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Mechanical Engineering EnglishLesson 1 Modern Manufacturing EngineeringAWhat Is Manufacturing Maybe youve never thought about it before, but it is all around you. It affects every part of your life. What is it? In this case, “it” is manufacturing. Actually “manufacturing” is not all around you. But manufactured products are. Look around you right now. Name some things you see that were manufactured. Chairs, notebooks, blue jeans, books, floor tile, chalkboards, light bulbs, pencils, eyeglassesnearlyeverything around you was manufactured.The manufacturing industry is important to our society. Its essential to our economy. An economy is a system for producing and distributing products and services. Many people work in manufacturing. They help produce products. And they buy products with the money they earn. The more products people buy, the more products are manufactured. And this allows more people to work. Manufacturing is also important to the economy in another way. A piece of material is worth more after its been changed into a useful product. Thats added value. Value is increased by the manufacturing process.B. Modern Manufacturing A manufacturing industry needs three basic types of resources: Material resources, Human resources, Capital resources. The elements of industry are seven key steps for organizing production: Research and Development, Production Tooling, Production Planning and Control, Quality Control, Personnel Management, Manufacturing, Marketing. R&D is the planning of new products, processes, or materials and the improvement of old skill. R&D is such a large, important part of the industrial world and requires many people with different talents. Production Tooling is the element of industry concerned with these tools. The PT obtains the tools, machines, and equipment needed to make a product. The most important parts of Production Planning and Control are routing, scheduling, dispatching, and plan layout. The machinery and equipment must be arranged so that production can take place smoothly, without wasted time and effort. Quality Control can be defined as those activities which prevent defective articles. In this way management tries to insure that a product will be acceptable to the buyer. Marketing is the process of getting products from those who make them to those who use them and it helps to deliver the right kinds of goods to us, in the right form and amount, at the time and price.Lesson 2 Mechanical Engineering Design Mechanical engineering design is a major segment of engineering, it deals with the conception, design, development, refinement, and application of machines and mechanical apparatus of all kinds. For many students, mechanical engineering design is one of their first professional engineering courses. Professional engineering is concerned with obtaining solutions to practical problems, and the engineers are able to devise better solutions to practical problems. The most problems in mechanical engineering design do not have a single right answer. Hence, modern mechanical engineers are able to produce distinctly better solutions to meet todays needs. The engineer must use the best available scientific understanding together with empirical information, good judgment. When considering a complete machine, the engineer invariably finds that the requirements and constraints of the various components are interrelated. The modern engineer has become increasingly concerned with the broader considerations of safety, ecology, and overall “quality of life.”Good designs require trying new ideas and being willing to take a certain amount of risk, knowing that if the new idea does not work the existing method can be reinstated. Thus a designer must have patience, since there is no assurance of success for the time and effort expanded. Creating