unit 7 the glorious messiness of Englishppt课件.ppt

Unit7LearningaboutEnglish,TextAThe,GloriousMessiness,ofEnglish,1,Pre-readingtaskWhile-readingtasks:Detailed-reading(Part1)Detailed-reading(Part2)Detailed-reading(Part3)Post-readingtasks,TextATheGloriousMessinessofEnglish,2,CulturalNote,Pre-readingtask,3,TheHistoricalOverviewsofEnglishVocabulary,Theprimitiveinhabitant:Celts.TheyspokeCeltic.55B.C.JuliusCaeserledRomansinvadedtheBritishIslesandoccupiedthelanduntil410.,4,OldEnglish(450-1150)TheAnglo-SaxonPeriod,AfterRomans,theGermanictribescalledAngles,Saxons,andJutescameingreatnumbers.Soontheytookpermanentcontroloftheland,whichwastobecalledEnglish.Theirlanguage,historicallyknownasAnglo-Saxon,dominatedandalmosttotallyblottedouttheCeltic.NowpeoplegenerallyrefertoAnglo-SaxonasOldEnglish.,5,(1)ChristianityTheintroductionofChristianityhadagreatimpactontheEnglishvocabulary.,6,(2)InvasionInthe9thcenturythelandwasinvadedagainbyNorwegianandDanishVikings.Withtheinvaders,manyScandinavianwordscameintotheEnglishlanguage.,7,OldEnglishhasavocabularyofabout50,000-60,000words.,8,MiddleEnglish(1150-1500),TheNormanConquestin1066startedacontinualflowofFrenchwordsintoEnglish.NormanFrenchbecamethepolitespeech.Butbytheendofthe13thcentury,Englishgraduallycameback.Duringthisperiod,BritainhadtraderelationswithHollandand,asaresult,asmanyas2,500wordsofDutchoriginfoundtheirwayintoEnglish.,9,ModernEnglish(1500-),(1)RenaissanceModernEnglishbeganwiththeestablishmentofprintinginEngland.DuringtheRenaissance,enormousnumbersofLatinwordsbecamepartofEnglishvocabulary.,10,(2)BourgeoisRevolutionB.veto指“否决权”；C.taboo意思是“禁忌”；D.boycott意为“抑制”。译文：因为缺水，禁止使用水龙软管。,36,(Line15)tolerance(n.)容忍，忍耐（力），宽容-Ithinktolerancebetweenstudentsisextremelynecessarysincetheyliveandstudytogether.Humanbeingshavelimitedtoleranceofnoise.have/display/show/exhibittoleranceforsth.有/表示宽容,37,PartII,RhetoricalDevices:Metaphor(暗喻)：暗喻是间接地把一物同与其某种相似点的另一物相比较，不用比喻词。InthistexttheEnglishlanguageiscomparedtoplants,andthevariouscultureinfluencingitarecomparedtothesoil,whileusersofEnglisharecomparedtogardeners.,38,Forexample,coreofEnglish（英语的核心）(Line23),acommonparentlanguage（共同的母语）(Line43),anotherfloodofnewvocabulary（另一次新词的大量涌入）(Line68),39,Parallelism（排比）：排比是用一连串内容相关，结构类似的句子成分或句子来表示强调和一层层的深入。Eg.“Weshallfightonthebeaches,weshallfightonthelandinggrounds,weshallfightinthefieldsandinthestreets,40,weshallfightinthehills.Weshallneversurrender.”(Line29)-Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。,41,Personification（拟人）：拟人是把非人的事物当作人来写，把人的特点赋予事物或某种抽象概念，用本来只适用于人的名词，形容词，动词来描写事物，使其具有人的某种属性。,42,eg.Thereispersonificationinthesentence.“TranslationsofGreekandRomanclassicswerepouredontotheprintedpage”（Line80)-“希腊罗马经典著作的译文纷纷印成书册”,43,Metonymy（转喻）：转喻也叫换喻，即借用与某物相关或相连的东西代称某物。