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A287 绿化 洒水车 设计 车架 改造 悬架 校核

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车辆与动力工程学院毕业论文三吨绿化洒水车设计（车架改造及后悬架校核）摘 要绿化洒水车具有除尘、清洁路面、植被和降温等作用，是城市绿化建设和卫生建设的专用汽车，随着人们对环境要求的不断提高，具有良好的市场前景。这次设计的绿化洒水车（三吨载重），是在选择通用二类底盘的基础上，对它作了一些改动。在设计中，主要完成了变速箱总成的改动，取力器总成的设计、水管总成的设计、水箱总成的设计和各总成的位置布置，而且保证了改动后的洒水车具有良好的动力性、操纵稳定性和行驶平稳性。在总体设计中，参考了专用汽车的一般改装原则和要求，按照改装要求，结合选择的通用底盘，主要完成了各总成具体位置的安排、前后轴轴荷的合理分配、随车质心位置的确定和主车架的改装工作。在确定随车质心位置和前后轴轴荷分配时主要计算了各总成的质量和质心位置，然后用公式计算出洒水车整体的质心位置和前后轴轴荷，并根据设计要求进行了验证；车架改动中主要确定了联接件和车架的联接形式，然后根据强度计算改装车架是否满足设计要求，因为后轴的载荷较大，主要计算了后悬架的强度和轮胎的负荷状况。最后校核主要联接件螺栓（副车架和主车架联接螺栓以及水泵底座和主车架联接螺栓）的强度，保证主要部件的可靠性。关键词：底盘，车架，悬架，轴荷VMODIFICATION DESIGN OF FRAME AND CHECK REAR SUSPENSION OF GREENING SPRINKLER (THREE TONS LOAD)ABSTRACTGreening Sprinkler is used to dust, clean road, vegetation and cooling. Greening sprinkler is special purpose vehicle which is used for city building and health building.Because people need a good environment, it has good market prospects.The design for greening sprinkler (three tons load) is choosed a common chassis which is made some changes. In the design, the main designs are gearbox assemblys changes, tank assemblys design and the location of the assembly layout; it has also ensured that the changes for sprinkler have good momentum, handling, stability and smoothness of ride. In the design, the reference is the Special Purpose Vehicle modification of the general principles and requirements.And in accordance with modified requirements, with the common choice of chassis, mainly completed each assembly of the centroid location、distributing front and rear the axle load with a reasonable distribution、converting the main frame . In determining the centroid position of the vehicle and front or rear axle load distribution, the important thing is the calculation of the each assembly and the centroid location, then using the formula calculated overall sprinkler centroid locations and axles load distribution, at end checked the results in accordance with the design requirements. In the frames changes, working out the connect strength between the frame and sub-frame and do some strength check. Because the rear axle load is larger, mainly checking rear suspensions strength and the tire load. At last work checked major pieces of bolt connecting, (bolts between the frame and sub-frame or bolts between the water pump and the base), and ensure the reliability of the main components.KEY WORDS: chassis, frame, suspension, load 目 录第一章 前言.1第二章 洒水车总体设计.32.1设计的特点和要求 .32.1.1专用汽车设计的要求.32.1.2总体布置的要求.42.1.3总体参数的要求.42.2 车型选择和各总成参数的确定.62.2.1车型的选择.62.2.2 各总成参数的确定的依据.62.3各总成质量的计算.72.3.1原车底盘到前轴距离的计算.72.3.2水管总成质量的计算.72.3.3工作台质量的计算.72.3.4水箱总成质量的计算.82.4 轴荷和质心位置的确定.92.5主车架改装注意事项.112.6主要部件的校核.122.6.1 后轮负荷的校核.122.6.2 后悬架钢板弹簧的校核