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关键词：: 多功能齿轮实验台试验台齿轮实验台

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多功能齿轮实验台的设计【优秀】【7张CAD图纸】【毕业设计】

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毕业论文（设计）任务书

论文（设计）题目：多功能齿轮实验台的设计与CAD

一、主要内容及基本要求

主要内容:

齿轮是各种机器必不可少的零件，对齿轮各种性能进行测试是保证其可靠使用的必须之路，目前齿轮实验台一般分为两大类，一：开式；二，闭式。开式实验台功率损耗大，而闭式实验台具有明显的节能效果，为了利用其特点，本课题是研究在一般闭式齿轮实验台的基础上，增加联轴器、离合器、带传动或其他传动件的效率和寿命测试，使其成为多功能的机械传动实验台(已知参数最高转数1000转/分，最大封闭功率40公斤米)

基本要求:

1、所设计产品，要求达到国内领先水平。

2、图纸清晰工整

3、转配图用计算机绘制,要求百分之五十以上的图用计算机绘制,用图量不少于 2.5张A0

4、提交计算书、图纸、外文翻译1000-1500字

二、重点研究的问题

1,在一般闭式齿轮实验台的基础上,增加联轴器,离合器,带传动或其他穿传动件的效率和寿命测试

2.更换新的传感器.

三、进度安排

序号各阶段完成的内容完成时间

1查阅资料、现场测绘3.4——3.10

2总图调研与构思方案3.10——4.1

3进行结构设计与计算4.1——4.15

4绘制装配图零件图 4.15——5.10

5整理计算书、说明书、翻译外文准备答辩 5.10——5.16

6答辩5.23

摘要

齿轮是个种机器上必不可少的传动零件，对齿轮的各种性能进行测试是保证齿轮可靠的必经之路。

机械传动实验台能按照机器零件的工作能力和可靠性的基本准则进行精度、摩损和寿命等多项实验。

本设计就是提出一种改进湘潭大学机械工程学院的一台齿轮实验台的方案，本方案在保留了原有的测齿轮寿命和效率的功能上，增加了测试链传动的效率和寿命的功能，并且更换了新型传感器，实验计算机数据处理，使原来的实验台成为适宜现代测绘要求的机械传动实验台。

Gear test-bed design and CAD

Gear is a kind of machine parts essential to drive，and Gear on the various properties of a reliable test is to ensure that the only way gear.

Mechanical transmission of Taiwan in accordance with the working ability of machine parts and reliability of the basic norms of accuracy, Moldova and the loss of life and so on.

This is an improved design of the Xiangtan University School of Mechanical Engineering of a test-bed gear in the programme, the programme to retain the original measurement gear life and efficiency of the function, an increase of testing the efficiency and chain drive the functions of life, And the replacement of a new type of sensor, experimental computer data processing, so that the original test-bed for a modern surveying and mapping requirements of the mechanical transmission test-bed.

