Unit 7 The Monster.ppt

unit7,themonster,deemstaylor,pre-readingquestions:,1.whatisamonster?haveyouevermetorheardofanyonewhoiseccentric?decribehim/her.2.whatkindofmaniscomparabletoamonster?3.howshouldwelookatthosemonsters?,backgroundinformation:1.aboutthetext:thistextfirstappearedasaradiotalk,entitledamonster.lateritwaspublishedwiththetitleofmenandmusicintheunitedstatesin1937.2.abouttheauthor:deemstaylor,americanmusicianandcritic.,richard(wilhelm)wagner(1813-1883)isagermancomposer,conductor,andessayist,oneofthemostinfluentialculturalfiguresofthe19thcentury.throughthiscreativeworksandhistheoreticalwritings,wagnerrevolutionizedtheconceptandstructureofoprera.heradicallyalteredthewayinwhichoperawascomposed.wagnerbelievedthatdramaandmusicwereequallyimportant,andwroteoperasthatreflectedthisthinking.wagnerwasnotonlyacomposerandconductor,butalsoaplaywright,philosopher,criticandsocialactivist.therefore,henotonlyoccupiesanimportantpositioninthehistoryofeuropeanmusic,butalsogreatinfluenceinthehistoryofeuropeanliteratureandthehistoryofphilosophy.,wilhelmrichardwagner,威廉理查德瓦格纳（wilhelmrichardwagner，1813年5月22日1883年2月13日）德国作曲家。他是德国歌剧史上一位举足轻重的人物。前面承接莫扎特、贝多芬的歌剧传统，后面开启了后浪漫主义歌剧作曲潮流，理查德施特劳斯紧随其后。同时，因为他在政治、宗教方面思想的复杂性，成为欧洲音乐史上最具争议的人物。理查德瓦格纳,德国著名的作曲家、指挥家，生于莱比锡。曾入莱比锡大学学习音乐与哲学。20岁时已写过几部管弦乐。后在维尔茨堡、马格德堡、哥尼希斯堡和里加等歌剧院当指挥。l842年他的歌剧黎恩齐演出成功，使他当上德累斯顿皇家歌剧院指挥。他是大型管弦乐的创始者，对歌剧艺术有重大改革，首先，他建议一个歌剧作曲家要参与剧本创作，作整部歌剧的总导演；其次，他强调预先确定的和弦是歌剧艺术的基础；第三，他作品中的内核就是连续旋律的发展，利用翻来复去的旋律产生柔顺悦耳的音乐效果，乐曲内部很少出现正常的终止式。,themansphysicalappearance:,wilhelmrichardwagner,wordsandexpressions:,nerven:vn.神经；勇气；植叶脉vt.鼓起勇气nerveoneself鼓起勇气；振作peripheralnerve末梢神经，外周神经facialnerve面神经；颜面神经,eg:1.itsthenotionofknowingexactlywhatneedstobedone,butlackingthenervetodoit;theapprehensiontoyouraspirations.从概念上讲，我们知道我们必须要做什么，但是却没有勇气去做；这就是对你的志向的忧虑。2.doctorscancuresomeinfections,butonlybyusingtoxicdrugsthatcancausenerveandkidneydamage.医生可以治疗部分传染者，但只能通过使用会损害神经和肾脏的有毒药剂。,deludedilu:dvt.迷惑；逃避；使失望,deludemyself误会deludeto使欺骗成deludeoneself自欺；自欺欺人,eg:1.hewasnotarakethatmadeatradetodeludewomen.他并不是那样一个色棍以欺骗女人为生。2.neithersideshoulddeludeitselfthatitcanavoidtheharmcausedbyanincreasedmutualantagonism;任何一方都不应迷惑他自己，认为增长的相互对立所带来的伤害是可以避免；,conceiveknsi:vvt.怀孕；构思；以为；持有vi.怀孕；设想；考虑conceiveelegance气质自造conceiveas认为elementaryconceive初步设想,eg:1.wecantconceiveoflivingwithoutatelephone.我们简直设想不出没有电话人怎么活下去。2.thedoctortoldherthatshecouldntconceiveagain.医生告诉她不能再怀孕了。,burlesqueb:leskn.作戏；滑稽戏adj.滑稽的；可笑的hollywoodburlesque好莱坞闹剧burlesqueperformer职业burlesquedancer脱衣舞娘,eg:1.hehasplayedinseveralfilms,includingtwilight,forwhichhewasnominatedforthebestvillainawardatthe2009screamawards,burlesque,andpriest.他曾出演过多部电影，其中有暮色，此片让他获得了2009年“尖叫奖”的最佳反派奖提名，滑稽表演，还有圣徒。,compromisekmprmaizvt.妥协；危害vi.妥协；让步n.妥协，和解；折reachacompromise达成妥协makeacompromise妥协；折衷；做出让步missouricompromise密苏里妥协案,eg:1.compromisemakesforsuccessinnegotiations.妥协有助于谈判的成功。2.iampreparedtomakesomeconcessiononminordetails,buticannotcompromiseonfundamentals.在一些细节上我可以作些让步，但在基本原则上我是不会妥协的。,downrightdaunraitadj.明白的；直率的；显明的adv.完全，彻底；全然downrightdistrust不信任的传统；完全不信任downrightupright唱片名downrightnoticeable显明的,eg:1.thosewhoseclaimslookdownrightfraudulentshouldstanddownimmediately.那些声称看起来完全被欺骗应该立即下台。2.mostlytheytellyouto“relax”andto“beyourself”whichisdownrightirresponsible.