the secret garden 秘密花园课件.ppt

TheSecretGarden,I.AnintroductionII.TheauthorIII.BackgroundIV.MajorcharactersV.PlotsummaryVI.Majorthemes6、Majorthemes,outline,I.Anintroduction,TheSecretGardenisanovelbyFrancesHodgsonBurnett.Itwasfirstpublishedin1911.ItisnowoneofBurnettsmostpopularnovels,andisconsideredtobeaclassicofEnglishchildrensliterature.Severalstageandfilmadaptationshavebeenproduced.,II.Theauthor,FrancesElizaHodgsonBurnettwasanEnglishplaywrightandauthor.Sheisbestknownforherchildrensstories,inparticularLittleLordFauntleroy方特勒罗伊小爵爷(publishedin1885-6),ALittlePrincess(1905),andTheSecretGarden(1911).,FrancesElizaHodgsonwasborninCheetham,England.Afterherfatherdiedin1852,thefamilyfellonstraitenedcircumstancesandin1865immigratedtotheUnitedStates,settlingnearKnoxville,Tennessee.ThereFrancesbeganwritingtohelpearnmoneyforthefamily,publishingstoriesinmagazinesfromtheageof19.In1870hermotherdied,andin1872FrancesmarriedSwanBurnett,whobecameamedicaldoctor.,III.Thebackground,TheBurnettslivedfortwoyearsinParis,wheretheirtwosonswereborn,beforereturningtotheUnitedStatestoliveinWashington,D.C.,Burnettthenbegantowritenovels.Beginninginthe1880s,shebegantotraveltoEnglandfrequentlyandinthe1890sboughtahometherewhereshewroteTheSecretGarden.,Fromthemid-1890sshelivedinEnglandatGreatMaythamHallwhichhadalargegardenwheresheindulgedherloveforflowerswhereshemadeherhomeforthenextdecade,althoughshecontinuedannualtransatlantictripstotheUnitedStates.MaythamHallresembledafeudalmanorhousewhichenchantedBurnett.,In1907,shereturnedpermanentlytotheUnitedStates,havingbecomeacitizenin1905,andshebuiltahome,completedin1908,inthePlandomeParksectionofPlandomeManoronLongIslandoutsideNewYorkCity.HersonVivianwasemployedinthepublishingbusinessandathisrequestsheagreedtobeeditorforChildrensMagazine.OverthenextseveralyearsshehadpublishedinChildrensMagazineanumberofshorterworks.In1911shehadTheSecretGardenpublished.,IV.Maincharacters,Mary:spoiltandwithatemper,sheisunaffectionate,angry,rudeandobstinate.Dickonhasasoftwaywithanimalsandagoodnature.Eagertoabsorbhisgardeningknowledge,Maryletshimintothesecretofthegarden,whichheagreestokeep.Colin:heisthesonofheruncle;hismotherdiedwhenhewasababy,andhesuffersfromanunspecifiedproblemwithhisspine.,MaryLennoxisatroubled,sickly,andunloved10-year-oldgirlborninIndiatoselfish,wealthyBritishparents.Sheisprimarilycaredforbyservants,whopacifyherasmuchaspossibletokeepheroutofherparentsway.Shegrowsintoaspoiledandselfishgirl.Eventually,thereisacholeraepidemicinIndiawhichkillsMarysparentsandalltheservants.Maryisdiscoveredalivebutaloneintheemptyhouse.ShebrieflyliveswithanEnglishclergymanandhisfamilyandisthensenttoYorkshire,England,tolivewithArchibaldCraven,anuncleshehasnevermet,athishomecalledMisselthwaiteManor.,Plotsummary,Atfirst,Maryisherusualself,sourandrude,dislikingheruncleslargehouse,thepeoplewithinit,and,mostofall,thevaststretchofmoor,whichseemsscrubby穷酸,andgreyafterthewinter.Sheistoldthatshemuststayconfinedtohertworoomsandkeepherselfamusedwithoutmuchattention.,MarthaSowerby,agood-naturedmaid,tellsMaryastoryofthelateMrs.Cravenandhowshewouldspendhoursinaprivatewalledgardengrowingroses.Mrs.Cravenfelltoherdeathwhenatreebranchgavewaybeneathher,andthedevastatedMr.Cravenlockedthegardenandburiedthekey.,Maryispiqued刺激bythisstoryandherillmannerbeginstosoften.Soon,shecomestoenjoythecompanyofMartha,BenWeatherstaff,thegardener,andafriendlyrobinredbreastwhomsheassignsahumanpersonality.Herappetiteincreasesandshegrowsstrongerassheplaysbyherselfonthemoor.MarthasmotherbuysMaryaskippingropetoencouragethis,andMarytakestoitimmediately.Maryoccupieshertimewonderingaboutboththesecretgardenandthecriesshehearsatnight.Theservantsclaimnottohearthecries.,AsMaryisexploringtheperipheryofthegardens,herrobinfrienddrawsherattentiontoanareaofturned-oversoil.Maryfindsthekeytothelockedgarden,andeventuallythedoortothegarden.SheasksMarthaforgardentools,whichMarthasendswithDickon,hertwelve-year-oldbrother.MaryandDickontakealikingtoeachother,asDickonhasakindwaywithanimalsandagoodnature.Eagertoabsorbhisgardeningknowledge,Maryletshiminonthesecretofthegarden.,Thatnight,Maryhearsthecryingagain.Shefollowsthenoiseand,tohersurprise,findsasmallboyheragelivinginahiddenbedroom.HisnameisColin.Shesoondiscoversthattheyarecousins:heisthesonofheruncle,hismotherdiedwhenhewasababy,andhesuffersfromanunspecifiedspinalproblem.,Maryvisitseverydaythatweek,distractinghimfromhistroubleswithstoriesofthemoor,Dickonandhisanimals,andthegarden.Maryfinallyadmitsshehasaccesstothesecretgarden,andtheydecideColinneedsfreshair.Colinisputintohiswheelchairandbroughtoutsideintothegarden,thefirsttimehehasbeenoutdoorsinyears.,Whileinthegarden,thechildrenaresurprisedtoseeBenWeatherstafflookingoverthewallonaladder.StartledandangrytofindthechildrenthereinColinsmothersgarden,headmitshebelievedColintobeacripple.Colinstandsupfromhischairandfindsthathislegsarefine,thoughweakfromdisuseforsolong.,Colinspendseverydayinthegarden.ThechildrenconspiretokeepColinsrecoveringhealthasecretsohecansurprisehisfather,whoistravellingandstillmourninghislatewife.AsColinshealthimproves,hisfarawayfatherseesacoincidingincreaseinspirits,culminatinginadreamwherehislatewifecallstohimfrominsidethegarden.,WhenhereceivesaletterfromMarthasmother,hetakestheopportunitytofinallyreturnhome.Hewalkstheoutergardenwallinhiswifesmemory,buthearsvoicesinside,findsthedoorunlocked,andisshockedtoseethegardeninfullbloom,includinghishealthyandinvigoratedson.Theservantswatch,stunned,asMr.CravenwalksbacktothemanorandColinrunsbesidehim.,Majorthemes,RejuvenationThegrowthinthegardenandMaryisthebookscentralsymbol,inspiredinpartbyBurnettsinterestinMaryBakerEddysChristianSciencetheories.1ThesecretgardenatMisselthwaiteManoristhesiteofboththenear-destructionandthesubsequentregenerationofafamily.2Usingthegardenmotif,Burnettexploresthehealingpowerinherentinlivingthings.Inaveryliteralsense,MaryLennoxcomesaliveashergardendoes.ThesamegoesforColinandMrCraven.Astheytendtosomethingoutsidetheirownsorrow,theyfindjoyandnewlife.,Sensibility识别力Thestoryconstitutesastrugglebetweencommonsenseandtheacceptedwisdomoftheday,inwhichcommonsensewins.Servantsandfatherareseentodoharmbygettingcaughtupinfalseideasthatcomefromthedoctorwhoespousesmedicalpracticesoftheday.AnexcellentsymbolforcommonEnglishsensibilityisSusanSowerby,DickonandMarthasmother,.Sheactsasaopen-armsmotherfigure,onethatismorethanwelcomingofsuchunlovedchildrenasMaryandColin.Sherealizestheimportanceoflaughinginmakingthetwoofthemstronger,butalsotheimpo