介词+关系代词.ppt

music,Preposition+which/+whomATTIBUTIVE:FOLLOWME!,定语从句,介词+关系词的定义,当介词后的宾语提前做为先行词时，介词可以放在定语从句中，也可提前放于关系词前,Heistheperson_youspoketo,that/who/whom,Heistheperson_youspoke.,whom,Thisisthehouse_Ilivedin4yearsago,Thisisthehouse_Ilived4yago,that/which,which,to,in,Thecitywhichshelivesinisfaraway.,Themanwhomyouspoketoisourheadmaster.,Thefarmwhichweworkedontenyearsagoisbeautiful.,Thisisthetreewhichweusedtoplaygamesunder.,Thefarmonwhichweworkedtenyearsagoisbeautiful.,Themantowhomyouspokeisourheadmaster.,Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.,Thisisthetreeunderwhichweusedtoplaygames.,介词+关系词的功能,一、“介词+关系代词”结构在定语从句中主要起关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当状语。用在介词后的关系代词只有whom,which和whose三个，不能用that.二、介词后面的关系词不能省略。三、先行词时物时，介词后用关系词which，先行词是人时，介词后用关系词whom.四、表所属关系时用ofwhich/whom,Theboy_parentsarebothdoctorswonthefirstplaceintheexam.,whose,Theboytheparentsofwhomarebothdoctorswonthefirstplaceintheexam.,=ofwhomtheparents,关系副词when,where,why和介词+which之间的关系,关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which。,1.IwontforgetthedateonwhichIwasborn.2.ThisistheroominwhichIlived.3.Idontknowthereasonforwhichhehaventcometoday.4.TomstillremembersthedaysduringwhichtheylivedinTianjin.!5.HangzhouistheplacetowhichIwentlastyear.6.Irememberthedayonwhichmyfatherdied.Iwasonlytenyearsoldatthattime.,=when,=where,=why,=when,=where,=when,介词+关系词中介词的选择,根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词。根据从句中谓语动词或形容词搭配的需要来确定介词。根据从句句意的需要来确定介词。根据主从句搭配关系的需要来确定介词。,Themoney_whichyouweretobuydogfoodisgone.Hewillneverforgettheday_whichhefailedintheexam.Thisisthemountainvillage_whichIstayedlastyear.Illneverforgetthefarm_whichIworkedtogetherwithyou.,一、根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词,withthemoney用钱,on,with,in,on,ontheday在那天,inthemountainvillage在山村,onthefarm在农场,Heisreallytheperson_whomwehavealottolearn.Thegirl_whomyouaretalkingisworking.TheWestLake,_whichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.Theman_whomIshookhandsjustnowismydaughtersEnglishteacher.,二、根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定,learnfromsb.向某人学习,talkto/withsb.与某人交谈,befamousfor因为而闻名,shakehandswithsb.与某人握手,from,to/with,for,with,Air,_whichmancantlive,isreallyimportant.,三、根据定语从句句意或主从句的搭配关系来确定,Thepen_whichheiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.,Thisismypairofglasses,_whichIcannotseeclearly.Heisthegirl_whomyouwenttoconcertlastnight.,without,with,without,with,一般情况下，介词放在关系代词which和whom之前，也可放在动词后。,固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前.常见的这类动词短语有:lookfor/after/forwardto、carefor、takecareof、hearof/about/from,等.ThisistherightplaceImlookingfor.Thegirlwhomheislookingafterishissister.,介词+关系词中介词的位置,介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配),再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.,Tips,1.Doyoulikethebookonwhichshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookforwhichshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookformwhichshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebookaboutwhichsheoftentalks?,介词+关系代词的使用,5.ThemantowhomIspokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwriting.6.Glasses,withoutwhichIcantseeclearly,arereallyimportantforme.7.Chinaisabeautifulcountry,ofwhichweareproud.8.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?,Thisistheteacherwhosedaughterisafamousdoctor.=Thisistheteacherthedaughterofwhomisafamousdoctor.,1.名词+介词+关系代词,Wehavethreeforeignteachers,twoofwhomarefromCanada.,2.数词+介词+关系代词(含基数词.序数词.分数和百分数）,3.代词+介词+关系代词（代词有all、both、none、either、either、some、any等）,Theoldwomanhastwosons,bothofwhomareteachers.Ihavemanyfriends,someofwhomarefromChina.,4.形容词最高级+介词+关系代词,Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwanIsland.,5.介词+关系代词+名词,Hespentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehestudiedmedicine.,Lookatthesesentences!,Weboughtahouseinfrontof_thereisalake.Wehadabarbecueonthefarmbehind_wefoundawood.Mikereachedthepostoffice,ontherightof_henoticedasupermarket.,which,which,which,Theman_IshookhandsjustnowismydaughtersEnglishteacher.Adesertisagreatplain_nothingwillgrow.Hewastheman_roomthethiefhadstolenthebag.Thisismypairofglasses,_Icannotseeclearly.,withwhom,inwhich,fromwhose,withoutwhich,5.Thegirl_hespokemadenoanswer.6.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_aresoldabroad.7.Theyaskedmealotofquestions,many_Icouldntanswer.Twomen,_Ihadeverseenbefore,cameintomyoffice.我以前从未见过他们,neitherofwhom,towhom,ofwhich,ofwhich,9.Hegothisfirstsalary，_hegavetohisparents.其中一半10.Ourcountryhasmanyislands,_isTaiwan.其中最大的11.