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MmZLc3LN7ijMcBjSS6Y4uhUltrasonics 38 (2000) 7276www.elsevier.nl/locate/ultrasOne-dimensional longitudinaltorsional vibration converterwith multiple diagonally slitted partsJiromaru Tsujino*, Tetsugi Ueoka, Kenichi Otoda, Atsushi FujimiFaculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, Yokohama 221-8686, JapanAbstractFor increasing the available vibration velocity of the one-dimensional longitudinaltorsional vibration converter, a new typeof complex vibration converter with multiple slitted parts installed in the positions avoiding longitudinal nodal positions alongthe converter for decreasing the maximum vibration stress level at the vibration nodal part was studied. The free end of theconverter vibrates in an elliptical or circular locus. Complex vibration systems with elliptical to circular or rectangular to squareloci can be applied effectively for various high-power applications, including ultrasonic welding of metal or plastics, ultrasonicwire bonding of IC, LSI and electronic devices, and also ultrasonic motors. The converter with multiple slitted parts was improvedin the vibration stress level and the quality factor compared with the converter with single slitted part. 2000 Elsevier ScienceB.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Circular vibration locus; Complex vibration; Complex vibration ultrasonic welding; Longitudinaltorsional vibration converter;Ultrasonic motor; Ultrasonic plastic welding; Vibration converter with diagonal slits1. Introductionvibration characteristics because the maximum vibrationstress along the converter is decreased in comparison tothe converter with a slitted part, and the maximumComplex vibration systems with elliptical to circularvibration amplitude of the converter increases signifi-or rectangular to square loci are effective for variouscantly. Vibration locus, and vibration velocity and phasehigh-power applications. A one-dimensional longitudi-distributions along the converter were measured by twonaltorsional vibration converter with a slitted part atlaser Doppler vibrometers. The new-type converterslongitudinal vibration nodal area driven by a longitudi-were used for ultrasonic plastic welding and ultrasonicnal vibration system is useful for high-power applica-motors.tions including ultrasonic welding of various materials,The maximum available vibration velocity increasedultrasonic wire bonding of bonding of IC, LSI andsignificantly with the new converter. Welding character-electronic devices, and also ultrasonic motors 14. Aistics of plastic materials were improved by the complexnew type of converter with multiple slitted parts, forvibration converter.improving the vibration characteristics and increasingThe longitudinal and torsional vibration amplitudesthe available vibration velocity of the converter, isof a 15 mm diameter of a new converter for an ultrasonicstudied. The slitted parts are installed in multiple posi-motor increased to about 12 mm (peak-to-zero value)tions avoiding longitudinal nodal positions along thefrom 6 mm with a former converter under the sameconverter for decreasing the maximum vibration stressdriving voltage 60 Vrms at 55 kHz.level at the vibration nodal part. Using multiple slittedThe converter with multiple slitted parts was foundparts, the maximum vibration stress along a converterto be effective for improving the vibration characteristicsdecreases