eg.Thereismetonymyinthesentence“Thecountrynowhadthreelanguages:Frenchforthenobles,LatinforthechurchesandEnglishforthecommon,44,people.”Heretheword“churches”standsforreligiousinstitutionsandthosewhoareinvolvedinthereligiouspractices.(Line69)这时英语三种语言并用：贵族使用法语，教会使用拉丁语，平民使用英语。,45,-Thekettleboils.壶开了.(thekettle=thewaterinthekettle)-Grayhairsshouldberespected.(grayhair=oldpeople),46,Relatedquestions,1.WhatmakesupthecoreoftheEnglishlanguage?A.OldEnglishB.Anglo-SaxonEnglishC.OldEnglishorAnglo-SaxonEnglishD.Indo-Europeanparentlanguage,47,2.WhatisthecharacteristicofthosewordsthatformthecoreofEnglish?A.oddB.longC.complicatedD.short3.WhatisthefunctionofoldEnglishusedbygreatspeakers?A.toshowtheirknowledgeB.toencouragetheiraudienceC.forthethingsthatreallymattertous.D.tostirupthelistenersfeelings.,48,LanguageStudy,(Line22)necessity(n.):1)sth.youmusthaveinordertoliveproperlyordosth.(+of/for+n.)必要的东西，必须品Waterisabasicnecessityoflife.,49,2)thestateofbeingnecessary需要，必要性(+of/for+n.)-Necessityisthemotherofinvention.（谚）需要是发明之母。【考点】by/ofnecessity无法避免，不得已；outofnecessity出于需要，必定innecessity急需的，贫穷的,50,【记忆法】necessarya.必要的，必须的；必然的，不可避免的necessitiesn.生活必需品；necessarilyad.必要地；必然地；necessitatevt.使成为必要。例：Itsanunpopularmeasure,butthesituationnecessitatesit.这种方法不太常见，但形势使然，不得已而为之。,51,(Line26)arouse(vt.):provoke(aparticularfeelingorattitude)唤起，激起-Thespeakeraroused(theangerof)theaudience.演讲者激起了听众（的怒气）。,52,【考点】arouseanger/suspicions/discontent引起愤怒/怀疑/不满【典型考题】Ourhopes_andfellinthesameinstant.A.arousedB.aroseC.raisedD.rose【答案】D【解析】arouse意为“激起，唤起”，常作及物动词；arise为不及物动词，常表示“出现”、“产生”；raise是及物动词，表示“举起”，rise为不及物动词，表示“升起、上升”；该句中由and表对称和并列原则，可以判定应为rise。译文：我们希望刚刚燃起就破灭了。,53,surrender,1)vi.togiveoneselfup,astoanenemy投降，屈服：(与to连用)屈从于【经典例句】Weadvisedthehijackerstosurrenderthemselvestothepolice.我们劝那些劫持者向警察投案。2)vt.togiveuporabandon放弃或抛弃【经典例句】Youmustsurrenderyouroldpassportwhenapplyingforanewone.你申请新护照时，必须交出旧护照。,54,注意surrenderonesrighttosth.放弃对的权利；surrendertosb.对投降；surrenderunconditionally无条件投降【典型考题】Welovepeace,yetwearenotthekindofpeopletoyield_anymilitarythreat.(CET-4,1998.1)A.upB.toC.inD.at【答案】B【解析】固定搭配yieldto，所以选B。译文：我们热爱和平，但我们是一个不会对任何军事威胁屈服的民族。,55,(Line42)resemble(vt.):belikeorsimilarto与相似（不可用被动态，进行式）-Sheresembleshermotherincharacterbutnotinappearance.她的性格像母亲，但外表并不像。-Heresembleshisfatherclosely.,56,(Line43)descend(vi.):comedown(fromasource);godown(起源于；下来)-Theelevatordescendedslowly.电梯慢慢地下降。-Thepathdescendedsharply.这条小路下斜坡度很陡。-Theseideasdescendfromthoseoftheancientphilosophers.【考点】descendfrom从下来，是的后裔，源于；descendinto堕落到；descend(up)on降临，突然袭击,57,【典型考题】Wemanagedtoreachthetopofthemountain,andhalfanhourlaterwebeganto_.