它们多半会告诉你，要“放松”，“做你自己”这是完全不负责任的说法。,tormentt:ment,t:m-vt.折磨，使痛苦；纠缠，作弄n.痛苦，苦恼；痛苦的根源twistedtorment扭曲刑罚diretorment镇魂钩镰sweettorment甜蜜的折磨,eg:1.besides,isitjusttotormentonemanforthecrimeofanother?再说，因为一个人的罪过而折磨另一个人，这正当么？2.forihavefivebrethren;thathemaytestifyuntothem,lesttheyalsocomeintothisplaceoftorment.因为我还有五个弟兄。他可以对他们作见证，免得他们也来到这痛苦的地方。,vegetarianism,veditrinizmn.素食主义deepvegetarianism深层素食主义jewishvegetarianism犹太素食主义lactoovopescovegetarianism鱼素者,eg:1.butasisaidattheoutset,vegetarianismhaslasted.不过正如我一开始所说，素食主义却流传下来。2.andwhatarethesehealthfulbenefitsofvegetarianism.那这些素食主义的健康的益处是什么呢？,shudderdn.发抖；战栗；震动vi.发抖；战栗shudderat不寒而栗；由于恐惧而发抖clutchshudder离合器颤振shuddern战栗nauseashudder恶心和不寒而栗,eg:1.aswestoodtherestaringateachother,ashudderpassedthroughme.我们站在那里对望着彼此，突如其来地，我感到一阵战栗。2.montaignegivesasimilarexample,sayingthatifyouputasageontheedgeofaprecipice,hemustshudderlikeachild.蒙田举了个类似的例子，说如果你把一个圣人放在悬崖边上，“他一定像个孩子一样发抖”。,mistressmistrisn.情妇；女主人；主妇；女教师；女能人themistress迷失森林；迷失丛林gamesmistress体育女教师mistressfrankenstein迷失森林,eg:1.gonowandtellyourmistress.现在去告诉你的女主人。2.naturally,eachofthemhadhismistress.自然每个人都有他的情妇。3.themistressofthehousereluctantlyinstalledthetworefugeesinaspareroom.女主人很不情愿地把两个难民安置在一个空闲的房间里。,volubility,vljubilitin.流利；健谈eloquencevolubility谈锋excessivevolubility多言癖volubilityeloquence言谈的劲头,eg:astannen(1985)suggests,silenceinitselfisnotnecessarilyasignofpowerlessness,justasvolubilityinitselfisnotnecessarilyasignofdomination.如tannen（1985年）提出，沉默本身不一定是无能的标志，就像健谈本身也不一定是支配的标志。,structureanalysis,partonepre-readingquestions:1.inwhatwaywaswagnerphysicallyodd?2.whydidhealwaystakehimselftombethecenterofhisconversations?3.howwouldherespondtodisagreement?4.whatemotionalfeaturesdidhepossess?,answers:1.hewasveryshort,withaheadtoobigforhisbodyandhehadskintrouble.2.hewasfullofconceit.hebelievedhimselftobeoneofthegreatestdramatists,thinkersandcomposers.hecarednothingbuthimself.therefore,hehadonlyonetopicofconversation:himself.,3.ifanyoneshowedslightdisagreementonanytrivialpoint,hewouldmakealengthyspeechforhourstoprovehimselfrightuntilthepersonwasdazedanddeafenedandagreedwithhimintheend.4.hewasemotionallyunstablelikeasix-year-oldchild.hewasquitemoody,sometimesextremelyhappy,sometimespessimisticenoughtothinkofcommittingsuicide.bothkindnessandheartlessnessareshowninhisbehaviorondifferentoccasions.,neverforoneminutedidhelookattheworldoratpeople,exceptinrelationtohimself.thisisainversionsentence.当否定词位于句首时，句子应借助助动词进行半倒装。inrelationto:relateto关于；涉及paraphrase:hehadnevercaredaboutthethingsthathappenedonearthandtheotherpeople,unlessthethingswererelatedtohimself.,rollintoone:集于一身e.g.manyoftheoutstandingfiguresofthepastwereexceptionallyversatile.leonardodavinci,forinstance,wasapainterandaninventor,rolledintoone.,haveamaniafor(doing)sth.