and the quality factor increases, and theand increasing the available complex vibration velocity.maximum vibration amplitude increases significantly atthe same driving voltage 5. The converter has superior2. Configurations of vibration converters* Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-45-481-5661;Configurations of two examples of the vibrationfax: +81-45-491-7915.E-mail address: tsujinocc.kanagawa-u.ac.jp (J. Tsujino)converters 20 mm in diameter and 79 mm in length, with0041-624X/00/$ - see front matter 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.PII: S0041-624X(99)00175-473J. Tsujino et al. / Ultrasonics 38 (2000) 72764. Complex vibration ultrasonic plastic welding4.1. Vibration characteristics of a complex vibrationconvertersFig. 2 shows the relationship between driving fre-quency and longitudinal and torsional vibration velocityof a complex vibration system with the vibration con-verter (a). The driving voltage is kept constant at20 Vrms. Longitudinal and torsional vibration velocitieshave maximum values at different frequencies at around26.3 and 26.4 kHz. The elliptical locus is obtained atthe free edge of the converter.Torsional and radial vibration velocity distributionsat 26.8 kHz along a complex vibration converter withFig. 1. Various one-dimensional longitudinal to torsional vibrationdouble slitted parts (a) and (b) are shown in Fig. 3. Oneconverters with double slitted parts.torsional vibration velocity nodal part is within a leftslitted area, and the vibration velocities have maximumvalues at the free edge.The radial vibration velocity distribution along aslitted parts that were installed avoiding a longitudinalcomplex vibration converter with double slitted partsnodal part, are shown in Fig. 1. The cylindrical longitu-dinaltorsional vibration converters, made of aluminumalloy (JISA7075B), had two slitted parts on both sidesof a longitudinal vibration nodal part at its circumfer-ence. The converters were driven by a longitudinalvibration source. Various converters with (a) differentand (b) the same angle diagonally slitted parts weremade in the trials. The vibration converter part had 18diagonal slits of 45 or 135, 10 mm width and 0.5 mmwidthwerecut alongitscircumferenceusinganelectrosparking machine. The slit depth was altered from1.0 to 3.0 mm. The free edge part of the convertervibrated longitudinally and torsionally and vibrated inan elliptical locus.Fig. 2. Torsional and radial vibration velocity distributions along com-plex vibration converters (a) and (b). Driving voltage: 20 Vrms.3. Vibration characteristics of the converters with twoslitted partsThe free admittance loops of the total vibrationsystems with the converters Fig. 1(a) and (b) weremeasured. The quality factor and motional admittance,|Ymo|, of the vibration system with a converter withdifferent angle slitted parts (a) and the same angle slittedparts (b) were about 600 and 30 mS under weldingconditions of two 1.0 mm thick polypropyrene sheetswith a static pressure of 890 kPa. The admittance loopsof the vibration system with the converters show singlecircular shapes because the resonance frequencies of thelongitudinal and torsional vibrations are close. Thequality factors and motional admittances of the bothFig. 