第一章封闭齿轮实验台的介绍……………………………2

1．1．主要特性及用途…………………………………………………2

1．2．组成部分及其工作原理…………………………………………2

1．3．实验机的操作……………………………………………………3

1．4．齿轮的拆装………………………………………………………3

1．5．测扭传感器的使用和标定………………………………………4

1．6．配套仪器…………………………………………………………4

第二章多功能齿轮实验台的设计……………………………4

2．1．齿轮的设计计算…………………………………………………4

2．2．输出轴的结构设计………………………………………………7

2．3．输入轴的结构设计………………………………………………12

2．4．滚动轴承的选择及其寿命计算…………………………………16

2．5．键的选择…………………………………………………………17

2．6．联轴器的选择……………………………………………………18

2．7．链传动的设计……………………………………………………19

2．8．轴承端盖的设计…………………………………………………23

总结………………………………………………………………24

参考文献…………………………………………………………25

英文翻译…………………………………………………………25

第一章．封闭齿轮实验台的介绍

1．1．主要特性及用途

本试验台为封闭功率流式，用直流电动机驱动，能在运行中进行双向加载，可同时进行封闭扭矩与电机扭矩的测量及显示。

本试验机最大封闭功率为40公斤米。如改为单向加载最大可达80公斤米，转速为0—1000转/分，无级可调。

本试验机配有测量封闭牛局及电机你局的传感器及输出装置。配以扭矩转换仪（数字频率计）可同时进行该两项扭矩的数字显示。这两种传感器静态标定误差满载时低于0.2%。

本试验机可进行以下的试验：

1．齿轮效率。

2．齿轮的承载能力(可按载荷谱模拟实际工作状态进行强度及寿命试验)。

1．2、组成部分及工作原理（参看附图）

2．齿轮箱：被试齿轮箱及陪试齿轮箱为结构及尺寸完全相同，齿数比为1：1的两个齿轮箱，均安装在同一底板上。

3．加载器：用套筒滚珠及左右螺旋组成机械式加载器。用专用钩子扳手旋动加载器螺旋，通过轴承及拉杆拉动套筒而使左、右旋的螺旋轮作反向旋转，从而使齿轮加载。

4．扭矩测量及显示装置：电机扭矩及封闭扭矩均用板行弹性元件及可变电容组成的传感器，通过随机转动的L.C振荡器输出频率扭矩而变的正弦波。接收装置为一线圈，通过感应接受正弦波讯号，用屏蔽线接入扭矩转换装置（数字频率计）显示正弦波的频率。经静态标定后频率即可转换成扭矩值。

5．润滑装置：本试验台齿轮箱可采用两种润滑方式：（1）浸油飞溅润滑，在箱盖下部设有油标。（2）恒温喷油润滑（此装置为附加设备，在定货时须另行提出）。控温仪温度最高可达100℃，使用使，可根据试验需要控制油温（一般可取50℃～70℃）。恒温箱加热后，电源电压为交流220V。

6．驱动电机及电器：本试验台用4KW直流电动机驱动，电机由可控硅无级调速设备控制。润滑油泵为90瓦。交流异步电动机（接线及操作请看电机及可控硅无级调速器说明书）。

1．3．试验机的操作。

运转前用手转动联轴器，观察各部分是否能正常转动，检查电池及各部分接线。

1．操作程序

1＞。接通恒温加热装置温控仪的电源，将感温探头插入油箱盖孔内，将温控选择盘旋至需要控制的温度。此时，油箱加热后的电路自动接通，开始加热油（具体使用参考温控仪说明书）。

2＞首先装好测电机及封闭扭矩两传感器的电池（积层电池9伏），接同扭矩转换仪（频率计）电源及接好讯号接受仪与仪器两组连线。讯号接受器与传感器距离20mm。然后观察数字频率计的读书看是否为零点的频率值（扭矩与频率的标定值见附表），如果不是，可松开相应的有机玻璃套后端钢套上的紧固螺钉（见附表），缓慢反复旋动有机玻璃套后，使频率读书为零点的值。调好后，再将紧固螺钉旋紧（一般误差在300HZ以下即可）。由于其及电器元件参数变化，可能调不到适合的零点值。此时，可将讯号接受器与传感器距离前后移动，以调整零点。

3＞当油温升至预定值后，起动油泵，向齿轮箱送油。待油温稳定后，即可缓慢启动直流电动机使试验台缓慢升速（切忌启动时使试验台电机扭矩测扭装置受到明显的冲击载荷，以免损坏测扭传感器的元件和影响测量的精确性），转速到预定值时（最高转速为1000转/分），即可按预定程序进行试验。

注：无恒温润滑装置的试验台不进行1＞、3＞两步。

4＞用专用的勾扳手旋动加载器螺旋加载。其方向可根据试验要求确定。加载值可由扭矩转换仪（频率计）显示频率，由频率查曲线，可得相应扭矩。如为预定载荷，则可预先根据扭矩查出相应的频率值，然后加到该值即可。在次同时，电机的扭矩由转换仪的另一组数字显示。

