Argumentative essays 英语议论文写作ppt课件.ppt

AnArgumentativeEssay,Howto.,1,BeforeWriting.,Brainstormideasonthesubject.Identifythemaintopics.Usethesetopicsasheadingsfororganisingyournotes.Decidewhichsideyouareoni.e.whichargumentsaremostconvincing.Makesureyouchoosethesidethatyoucanfullysupport.Planandwriteanoutlineforyouressaynotingdowntheinformationyouwillincludeineachparagraph.,2,ExampleOutline,ThesisStatement:Becauseofitscost,riskandalternatives,thebuildingofnuclearreactorsshouldnotcontinue.TopicSentence1:Thefirstproblemwithnuclearreactorsistheircost.TopicSentence2:Anotherproblemistheseriousconsequencesofaccidents.Refutation:Somepeoplemightclaimthatthereisnorealalternativetonuclearpower.ConcludingStatement:Inshort,althoughnuclearpowerisanattractiveoption,ithastoomanydisadvantages.,3,IntroductoryParagraph,Yourintroductionshould:IntroducethetopicwithageneralstatementStatewhyitisimportantStatethereisadifferenceofopinionaboutthistopicThesisstatementmuststatewhatYOURclaimisandcanincludethe“parts”oftheargumentyouaregoingtostate.,4,ExampleIntroductoryParagraph,Therehasbeenmuchdiscussionabouttheuseofnuclearpowereversincethefirstreactorwasbuilt.Peoplewhosupportnuclearpowerthinkthatitprovidesacheapandeffectivemeansofsupplyingenergyneeds.However,inrealityitisnotcheapatallandthedangersarewell-knownaftertheaccidentsatChernobylandThreeMileIsland.Thefactisthatnuclearpowerisatried,testedandfailedtechnology.Becauseofitscost,riskandalternatives,thebuildingofnuclearreactorsshouldnotcontinue.,5,BodyParagraphs,Argumentsfor:Thereasons“parts”ofyourthesisstatementwillbeinyourbodyparagraphs.Giveclearargumentsforyourclaimwithsupport(examples,statistics,explanations,etc.)Usetransitionwordsasyoumovefromparagraphtoparagraph(Firstly,secondly,furthermore,inaddition,moreover,finally).Youcanalsouseanyofthetransitionsfromtheotheressaytypesaslongastheyareappropriateforyourargument.(Youmaywanttocompare/contrastthings,givereasons/results,descriptions,definitionsetc.),6,RefutationParagraph,Thisisalsousedtosupportyourclaim.Usethecounterargumentstoshowthatyourideaisthestrongerone.Donotfocusonlyontheopposingideas.,7,Usefulwordsandphrases,Whenyoucanthinkoftheopposingopinionbutyouhavenotseenitwrittenanywhere:couldbeclaimedItmaybeassertedthat.However,mightbeargued,8,Usefulwordsandphrasescontd.,Whenyouhaveseentheopposingopinionwritteninanothertext:claimedIthasbeenassertedthat.However,argued,9,ExampleRefutation,Somepeoplemightclaimthatthereisnorealalternativetoanewgenerationofnuclearreactors.However,combinedheatandpowerunits,whichgenerateelectricity,arealreadyeconomicalforlargehousesorblocksofflatsandsmallerunitswillbeonthemarketnextyear.Localgenerationofelectricityeliminatestheenormouslossesofwastedheatinelectricitygenerationbyfossilfuelsornuclearreactors.Windturbinesandsolarcellsontheroofcanalsoprovidehomesolutionsandwillbecomemoreeconomicalascostscomedownwithmassproduction.,10,Concludingparagraph,Yourconclusionshould:RestatethemainclaimPresentoneortwogeneralsentenceswhichaccuratelysummariseyourargumentswhichsupportthemainpremiseProvideageneralwarningoftheconsequencesofnotfollowingthepremisethatyouputforwardand/orageneralstatementofhowthecommunitywillbenefitfromfollowingt