a completely new design generally requires that many old and well-established methods be thrust aside. This is not easy since many people cling to familiar ideas, techniques and attitudes. A design engineer should constantly search for ways to improve an existing product and must decide what old, proven concepts should be used and what new, untried ideas should be incorporated.New designs generally have “bugs” or unforeseen problems which must be worked out before the superior characteristics of the new design can be enjoyed. Thus there is a chance for a superior product, but only at higher risk. It should be emphasized that, if a design does not warrant radical new methods, such methods should not be applied merely for the sake of change.During the beginning stages of design, creativity should be allowed to flourish without a great number of constraints. Even though many impractical ideas may arise, it is usually easy to eliminate them in the early stages of design before firm details are required by manufacturing. In this way, innovative ideas are not inhibited. Quite often, more than one design is developed, up to the point where they can be compared against each other. It is entirely possible that the design which is ultimately accepted will use ideas existing in one of the rejected designs that did not show as much overall promise.Another important point which should be recognized is that a design engineer must be able to communicate ideas to other people if they are to be incorporated. Communicating the design to others is the final, vital step in the design process. Undoubtedly many great designs, inventions, and creative works have been lost to mankind simply because the originators were unable or unwilling to explain their accomplishments to others. Presentation is a selling job. The engineer, when presenting a new solution to administrative, management, or supervisory persons, is attempting to sell or to prove to them that this solution is a better one. Unless this can be done successfully, the time and effort spent on obtaining the solution have been largely wasted. 英文文献翻译学 生 姓 名： 学 院： 专业及班级： 学 号： 指导教师： 2011年 4月 25 日机械工程英语 第1课现代制造工程 A.什么是制造业 也许你从来没有想过这个问题之前，但它是你周围的一切。它影响着你生活的一部分。是什么呢？在这种情况下，“它”是制造业。其实“制造”是不是你周围的一切。而是人为制造的产品。现在看看你周围。名称有些事情你看到这些制造。椅子，笔记本电脑，蓝色牛仔裤，书籍，地板砖，黑板，灯泡，铅笔，眼镜，近周围的一切你是制造。 制造业是香港的重要的社会。这对于我们的经济。一个经济体是生产和销售的产品和服务体系。许多人工作在制造业。他们帮助生产的产品。他们用这些钱购买他们赚的产品。人们购买的产品越多，越产品的生产。这让更多的人来工作。制造业也是重要的另一种方式的经济。甲片的材料后，更是值得它被改变成一个有用的产品。这就是附加值。价值是增加了生产过程。 二现代制造 一个制造业的资源需要三个基本类型：物质资源，人力资源，资本资源。 工业的七个关键要素是组织生产步骤：研究，开发，生产模具，生产计划与控制，质量控制，人事管理，制造，营销。 研发新产品，工艺或材料，旧技术的改进计划。 RD是这么大，工业世界的重要组成部分，需要与不同的人才很多人。 生产工具是工业元素与这些工具有关。在PT获得的工具，机器和设备需要做出的产品。 生产计划与控制最重要的部分是路由，调度，调度，并规划布局。机械及设备，必须使生产安排，可以进行顺利，没有浪费时间和精力。 质量控制可以被定义为那些活动，防止缺陷的文章。在尝试这种方式管理，以确保产品将可以接受的买家。 营销是让那些谁使他们对那些谁使用它们，有助于提供各种货物的权利给我们，在正确的方式和数额，时间及价格，产品的过程。 第2课机械工程设计 机械工程设计是工程的主要部分，它涉及的概念，设计，开发，改进和应用机器及各种机械设备。对于许多学生，机械工程设计是他们的第一个专业的工程课程之一。专业工程关注的是获得解决实际问题，工程师们能够设计出更好的解决实际问题。在机械工程设计中的大多数问题没有唯一正确的答案。因此，现代机械工程师能够产生显着更好的解决方案，以满足今天的需要。工程师必须使用现有的最佳科学信息的理解以及经验，良好的判断力。当考虑一个完整的机器，工程师都认为，要求和约束是相互关联的各个组成部分。现代工程师已越来越多地安全，生态，更广泛的考虑和整体有关“生活质量”。 好的设计需要尝试新的想法并愿意采取了一定的风险，因为他们知道如果新的观点并不工作中存在的方法可以恢复。因此，设计者必须要有耐心，因为没有时间和扩大的努力取得成功的保证。创建一个全新的设计，通常需要许多旧的和行之有效的方法，将重点放在一边。这并不容易，因为许多人抱着熟悉的想法，技巧和态度。设计工程师必须不断寻找方法来改进现有产品，必须决定哪些旧的，成熟的概念，应使用什么新的，未经试验的想法应该被纳入。 新的设计通常有“错误”或之前，必须制定新设计出来的优良特性，可享有不可预见的问题。因此，有一个优越的产品的机会，但只有在较高的风险。应该强调的是，如果设计不保证激进的新方法，这种方法不能申请的改变而而已。 在设计的开始阶段，创意应该允许繁荣没有大量的约束。尽管许多不切实际的想法可能发生时，通常很容易消除在设计的早期阶段，他们之前是由公司生产所需的细节。通过这种方式，创新的思想不是抑制。很多时候，一个以上的设计，开发，到那里他们可以相互比较点。这是完全可能的是，最终设计将接受使用心得在被拒绝的设计，没有太多的整体表现为一个现有的承诺。 另一项重要的一点，应该承认的是，设计工程师必须能够与其他人交流意见，如果他们要纳入。传达给其他人设计的最后，在设计过程中的重要一步。毫无疑问，许多伟大的设计，发明和创新工程已失去了人类仅仅是因为创始人是无法或不愿解释他们的成就给其他人。演讲是一个销售的工作。这位工程师，当提出一个新的解决方案，行政，管理或监督人，正试图出售或向他们证明这个解决方案是一个更好的。除非这是可以做到成功，获得的时间和精力花在解决方案已经在很大程度上浪费了。湖 南 农 业 大 学全日制普通本科生毕业设计 液压叉车液压系统及结构设计3 TON FORKLIFT TR