3. Relationship between driving frequency, and longitudinal andsystems are large. Elliptical loci were obtained at thetorsional vibration velocity of a complex vibration system with a vibra-tion converter (A). Driving voltage: 20 Vrms.free edges of the converters.74J. Tsujino et al. / Ultrasonics 38 (2000) 7276(a) is also shown in Fig. 3 (dotted line). A radialand double slitted parts. In the case of the converterwith single slitted part, the slitted part is positioned atvibration velocity maximum position means a longitudi-a nodal position of the longitudinal vibration along thenal vibration nodal position, and the longitudinal nodalcylindrical longitudinaltorsional vibration converters.position is positioned between two slitted parts. TheOn the contrary, in the case of the converter with twotwo slitted areas exist out of the longitudinal nodalslitted parts, the slitted parts are positioned avoidingposition where the vibration stress has a maximum valuethe longitudinal vibration nodal position. The converteralong the converter.with diagonal slits is driven by a longitudinal vibrationsource of two piezoelectric ceramic (leadzircontita-4.2. Welding characteristics of complex vibrationnate; PZT) disks, 15 mm in diameter and 5.0 mm inultrasonic plastic weldingthickness. The vibration converter slitted part has 12diagonal slits of 45 or 135 and 0.5 mm in width and 10The relationship between welding time, specimenor 5 mm in length, cut by an electrosparking machinedeformed thickness at the welded parts and the weldalong the circumference of these converters fabricatedstrength of the lapped polypropyrene sheets (1.0 mm infrom aluminum alloy (JISA7075B). The slit depths ofthickness), welded using a 27 kHz complex vibrationthe 15 mm diameter converter are altered from 1.5 tosystem with a converter (a) and (b), is shown in Fig. 4.3.5 mm. The free edge of the converter vibrates longitu-The weld strengths obtained by the system with con-dinally and torsionally and vibrates in an elliptical locus.verter (a) are larger than those with a converter (b).The PZT longitudinal vibration transducers, a longi-The welding time required becomes shorter using thetudinal vibration rod with a flange for supporting thevibration system (a) with a larger torsional vibrationmotor and a slitted cylinder are clamped by a connectingcomponent. The decrease in specimen deformed thick-bolt. The driving part of the converter and the rotorness at the welded parts roughly corresponds to thepart are statically pressed using corned disk springs byobtained weld strength. Specimens were welded in aa center bolt and nuts. The driving surfaces of theshorter welding time using a complex vibration systemconverter (JISA7075B) and the rotor (steel: SKD-61 orcompared with a longitudinal vibration system. ComplexSK-4: tempered) are ground to be flat and smooth usingvibration is effective for ultrasonic welding of plastic15002000 mesh polishing powder.materials as for metal materials.5.2. Vibration characteristics of 15 mm diameterultrasonic motors5. Ultrasonic motors with a longitudinaltorsionalconverterThe longitudinal and torsional vibration amplitudesat the free edge of these converters were measured by5.1. Configuration of ultrasonic motorstwo laser Doppler vibrometers when the driving fre-quency was altered. These converters have near-reso-The configurations of the ultrasonic motors andnance frequencies of the longitudinal and torsionalvibration converters, 15 mm in diameter, are shown invibrations similar to Fig. 2. The largest longitudinalFig. 