2．其他说明

1＞作一般教学试验求效率，可认为两齿轮箱效率相等，用下式求效率（）是足够精确的。

T封——封闭扭矩

T电——电机扭矩

总——总效率

两齿轮箱的材料或工艺等条件不同时，可先用次法求得陪试齿轮箱的效率（陪），再更换被试齿轮测效率，则

2＞作强度或寿命试验时，由于运转时间长，为了防止由于振动等原应引起加载器螺旋松动而使载荷下降，应用专用的内六角扳手，拧紧加载螺旋端的内六角螺钉使螺旋与螺母锁紧。

3＞用户可根据附表的数据绘制成电机扭矩——频率曲线与封闭扭矩——频率曲线。

1．4、齿轮的拆装：

在进行试验时，常需要拆装齿轮，拆装的步骤如下：

1．拆去侧盖螺钉，并取下侧盖。

2．松开轴上圆螺母的防松螺钉，并旋紧螺母。

3．取出压在齿轮端凹坑内的两个半圆块。

4．拆去观察孔有机玻璃盖板，从盖孔可插入铜棒拨松齿轮，即可将齿轮从轴上退出。

5．装上要换入的齿轮装两半圆块及旋紧圆螺母，拧紧防松螺钉，盖上才侧盖，即可进行实验。

1．5.测扭传感器使用说明及其标定：

本机专用的电容传感器，多采用片式电容，制造及装配要求较高，请勿拆卸。如发现异常情况可作以下检查：

1．电池电压一般在7.5V以下须更换。

2．取出电容传感器内的振荡器线路板，检查是否有零件损坏及断线。

3．检查接受器是否断线。

传感器一般在使用两年后，可连同钢板以及扭矩频率对照表，一并寄回我校，重新标定。

此类传感器，我们虽经上十次该进，但设计及制作经验尚不足，请同志们在使用中向我们反映时候情况和意见，不胜感谢。

1．6、配套仪器：

2．本实验机配用的温度控制器（WMZK——01型）系上海医用仪表厂生产。配以CJ10系列交流接触器，电压220V（恒温箱内电热管电源为220V）

3．本试验机配用的扭矩转换仪（频率计）与可控硅无级调速器均为我们推荐及代运。

以上设备如发生故障请直接与生产单位联系。

参考文献

[1]吴宗泽,罗圣国.机械设计课程设计手册[M].2版.北京：高等教育出版社，2006.

[2]纪名刚,濮良贵,机械设计[M].8版.北京：高等教育出版社，2006.

[3]孙恒,陈作模.机械原理[M].6版.北京：高等教育出版社，2001.

[4]吴宗泽.机械设计实用手册[M].2版.北京：化学工业出版社，2003.

[5]陈铁鸣.新编机械设计课程设计图册[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2003.

[6]刘鸿文.材料力学[M].4版.北京：高等教育出版社，2004.

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内容简介：: searching deeperAfter more than four decades investigating the ocean floor, the U.S. Navys deepest-diving submersible is about to be replaced.Common wisdom holds that a human body renews itself completely every seven or eight years. That is, all its building blocksamino acids, cells, DNA strandshave been replaced. But somehow, although were chemically different, its still the same old us.We bring this up because we were thinking about Alvin, the first U.S.-built, manned deep-ocean submersible, and how after 42 years of profound dives, the pressure vessel operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute is heading toward retirement.It seems that every three years or so the sub is disassembled to its hull, so every part of it can be checked. Then it is reassembled, often with improvements. That has happened so many times over the past 40 years that every part of the vessel has been replaced. According to Shelley Dawicki, the director for public relations at the institute, Gradually, after 42 years, no parts are original.But somehow its still the same Alvin, which took its first dive in 1964. The craft originally dove to depths of 6,000 feet, or less than 2,000 meters. Now, since its stainless steel crew module was replaced with one of titanium in 1973, it can dive about 4,000 meters, or more than 14,000 feet. That means it reaches about 63 percent of the ocean floor, where it moves cautiously, about a mile or mile and a half an hour, powered by golf cart batteries, through terrain no one from the surface has ever seen before.Dawicki told us that Alvin had one of its periodic overhauls less than a year ago, but the craft cant be upgraded to do much more than it does now.The Alvin deep-sea, manned submarine has been continuously retooled during its 42 years, yet still bears a striking resemblance to its original form, seen here in the mid-1960s.In its lifetime, the little submersible has located a lost hydrogen bomb in the Mediterranean Sea, explored deep-sea hydrothermal vents (where it collected evidence of about 300 previously unknown life forms, including giant tube worms), surveyed and helped photograph the Titanic, and accidentally gave scientists vital feedback about decay in the deep. Researchers who need deep-sea access put their names in and wait a couple of years to see if their project wins a berth for an eight-hour dive.Alvin, were told, has made more than 4,000 dives. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts operates Alvin for the U.S. Navy, as what it calls a national oceanographic facility. Now the institute plans to bring aboard a second submersible within the next two years.The new vessel will be a civilian craft, funded by the National Science Foundation. We couldnt confirm that it will be called the Alvin II. We did learn, though, that it will go far deeper than the Alvin, down to 6,500 meters, or more than 21,000 feet, for access to nearly the entire ocean floor.Another innovation will be in the area of visibility. Dawicki said that when Alvin was introduced, its three view portsone for the pilot and one each for two researchersprovided exceptional visibility. It was also unusual in that the vessel required only one pilot, instead of two, so the third seat could go to a researcher. The new submersible will have a total of five view ports, Dawicki said.Alvins main engineer, Harold Froehlich, was an aerospace and mechanical engineer for General Mills. He designed the submarine in 1962 from plans for Seapup, a never-built deep-sea submarine hed designed.How a cereal company headquartered in landlocked Minnesota came to build the United States first manned deep submersible is a story unto itself. Froehlich helmed the crew that built the three-person craft for the U.S. Navy.After World War II, naval officials realized that Japan and Germany knew more about building submarinesand about the largely unstudied underwater worldthan the United States did. The Navy needed to catch up.To that end, in 1953 it purchased the deep-diving bathyscaphe Trieste, designed by the Swiss explorer Auguste Piccard. The Trieste was quite large and not very maneuverable. It had to be tethered to a service vessel. The Navy sought a deep-sea submarine that wouldnt be so dependent on a ship.Froehlich, who had spent five years in the Pacific theater during World War II, knew exactly what the United States needed. But was such a thing feasible? In the late 1950s, he sat down to tinker with his Seapup idea to find out.As it turns out, such a thing could work. And when executives at General Mills learned of Froehlichs Seapup, they decided to bid on the naval contract. Although the companys name is synonymous today with cereal, that certainly hasnt always been the case. In fact, General Mills had been heavily involved in war work and by the late 1950s was looking to retool wartime operations for home front activities. Streamlining to its current focus on food would come later, said Kirstie Foster, a General Mills spokeswoman.The company earned the bid in 1962 for $472,517. Froehlich and his team delivered the submarine a scant two years later. When Litton Systems took over the building of the Alvin from General Mills, Froehlich moved over, too.Woods Hole can thank Froehlich for the crafts unique longevity (the submersible has been retooled numerous times, but still retains its original shape). The aeronautical engineer put to good use his knowledge of robotics and hydraulics. General Mills won the contract in part because the craft included portholes designed to withstand the intense undersea pressure and had two hydraulic-arm manipulators.The craft can withstand 6,500 psi. Although it is headed toward retirement, it remains state-of-the-art, according to Woods Hole. Dawicki said that the only reason it is being retired is that there isnt enough money available to operate two deep-sea submersibles. But the submarine is best known for its first manned dive, in July 1986, to the hulk of the rusting Titanic that rested 12,460 feet in the sea. Photographs from that dive have bee

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