(CET-6,1997.1)A.ascendB.descendC.declineD.plunge【答案】B【解析】A.ascend上升，攀登；与题意不符；B.descend下降，是正确答案；C.decline也有由高到低之意，但主要是数目的减少力量的减弱，另外还有拒绝之意；D.plunge意为即将冲下。译文：我们成功到达了由顶，半小时后我们开始下山。,58,Driftvi,moveorgosomewhereinaslowcausalwayRightafterSpringFestival,millionsofyoungpeople_(从农村流入城市务工)Theboatdriftedouttothesea.,driftedfromthecountrysidetothecities,insearchofwork,59,Driftn,1.Therearedriftsofdeadleavesandbranchesinthestreet.2.Wemuststopthisdrifttowardswar.3.Icantquitecatchthedriftofwhatyouaresaying.,A.大意，主旨B.漂流物C.趋势，转移,60,collocation,Driftthroughlife虚度年华Driftwiththecurrent/tide随波逐流Driftfromto从到Synonyms:float,flowvtrend,tendencyn,61,(Line56)pass(sth.)onto(sb.):handorgive(sth.)on(sb.)将付给-Whenyouhavefinishedreadingthenovel,pleasepassitontoLaura.-Hergrandmapassedonmuchofherfortunetoher.,62,(Line73)alternative(n.):oneoftwoormorepossibilities(followedbyto)供选择的东西-Ihadnomoney,soIhadnoalternativetostaying(noalternativebuttostay)athome.我因为没有钱，所以除了待在家里别无选择。,63,(usedinthepattern:+of)-Wetookthealternativeofwalking.我们选择步行。,64,(Line76)modify(vt.):changeslightly修改，更改-Thetermsofthetransactioncanbemodified.交易的条件可以修改。-Thegovernmentauthoritiesmodifytheoriginalplan.,65,(Line82)habitual:doneasahabit,regular,usual惯常的-ahabituallatercomer惯常迟到的人。-sitinoneshabitualplace坐在某人习惯坐的地方。,66,(Line83)catastrophe(n.):asuddengreatdisaster大灾难-Tidalwaves,thecatastropheinwhichmanypeopledied.很多人死于海啸，这场大灾难中。,67,(Line89)putintopractice:将付诸实施-Howwillyouputyourplaninto(in)practice?-Theywerentallowedtoputintopracticeintheirdailylivestheteachingstheyreceived.,68,PartIII,RhetoricalDevice:Metaphor(暗喻)theculturalsoil(Line95)文化土壤thefirstshootssprangup(Line97)最初的根芽萌发,69,grewstronger(Line97)生长壮大buildfencesaroundtheirlanguage(Line97)建立语言保障thespecialpreserveofgrammarians(Line100)语法学家的特殊领域,70,Questions,WhatdoyouthinkofJespersensremark“TheEnglishlanguagewouldnothavebeenwhatitisiftheEnglishhadnotbeenforcenturiesgreatrespectersofthelibertiesofeachindividual”?Givereasons.,71,WhatdoyouthinkhasmadeEnglish“thefirsttrulygloballanguage”?,72,LanguageStudy,(Line94)strikeout:startbeingindependent开始独立，自谋生计-Afterworkingforhisfatherforabouttenyears,hedecidedtostrikeoutonhisown.,73,ThetownCouncilspentalotofmoneypreservingtheoldcastleandotherplacesofhistoricinterest.Icehelpstopreservefood.Preservedeggsareherfathersfavoritefood.,腌制保存维护,preserve,74,Preservern保护者Preservationn.保存，保持Preservativen.防腐剂【记忆法】pre(beforehand)+serve(tokeep)事先保存（引申为）保护，维持；易混词conservev.保存，保护；reservev.保留，预定n.预留物【考点】preserveonesdignity维护尊严；preservecustoms/tradition保持风俗习惯preserveonereputation保全名誉；preserveonesrightto维护权利,75,conserve,preserve,reserve,conserve意为“保护、保存”，往往指对某种珍贵的物品进行保存，并含有一旦用完将很难找到替代品之义；宾语多为能源、资源、力量等，但不以钱财为宾语；该词也可表示以糖渍的方法对食品进