对有欲望e.g.hehadamaniaforbeingintheright.forthesakeof:为了好e.g.forthesakeofyourfamily,youshouldlookbeforeyouleapandnotventuresomuch.,theslightesthintofdisagreement,fromanyone,onthemosttrivialpoint,wasenoughtosethimoffonaharanguethatmightlastforhours,inwhichheprovedhimselfrightinsomanyway,andwithsuchexhaustingvolubility,thatintheendhishearer,stunnedanddeafened,wouldagreewithhim,forthesakeofpeace.paraphrase:ifanyonedisagreedwithhimonthemostunimportantthingintheslightestway,hewouldbegintogivealoudandlongspeechandprovehimselfrightinmanyways.hisspeechwouldbeverylongandfluent,sofinally,hishearerwouldhavenootherchoicebuttoagreewithhim.,thousandsuponthousandsofwords,hundredsandhundredsofpages连篇累牍，好几百页atsbsexpense某人支付开销attheexpenseof以为代价e.g.attheexpenseofthehealth以健康为代价,whenheleftoutofsorts,hewouldraveandstamp,orsinkintosuicidalgloomandtalkdarklyofgoingtotheeasttoendhisdaysasabuddhistmonk.,paraphrase,whenhefeltunhappy,hewouldroarandstamp,orbecomeverygloomyandeventalkinlowspiritofgoingtotheeasttobeabuddhistmonktilldeath.,outofsorts不高兴,e.g.“mylads,”saidhe,”wevehadahotdayandarealltiredandoutofsorts.”,sinkinto情绪低落,e.g.ifyouborrowbeyondyourcapacitytorepay,youmightsinkintoadebttrap.,pullwires拉关系,e.g.hisfatherpulledwiresandgothimoutofjail.,hecouldbegriefstrickenoverthedeathofapetdog,andcouldbecallousandheartlesstoadegreethatwouldhavemadearomanemperorshudder.,paraphrase,hecouldbeverysadbecauseapetdogdied,buthecouldalsosocruelandmercilessthataromanemperorwouldhavetrembledbeforehim.,stricken在这里用作构成合成形容词的词尾，意思是“受打击的，为所苦的”如：crisis-stricken危机深重的；grief-stricken悲痛欲绝的。over的意思是“涉及；关于”,e.g.itwasanargumentovermethods.那是一场关于方法的争论。,hewrotebegginglettersbythescore,sometimesgrovelingwithoutshame,atothersloftilyofferinghisintendedbenefactortheprivilegeofcontributingtohissupport,andbeingmortallyoffendediftherecipientdeclinedthehonor.,paraphrase,hewrotemanymanyletterstobegformoney.insomeoftheseletters,hewasveryhumble,whileinsomeothers,hewasveryarrogantasifitwasgenerousofhimtogiveothersanopportunitytohelphim,andoncehisfavorwasrefused,hewouldbeextremelyoffended.,“to+ones+情感类名词”结构在句中常用做插入语，表示说话人的态度、观点等。一般位于句首，并用逗号将其与句中的主干部分隔开，起作用相当于结果状语，句子的主干部分是引起这一结果的原因。,whatmoneyhecouldlayhishandonhespentlikeanindianrajah.,paraphrase,howevermuchmoneyhegot,hespentitallimmediately.,what引导名词性从句，意为“所的事”，相当于“thethingthat;allthat;everythingthat”等。这里引导一个宾语从句，宾语前置，如：whathewantedtoseewasanendtoallthearmiesoftheworld.,anendlessprocessionofwomenmarchedthroughhislife.,inhiswholelife,hehadneverstoppedhavingaffairswithwomen,whohadcomeandgonelikethemarchingofanarmy.alotofwomencameintohislifeasaresultofhispursuit,andwereabandonedbyhimintheend.,paraphrase,rhetorical:,metaphorhehadtheemotionalstabilityofasix-year-oldchild.,becontentwith:feelhappyorsatisfiedwithjohnwascontentwithtwoglassesofbeereventhoughhecouldhavehadmore.burlesque:v.causetoappearabsurdbyparodyingorcopyinginamagnifiedform.假装滑稽或滑稽地模仿adj:滑稽地，可笑的，嘲弄的，讽刺的n.speech,acting,orwritinginwhichaserioussubjectismadetoseemsilly.滑稽讽刺表演（或作品）。aburlesqueofliterarylife对文学生活的戏谑,parttwoparaphrase:andthecuriousthingaboutthisrecordisthatitdoesntmatterintheleast.whatmakesusfeelsurprisedisthatallthebadandstartlingrecordaboutrichardwagnerdoesntdamagehisreputationatall.,readbetweenthelinesofhisautobiograph.findhiddenmeanings暗示，言外之意e.g.ifyoureadbetweenthelines,itisreallyarequestformoney.readbetweenthelines,youcanknowwhatsbackhismind.,partthreethejokeisonus.(informal)sbwhotriedtomakesomeelselookfoolishnowlooksridiculousinstead.原想耍弄别人，自己反倒成为笑料。e.g.thejokeisagainstyou.thejokeisonyou.,whatif?whatwillhappenifwhatisthedifferenceif如果将会怎么样e.g.whatifnoonehadbeenthere?whatiftheboysparentsshoulddie?,whatstheimplicationofthelastsentence?itimpliesthatthemonsterhavemadegr