定冠词不定冠词零冠词课件.ppt

冠词Thedefinitearticle,Indefinitearticleandzeroarticle,冠词的定义,冠词是置于名词之前、说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词。冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而单独存在。,冠词有三种:定冠词(definitearticle)、不定冠词(indefinitearticle)和零冠(zeroarticle),不定冠词有两个形式,一个是a,另一个是an。a用在辅音(指的是音标不是指字母)开头的词前,an用在以元音开头的词前。,auniversity,anumbrella,aEuropean,anexample,aone-actplay,anhouranhonestman,Mrs.Taylorhas_8-year-olddaughterwhohas_giftforpainting-shehaswontwonationalprizes.A.a;aB.an;theC.an;aD.the;a,不定冠词的基本用法,1.泛指某一类人或事物的一个Aboyiswaitingforyou.AMrSmithiscominghere。,2.表示某一类人或事物,相当于any,Ahorseisananimal.Achildneedslove.Acarmustbeinsured(保养)。,3.用于首次提到的人或物的单数名词前面。Anoldcockissittinginatalltree.,4.用于描写自然现象的名词前，表示“一阵”、“一场”、“一种”等。例如：,snow-asnow一场雪shower-ashower一阵暴雨,5.用在抽象名词之前表示具体介绍:是什么样的人，是什么样的事物。,Thelittlegirlisajoytoherparents.,Heisasuccess.,和你一块共事很愉快。,Itisapleasuretoworkwithyou.,Hedidmeagreatkindness.,Whatagreatsurpriseyougaveme.,6.用于某些固定的词组。alotof/agreatdealof很多afew有些alittle一些apieceof一张tohavearest休息一下asamatterofface事实上,7.用在序数词前，“又一，再一”；amost=avery.Althoughhehadfailedfourtimes,hewasdeterminedtotryafifthtime.Thisisamostinstructivefilm.8.用在many,half,such等词后.Manyaboyisswimming.Thevillageishalfanhourswalkfromhere.9.用在so(as/too/howetc.)+形容词之后1Howinterestingafilmitis!=Howinterestingthefilmis!2Heisnotso/asgoodadriverasyou,10.用a/an+物质名词，表示“一”eg.acoffee;atea;abrandy;anicecream11.用a/an表示部分不可数名词，表示“一点”，“一些”等。asmile一丝微笑arain一场雨makeanoise制造一点噪音12.与专有名词连用，“一个。式的人”；“。的作品”。eg:aLeiFengofourclass;playaLiszt,13.可以表示量度单位，每40kman/perhour每小时40公里twicea/perday每天两次14.与可数名词连用位于what,such之后，表示感叹，或强调程度Whatasurprise!真是让人吃惊。Mybossissuchafool!我的老板这么蠢。15.用在形容词最高级前，相当于very。Thisisamostusefuldictionary.这是一本非常有用的字典。,16.用在序数词前面表示“再一次，又一次”。Tenyearsafterthedeathofherhusband,shegotmarriedforasecondtime.在她丈夫去世十年后，她再次结婚了。17.用在many,quite,rather,such,twice,what等词后面，构成短语。Itsquiteaproblem.这是一个相当难的问题。Iveneverseensuchanexcitingfootballmatchbefore.我以前从来没见过这么精彩的比赛,定冠词的基本用法:,1.特指某个或某些人或事物,或指谈话双方都知道的人或事物,或重复上文提到的人或事物。例如：,Howdoyoulikethefilm?,Therewasachairbythewindow.Onthechairsatayoungwomanwithababyinherarms.Thebabyisveryfat.,2.指世界上独一无二的事物。,Theearthisbiggestthanthemoon,butsmallerthanthesun.thesky;theuniverse;theatmosphere,3.用在单数可数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物。如：,Thelionismorefiercethanthewolf.,ThecompasswasinventedinancientChina.,4.常用在乐器的名称之前。如：,playtheviolin/piano,5.用在某些专有名词前：thePeoplesRepublicofChina,theGreatWall,theWhiteHouse;在江河、山脉、海洋、湖泊、群岛的名词之前：,theChangjiangRiver;theYellowRiver;theSaltLake,6.在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词,表示一家人。theSmiths史密斯一家人TheWangsliveinthenext-doorhouse.7.用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组或惯用语中.eg.Ontheleft(right)inthewestintheendinthemorning8.某些形容词前加the表示一类人或物，指人时谓语动词用复数。