5. Fig. 5(a) and (b) show the configurations ofvibration amplitudes of the converter of single and two15 mm diameter motors using a converter with singleslitted parts without a rotor part were about 6 and12 mm (peak-to-zero value) at frequencies of 5055 kHz.The largest longitudinal vibration amplitudes of theseconverters with a rotor part are about 3 and 9 mm atfrequencies near to 55 kHz. The largest vibration ampli-tudes of a converter with double slitted parts are abouttwo to three times compared with the amplitudes of aconverter with single slitted part.5.3. Vibration loci at the driving surface of the converterIn these cases, the longitudinal vibration is partiallyconverted to torsional vibration at the slitted parts, andthe cylinder part of the converter vibrates longitudinallyand torsionally. The vibration locus at the free edge isdetermined by the vibration phase difference betweenFig. 4. Relationship between welding time, deformed weldment heightthese vibrations. Vibration loci at the driving surfacesand weld strength of the lapped polypropyrene sheets (1.0 mm in thick-of longitudinaltorsional converters were measuredness), weldedusing a 27 kHz complexvibration systemwith a converter(a) and (b).using two laser Doppler vibrometers (20 MHz) that75J. Tsujino et al. / Ultrasonics 38 (2000) 7276Fig. 5. Configurations of 15 mm diameter ultrasonic motors using a longitudinaltorsional vibration converter with single slitted part (a) anddouble slitted parts (b).detect longitudinal and torsional vibrations indepen-length of the ultrasonic motor of 15 mm diameter in thedriving frequency 55.1 kHz (without a rotor) anddently. The vibration locus is shown on a digital memoryoscilloscope screen as a Lissajous figure. Fig. 6 shows54.26 kHz (with a rotor). The vibration locus amplitudeat the driving surfaces of converter decreases slightlythe vibration loci at the driving surfaces of converterswith double slitted parts of 3.3 mm depth and 5 mmwhen the ultrasonic motor rotates.Fig. 6. Vibration loci at a driving part of a 15 mm diameter converter with and without a rotor part.76J. Tsujino et al. / Ultrasonics 38 (2000) 72766. Conclusionmaterials.The15 mmdiameterultrasonicmotor,together with a converter with double slitted parts,rotated at over 300 rpm.For increasing the available vibration velocity of thecomplex vibration converter, a new type of converterThe converters with multiple slitted parts were foundto be effective for improving the vibration characteristicswith multiple slitted parts was studied.This converter has multiple slitted parts that areand increasing the available complex vibration velocity.installed in multiple positions, avoiding nodal positionsalong the converter for decreasing the maximum vibra-tion stress level at the vibration node part. The weldingReferencescharacteristics of ultrasonic plastic welding using com-plex vibrations were studied. Also, 15 mm diameter1 J. Tsujino, T. Ueoka, T. Shiraki, K. Hasegawa, R. Suzuki, M.ultrasonic motors using converters with double slittedTakeuchi, Proc. Int. Congress on Acoustics (1995) 447450.parts were tested.2 J. Tsujino, Proc. IEEE 1995 Ultrasonics Symp., IEEE, New York,The longitudinal vibration nodal part was located1996, pp. 10511060.between two slitted parts of the converters. The driving3 J. Tsujino, T. Uchida, K. Yamano, T. Iwamoto, T. Ueoka, Proc.2nd World Congress on Ultrasonics, Yokohama, Japan (1997)surface of the converter and the ultrasonic motor with152153.double slitted