Human Factors-B6.ppt

HumanFactors人机工程学,ByRichard.Wei,DepartmentofIndustryDesign,SME,USTB,Chapter6HumanOutput&Control人体运动机能与控制,ByRichard.Wei,TheContentsofOutputandControl人体运动机能与控制,MotorSkills运动机能Controls控制器DataEntryDevices数字输入设备DisplayandControlCompatibility显示与控制设备的相关性HandleToolsandDevices手持工具设计,MotorSkills运动机能,运动系统的组成骨骼杠杆关节枢纽肌肉动力,肢体的力量范围,影响肢体力量的因素：肌肉的生理特征施力姿势施力部位施力方式施力方向,立姿直臂的拉力与推力,坐姿的蹬力：水平分布,坐姿的蹬力：垂直分布,MotorSkills运动机能,EnergyConsumption能量消耗ReactionTime反应时间MovementTime运动时间AccuracyofMovement运动精确性,EnergyConsumption能量消耗,CommonExamplesofEnergyCosts(Kcal/min),2.7,3.0,4.2,6.8,9.0,10.2,EnergyConsumption能量消耗,TheunitofEnergy:Kcal/minorKcal/day,GradesofworkRestVerylightLightModerateHeavyVeryheavyUndulyheavy,Kcal/min1.51.6-2.52.5-5.05.0-7.57.5-1010-12.512.5,Kcal/day6000,Heartrate/min60-7065-7575-100100-125125-150150-180180,FactorsAffectingEnergyConsumption影响能量消耗的因素,(1)MethodsofWork工作方式,1:1.03:1.09:1.14:1.29:1.44,RelativeEnergyCost,Doublepackheadrucksackricebagyokehands,FactorsAffectingEnergyConsumption影响能量消耗的因素,(2)WorkPosture工作姿势,FactorsAffectingEnergyConsumption影响能量消耗的因素,(3)ToolsDesign工具设计,(4)WorkRate工作强度,Shape:Handle:EnergyCost:,ShortLongLong,Efficiencyofshoveling,ReactionTime反应时,Factorsinfluencereactiontime:影响反应时的因素StimulusModality不同的感觉器官Stimulusdetectability刺激的强度Expectancyofasignal预先准备Stratificationofpeople人群属性Stimuluslocation刺激的位置,ChoiceReactionTime选择反应时,MovementTime运动时,Factorsinfluencemovementtime影响运动时的因素Directionofmovement运动方向Distanceandaccuracyrequired运动距离和运动精度,AccuracyofMovements运动精度,Factorsinfluenceaccuracyofmovement影响运动精度的因素Targetlocation目标方位Distanceofmovement运动距离Speedofmovement运动速度Continuouscontrolandtremor连续控制与颤抖,2.Controls控制器,GenericTypesofControls控制器的类型IdentificationofControls控制器的标识ResistanceinControls控制阻力,GenericTypesofControls控制器类型,Fortransmittingdiscreteinfo离散型,Fortransmittingtraditionalcontinuousinfo连续型,Fortransmittingcursorpositioninginfo定位型,IdentificationofControls控制器编码,Shapecoding形状Texturecoding纹理Sizecoding尺寸Locationcoding位置Colorcoding色彩Labelcoding标签OperationalMethod操作方式,Standardshape-codedknobsforUSA.F.美国空军标准形状编码控制器,增压器,汽化器,熄火器,着陆板,反动器,着陆轮,Texturecodingofcontrols纹理编码控制器,smooth,fluted,knurled,Concentricallymountedknobs同心安装的控制器,Thickness1.9cm,1.3cm,1.6cm,Example:BRFUJIPanelDesign控制面板设计,3.DataEntryDevices-AlphabeticKeyboards键盘布局,CurrentQWERTYkeyboard,Dvoraksimplifiedkeyboard,Example:keyboardLayoutDesign键盘形式设计,3.DataEntryDevices-NumericKeyboards数字键盘,4.Displayandcontrolcompatibility显示器与控制器的相关性,3,Example:elevatorbuttonsdesign电梯按钮设计,a,b,c,Example:Stovebuttondesign炉口与控制器设计,SpatialCompatibility空间相关性,5.HandleToolsandDevices手持工具设计,手的解剖学特征不良工作工具与姿势导致的手部疾病手持工具设计原则手持工具设计举例,Theanatomyofthehand手的解剖学特征,不良工作工具与姿势导致的手部疾病,尺偏、掌屈和腕外转腱鞘炎非顺直姿势腕道综合症桡偏、掌内转和背屈肱骨外踝炎（网球肘）手指反复动作狭窄性腱鞘炎（扳机指）,Principlesofhandtools&devicesdesign手持工具设计原则-1,Maintainastraightwrist保持手腕顺直,Principlesofhandtools&devicesdesign手持工具设计原则-2,Avoidtissuecompressionstress避免掌部组织受压,Principlesofhandtools&devicesdesign手持工具设计原则-3,Avoidrepetitivefingeraction避免手指重复动作,Principlesofhandtools&devicesdesign手持工具设计原则-4,Designforsafeoperation操作安全Rememberwomenandlef