eg.1Therichbecomericher,thepoorpoorer.2Thebeautifulisalwaysloved.3TheChineseareworkinghard.theBritish英国人,therich富人,theyoung年轻人,9、用在序数词前，形容词的最高级前及表示两者之间的比较中.eg.1thelongestriver；thethirdlesson2Heisthetallerofthetwo.10、表示几十年代的数字之前。eg.Inthe1870s（而表示“在某人四十多岁”时翻译成inhisforties)11、表示发明物的名词前.Eg.AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthephonein1876.,12.和表示数量的名词连用，表示“以为单位”Eggsaresoldbythedozen.鸡蛋按打来卖。Heispaidbythehour/theday/week/month.他按小时/天/周/月来付酬。13.与名词连用时，要注意与不定冠词的区别。a/themostinteresting非常有趣的/最有趣的a/thenumberof许多/的数量fora/themoment片刻，一会儿/暂时，目前givesb.a/thepush推某人一下/解雇某人,英语定冠词用法口诀,特指重现用定冠，独一无二把冠添，打球不用戴帽子，演奏乐器衣冠严，江山河海和峡湾，戴上帽子较安全，不戴帽子就吃饭，形容词加the名词变，习惯用语冠不冠，入乡随俗记心间。,英语定冠词用法口诀,特指、重提和唯一，岛屿，海峡和海湾；海洋，党派最高级，沙漠，河流与群山；方位、顺序和乐器，年代，团体与机关；船名，建筑和组织，会议，条约与报刊；姓氏复数，国全名，请你记住用定冠。,不加冠词的情况：,1.在大多数专有名词、泛指的抽象名词和物质名词前：Welovescience.Sheisfondofmusic.2.名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词,名词所有格及kindof,sortof,typeof,pieceof等限制时不加冠词。Thisismybook.3.三餐前不加冠词，但有形容词修饰时加a表示一顿。1Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforlunch?2Wehadareallygooddinner.4.四季前一般不加the。但特指必须加the。1Itwasverycoldinthewinterof1985.2Summercomesafterspringandbeforeautumn.,5.在星期、月份、节假日等名词前：,NationalDay;NewYearsDay;WomensDay在含有day的节日、假日前，不用冠词ChildrensDay,但在含有festival的节日前，需加冠词theSpringFestival;theMidautumnFestival.,6.在表语，宾语补足语，同位语中，表示独一无二的职位或头衔及呼吁前Whoscaptainofyourteam?谁是你们队长？Hewaselectedmonitorofourclass.他被选为班长GeorgeBush,presidentoftheUnitedStates美国总统布什,Whatswrongwithyou,Uncle?,ThisisComradeYang,chairmanoftheStudentsUnion.,HereportedthistoMrBlackheadmasteroftheschool.,7.在三餐饭和球类运动、棋类运动的名词前：,Ilikericeforsupper.,Letsgoandwatchthemplaychess.,8.国名、人名前面，一般不加定冠词。China,Japan,England,Mary,Henry等。但有的国名例外，如:theUnitedStates,thePhilippines,thePeoplesRepublicofChina。,9.表示独一无二头衔或职位的名词在句中做宾补，表语以及同位语时，大都用零冠词。Hewasmademonitoronlyyesterday.10.当bike，car，taxi，bus，train，foot，ship等与介词by连用，表示一种交通手段时，不用the。Didyoucomebackbyplaneorbytrain?还有bywater，byland，bysea，byair，onfoot，Onhorseback以及bytelephone，bytelegraph但takeabus，onthebike，inaboat等需加冠词。11表示语言的名词前一般不用冠词。如：Chinese，English,French,但用language时需加the如:theChineselanguage12.turn作“变成，成为”，后边的名词不带冠词。turnengineer=becomeanengineer.13.用于家庭成员或nurse,cook,teacher等具有ournurse(cook,teacher)等意义时：Teacherwasverypleasedwithourwork.Motherwasbeingmadeuplookingliketheideal,middle-agedhousewife.,14.在独立结构中Thehunterenteredtheforest,guninhand.猎人手拿着枪，走进了森林。15.在as引导的让步状语从句中。Childasheis,heknowsalotaboutthehistoryofChina.他虽然是个孩子，却对中国历史了解很多16.用在某些习惯用语中gotoschool(college,hospital,class,church,bed)bybike,(bus,train,car,boat,ship,plane,air)atsunrise,(sunset,noon,night,midnight),2019/12/15,26,可编辑,17.在下列表示行为、状态、特征、原因以及说明方式、目的等的固定习语中。atbreakfast（吃早饭时）/attable（吃饭）/atdinner（吃饭）/inclass（在课堂上）/incourt（出庭作证）/indebt（欠债）/indanger（处境危险）/ingood(poor)health身体健康（不健康）/ingoodcondition（状态好）/ingreatdemand/ingreatneed/inmotion（在运动中）/intimeofdanger/inoffice（就职）/introuble(difficulty)/insurprise/inhonourof/infavorof/withanger/incolour/ingeneral/insize/inlength/incharacter（在性格上）/insight/in(outof)order/infact/onbusiness/onholiday/onleave（休假）/onstrike/onwatch/onfire/ontime.,18.