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_thesailingtimewas226days.,thelargestofwhich,halfofwhich,ofwhich,介词加关系代词的基本用法,Theman_youshookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.Theroom_myfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.Didyoufindthepen_Iwrotejustnow?Didyoufindthepaper_Iwrotemyletter?Didyoufindthecomposition_Iwrotejustnow?,withwhom,inwhich,withwhich,onwhich,which,Thefarmweworkedtenyearsagoisntwhatitusedtobe.Heisthemanyoucanturnforhelp.Thisisthetreeweusedtoplaygames.,onwhich,towhom,underwhich,onthefarm在农场,turntosb.forhelp向某人求助,underthetree在树下,Thesungivesusheatandlight,_wecantlive.,Thestudent_weweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.,Illneverforgettheday_shesaidgoodbyetome.,Whocangivemethereason_hehasntturnedupyet?,withoutwhich,aboutwhom,onwhich,forwhich,1.Theteacher_IlearntmostwasMrsZhu.2.Thisisthehouse_LuXunoncelived.Thereason_IcamehereisthatIwanttogetyourhelp.4.Thefellow_Ispokemadenoanswer.5.TheWestLake,_Hangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.,fromwhom,inwhich,forwhich,towhom,forwhich,Practice,1.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding_thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich2.Illneverforgettheday_IjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich3.Thewoman_mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoDwhom,C,A,B,4.Jeannewasheroldfriend,_sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom5.Hisglasses,_hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that6.sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom,B,C,D,7.Hebuiltatelescope_hecouldstudytheskies.A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit8.Doyouknowthereason_hewaslate?A.thatB.whichC.forwhatD.forwhich9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem,C,D,B,10.TheSecondWorldWar_millionsofpeoplewerekilledin1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich11.Chinahasmanyrivers,_theChangjiangRiveristhelongest.A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhich12.Thisistheveryknife_Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich,A,C,D,13.Thespeed_whichyoudriveyourcarmustnttoohigh.14.Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolour_whichisbrightandnice.15.Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,_whichtherearemanypictures.16.Whatwerethethings_whichhewasnottoosure?17.Theyheldameeting,_whichthehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.18.Thebook,_whichhepaid6yuan,isworthreading.,at,of,in,about,at,for,19.Isthistheman_whosehousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?20.Thevillagersdugalongtunnel_whichtheycouldgotothefieldswithoutbeingfoundbytheJapanesesoldiers.21.WuDong,_whomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.22.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,_whichthisisoneexample,arewellwritten.,in,through,with,of,Iwillneverforgettheday_Ifirstwenttoschool.状语Iwillneverforgettheday_wespentinBeijing.宾语Thehouse_wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.宾语Thehouse_Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.状语,when,(which/that),(which/that),where,Thereason_hedidntcometoschoolyesterdayisthathewasill.Thereason_hegaveisntbelievable.宾语,why,thatwhichx,1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what,考点一:that与which的区别,先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,no,something,anything等不定代词时，关系代词用that,4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom,先行词为人和物的组合，关系代词用that。若主句中有疑问代词who或which，为了避免重复,关系代词用that。,7.Whichwasthehotel_wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it,6.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it,先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时，关系代词用that。,5.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it,1.先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词.,2.先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时。,3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时。,4.先行词为人和物的组合。5.若主句中有疑问代词who或者which，为了避免重复,关系代词用that。,只用that的情况:,考点一:that与which的区别,1.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichBthatCthisD.it,只用which的情况:1.逗号后面2.介词后面,2.Theday_hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.AonwhichBthatCwhichD.this,一个句子,两个定语从句,为避免重复,一个用that,另一个用which.,LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrary_wasnewlyopentous.AthatBwhichCwhereDas,Anyone_breaksthelawispunished.Those_breakthelawarepunished.He_breaksthelawispunished.,在one,anyone,those指人时一般用“who”。he/she/I/they作先行词时,用“who”代替“that”.,考点二:that与who的区别,who,who,who,考点三:介词+关系代词,提醒:介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配；方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。,注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替。,1.Themanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.2.Theroominwhichmyfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.,ThemanisfromBeijingUniversity.Italkedabouthimatthemeeting.Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.,=ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.,关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。,但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。,Isthisthebook(which/that)youarelookingfor?,考点四：as与which引导的定语从句,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换,但下列情况多用as。1.当与such或thesame、so、as连用时，一般用as。SuchbooksasyoutellmeareinterestingIhavethesameplanasyou.2.as引导的从句可以放在句首,as本身有“正如,正象”之意，与之连用的词有know、see、expect、Announce、pointout等。Asweallknow,theearthisround.,1._