parts vibrated at higher vibration velocities4 J. Tsujino, T. Uchida, K. Yamano, T. Iwamoto, T. Ueoka, Proc.than those with a single slitted part at the same driv-IEEE1997UltrasonicsSymp.,IEEE,NewYork,1998,ing voltage.pp. 855860.The converter with double slitted parts significantly5 J. Tsujino, T. Ueoka, Proc. IEEE 1999 Ultrasonics Symp., IEEE,New York, 1999, pp. 723728.improved the ultrasonic welding characteristics of plastic河南理工大学万方科技学院本科毕业设计（论文）中期检查表指导教师： 郑建新 职称： 副教授 所在院（系）： 机械与动力工程学院 教研室（研究室）机制教研室 题 目带式输送机驱动装置设计学生姓名郜卫鹏专业班级07机制2班 学号0720150081一、选题质量：（主要从以下四个方面填写：1、选题是否符合专业培养目标，能否体现综合训练要求；2、题目难易程度；3、题目工作量；4、题目与生产、科研、经济、社会、文化及实验室建设等实际的结合程度）郜卫鹏选的该题目为带式输送机驱动装置设计，主要涉及减速器的设计，滚筒与联轴器的设计等，该设计与该同学本科阶段所学专业知识联系紧密，符合专业培养目标，题目的难易程度与工作量都比较适中，该题目与日常生产、科研等实际结合程度非常大，在做该设计时，需要查阅各种资料，完成很多的难题。通过这次设计的锻炼能够很大程度的锻炼学生的综合运用知识的能力，为以后在这方面的创新打下结实的基础。二、开题报告完成情况： 该同学认真分析了选题，通过调查和亲自去工厂里实习，非常明确自己的课题设计方向与内容，在实习中通过对输送机的驱动装置认真分析，开题报告完成的比较好。三、阶段性成果： 1、本次设计的实习报告与开题报告已经完成，设计方案及内容已经确定。 2、大部分零件的设计已经完成，个别零件图也已完成局部装配图与设计 说明书正在进行中。 3、英文文献的翻译基本完成。四、存在主要问题： 1、因专业知识薄弱，部分零件分析部分有困难。 2、因CAD操作水平有限，装配图的绘制困难比较大。五、指导教师对学生在毕业实习中，劳动、学习纪律及毕业设计（论文）进展等方面的评语郜卫鹏同学在这次设计中表现的非常勤奋，认真。实习时遇到的与设计相同或是相关的内容时都能够虚心向工人师傅请教很多问题。平时的设计过程中每当遇到问题都及时的查阅资料，请教老师，表现的非常认真，毕业设计的进展较快，能够按时完成。指导教师： （签名） 年 月 日2安装有许多对角裂缝零件的一维纵扭振动转换器Jiromaru Tsujino*, Tetsugi Ueoka, Kenichi Otoda, Atsushi FujimiFaculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan摘要：为了提高一维纵扭振动转换器可得到的振动速度，对旨在减少振动节点部分的最大振动应力水平并且要避免安装在转换器的纵向节点位置的带有许多裂缝的零件的新型的复杂振动转换器进行了研究。转换器的自由端以椭圆或圆形轨迹振动。带有从椭圆形到圆形或者从长方形到正方形轨迹的复杂振动系统可有效应用于需要大功率的场合，包括金属或者塑料的超声波焊接，超声波焊线的集成电路，大规模集成电路和装置和超声波马达。安装有许多带裂缝部件的转换器比只安装一个带有裂缝零件的转换器在振动应力水平和品质因数方面会得到提高。关键词：圆形振动轨迹 复杂的振动 复杂振动超声波焊接 纵扭振动转换器 超声波马达 超声波塑料焊接 带有对角裂缝的振动转换器1.简介带有从椭圆形到圆形或者从长方形到正放形位点的复杂振动系统适用于大功率场合的使用。在纵向振动节点区域安装有一个裂缝零件且由纵向振动系统驱动的一维纵扭振动转换器适用于大规模场合的应用，这些场合包括：各种材料的超声波焊接，超声波焊线的集成电路，大规模集成电路和装置和超声波马达。为了提高振动的优点和增加转换器的可获得振动速度，对带有许多裂缝零件的新型转换器做了研究。裂缝零件可以安装在许多位置，但是要避免安装在纵向节点位置处以便减少振动节点部分的最大应力振动数值。使用很多裂缝零件可以使最大振动应力和质量因数增加，同时在相同的驱动电压下最大振动振幅会明显增大。这种转换器由很突出的优点，因为和只有一个裂缝零件的转换器相比，其最大振动应力较小，而且这种振动器的最大振动振幅会明显增加。沿着转换器分布的振动轨迹，振动速度和相分布可以通过激光多普勒测振仪进行测量。这种新型的转换器用于超声波塑料焊接和超声波马达中。这种新型转换器可获得的最大振动速度会显著增加。使用复杂的振动转换器可以使塑的焊接优点得以提高。超声波马达声使用的15mm直径的新型振动器的纵扭振动幅和以前的转换器相比，在相同的驱动电压60v,55kHz条件下，会从6um增加到将近12um.安装有多缝隙零件的转换器在提高振动的优点和增加可得到的复杂振动速度方面是很有效的。2振动转换器的构造两个直径为20mm，长度为79mm的振动转换器的构造如图1所示，而且这两种转换器在除了纵向节点部分外安装有裂缝零件。用铝合金（JISA7075B）制造的圆柱形纵扭转换器在圆周的纵向振动节点部分的两端安装有两个裂缝零件。转换器由纵向振动源驱动。在实验中使用了具有相同角度和不同角度对角裂缝零件的各种转换器。振动转换器有18个呈45或135的对角裂缝，这些10mm宽，0.5mm宽的裂缝是用电火花机床加工出来的。裂缝深度从1.0mm到30.mm之间变化。转换器的自由端部分以纵扭的方式振动并且轨迹呈椭圆形。图1，安装有一对裂缝零件的不同的一维纵扭振动转换器3带有两个裂缝零件的转换器的振动特点对转换器的整个振动系统的自由进入循环进行了测量。具有不同角度裂缝零件（a）和具有相同角度裂缝零件（b）的质量因数Ymo，在890Kpa的稳定压力条件下焊接，其数值大致是600和30ms。由于纵向振动和扭转振动的共振频率很接近，所以转换器振动系统的进入循环显示出单一的圆形。两个系统的质量因数是很大的。在转换器的自由边沿可以得到椭圆位点。4复杂振动超声波塑料焊接4.1复杂振动转换器的振动特点图2显示了驱动频率和带有复杂振动系统的振动转换器的扭转振动速度之间的关系。驱动电压稳定在20V。扭转振动速度在26.3kHz和26.4kHz附近的不同频率处有最大的数值。在转换器的自由边沿会出现椭圆的轨迹。带有一对裂缝零件的复杂振动转换器，在频率为26.8kHz时，其扭转径向的振动速度分布如图3所示。扭转振动速度的节点部分通常位于左侧的裂缝区域，并且振动速度在自由边沿达到最大数值。图2，沿着（a)和（b)复杂振动转换器扭转径向振动速度的分布。驱动电压为20V。图3，带有复杂振动系统的振动转换器（A)驱动频率和纵扭振动速度之间的关系。驱动电压为20V。带有一对裂缝零件的复杂振动转换器的径向振动速度分布也可以用图3所示。径向振动速度最大位置处也即纵向振动节点位置，并且纵向节点位置位于两裂缝零件之间。在径向节点位置处转换器的应力分布有一个最大数值，然而两个裂缝区域并不存在于这个位置。4.2复杂振动超声波塑料焊接的焊接特点焊接时间，焊接部分试件的变形厚度和用频率为27kHz带有复杂振动系统的转换器（a）和（b）搭接的聚丙烯板的强度之间的关系如图4所示。通过转换器（a）所得到的焊接强度要大于通过转换器（b）所得到的强度。由于（a）中振动系统有一个更大的扭转振动元件，相比之下，其所需的焊接时间要短。在焊接部分试件变形厚度的减少通常和所得的强度是一致的。和带有纵向振动系统的转换器相比，带有复杂振动系统的转换器焊接工件的时间要短。复杂振动既对金属材料的焊接有效，又适用于塑料的超声波焊接。5带有扭转转换器的超声波马达5.1超声波马达的构造图4，焊接时间，变形焊接高度和搭