在某些词组中，用不用冠词，所表示的含义不同。如gotoschool(上学)gototheschool(到学校去)inhospital(住院)inthehospital(在医院里面)infrontof(在前面)inthefrontof(在前部)ofage成年ofanage同龄dieofcold冻死dieofacold感冒而死attable用餐atatable在桌子旁inword口头上inaword总而言之atsea茫然不知所措atthesea在海上Inchargeof负责。Inthechargeof有谁负责twoofus我们中的两人thetwoofus就我们两人,19.有定冠词与无定冠词的区别,吃饭坐在桌旁在海边乘船负责由负责,在掌管之下在白天按日计算发生代替拥有为所拥有能看见据的见解代替在的地方成年同龄,sitattablesitatthetablebytheseabyseabeinchargeofbeinthechargeofbydaybythedaytakeplacetaketheplaceofinpossessionofinthepossessionofinsightofinthesightofinplaceofintheplaceofbeofagebeofanage,20.有定冠词与无定冠词的区别,征求意见听从劝告他仍在执政他仍在办公室那是毫无疑问的.那是根本不可能的.,takeadvicetaketheadviceHeisstillinoffice.Heisstillintheoffice.Itisoutofquestion.(=beyondquestion)Itisoutofthequestion(=impossible),infuture/inthefuture;infrontof/inthefrontof,inbed/church/prison/town睡觉/做礼拜/蹲监狱/进城,inthebed/church/prison/town在床上/在教堂/在监狱里/在城里,gotoclass/hospital/school/college上课/住院/上学/上大学,gototheclass/hospital/school/college到课堂/医院/学校/大学去,不用冠词的集中情况,下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。,Finishactivity1onstudentsbooks.,Becausetheyarealluniquethereisonlyoneofthem.,Weusuallyusethedefinitearticle(the)withthem.Whydoyouthinkthisisnecessary?,TheInternet/theWorldWideWeb/theheadteacher/theuniversetheworld/thesun/theofficiallanguage/themoon/thepresidentthecapital,Finishactivity2.,Continents:,Asia,Europe,Oceania;America,Antarctica,Countries:,China,Argentina,Australia,India,France(exceptions:TheNetherlands,TheNetherlands,TheLebanon),Cities:,Beijing,London,NewYork,Sydney,Shanghai(exceptions:TheHague),Pluralanduncountablenounsingeneralstatements:,Snowiscold.Gunsaredangerous.,Isthere(a/the)computeratyourschool?Doyouhave(a/the)lessoninthecomputerroom?,_,_,Finishactivity3.Choosethecorrectarticletocompleteeachquestion.,3.Canyouaccess(an/the)Internetatschool?4.Haveyougot(a/the)phoneathome?5.Haveyougot(a/the)computerathome?,_,_,_,1.Does_headmasterknowhowtouseacomputer?2.Are_computersimportant?3.Canyouaccess_Internetatschool?,the,/,the,Completethesentenceswiththedefinitearticleifnecessary.,4.Youneed_softwaretouseacomputer?5._WorldWideWebisfullof_websites.,/,The,/,1.-Haveyouseen_pen?Ileftitherethismorning.-Isit_blackone?IthinkIsawsomewhere.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a,2.Summersin_southofFrancearefor_mostpartdryandsunny.A./;aB.the;/C./;/D.the;the,3.Jumpingoutof_airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite_excitingexperience.A./;theB./;anC.an;anD.the;the,4.Idontliketalkingon_telephone;Ipreferwriting_letters.A.a;theB.the;不填C.the;theD.waskilling,5.-Idontlike_NewYorkatall.-Butthisisnt_NewYorkyouremember.A.the;theB./;theC.the;/D./;a,EXX.,