长沙理工大学汽车专业英语部分习题翻译.docx

aa mechanical allowing the wheels to rotate at different speeds 一个允许车轮按不同速度旋转的机械装置a pistion inside an airtight cylinder 密封汽缸中的活塞a spark to ignite the fuel 用了点燃燃料的电火花adhesion of wheels 车轮附着力air-cooled engine 风冷式发动机along with the connecting rod连接连杆articulated frame 铰接式车架as linght as possible尽可能轻at rear end of the crankshaft在曲轴的末端at the end of the power stroke 做工冲程的末期attach at one end to the piston与活塞的一端连接 attach to the crankpin section of the crankshaft连接在曲轴的曲柄销automobile transportation 汽车运输automobile-engine cooling systems 发动机冷却系统bbe liable to leak oil occasionally 偶尔漏油be responsible for driving the camshaft负责驱动凸轮轴be well arranged for production很好地安排生产burn its fuel within the engine proper 在发动机中彻底燃烧燃料by far the most common 目前为止最普遍的by means of a round piston pin通过圆形活塞销ccar-body accessories 车身附件carry the power from the engine to the car wheels 将发动机产生的动力传递给车轮carry the power thrust to the crankpin轴向力推到曲柄销cast or forge the crankshaft in one piece整体式铸造曲轴change the driving torque both in magnitude and directions 改变驱动扭矩的大小和方向compression self-ignition engine 自然压缩点火connect to the upper end of the connecting rod 与连杆上端连接consist of five basic mechanisms 五个基本机制construction-type lift crane 建筑类型的起重机convert thermal energy into mechanical energy 将热能转化为机械能ddepend on the engines cylinder bore size 取决于发动机的气缸孔大小differential gear with self-locking device 带有自锁转置的差速器digital fuel consumption meter 数字油耗仪double-row engine 双排式发动机due to temperature variation 由于温度变化eemploy friction forces to transmit power 采用摩擦力来传递能量experienced driver （=expert driver）有经验的驾驶员ffasten to the piston itself把物体固定在活塞上forced reversing 反向驱动four-stroke-cycle diesel engine 四冲程柴油机hhorizontal opposed cylinder diesel engine 水平对置式柴油机iin contrast to external-combustion engine 与外燃机形成对照in tandem 串联in the great majority of cases 在大多数工况下mmanufacturing technique 制造技术meet the requirements of different operating condition 满足不同工况下的要求minimize vibration and bearing loads最小化震动和载荷multicylinder engine 多缸发动机ooperate on the four-stroke-cycle principle 四冲程发动机的工作原理ppaly a vital part in the power-producing process 在动力产生的过程中pass through the piston and rod通过活塞和连杆permit the shaft to turn in the main bearings主轴带动曲轴旋转piston-type internal combustion engine 活塞式内燃机possess considerable mechanical strength拥有可观的机械强度prevent the piston pin from wearing out防止活塞销磨损provide the crankshaft with required strength为曲轴提供一个理想强度provide with some means of cooling 冷却方式的供给rremove 30 to 50 percent of the heat 带走30%到50%的热量retractable hard top 千斤顶rotate freely on the crankpin在曲柄销上自由移动sset fire to the compressed air-gasoline-vapor mixture 点燃被压缩的空气燃油混合物single cylinder diesel engine 单缸柴油机single-unit truck 承载式卡车snow removal equipment 扫雪机spart ignition engine 火花点火式发动机supply the gasoline to the power-producing process 为气缸供给汽油suspension stability control 悬挂稳定性控制tthe amount of air displaced by the piston 由活塞排出的空气数量the chassis of an automobile 汽车底盘the length of the piston stroke 一个活塞行程的时间the main rotating member旋转的主要部位the number of piston strokes 活塞的冲程数 the source of power that makes the car move 使车辆行驶的动力来源the supporting structure of the automobile transmission 汽车变速器的支撑结构to put on trial 试验transmission mechanism 差速装置transmit the torque developed by the engine to the driving wheels 将发动机产生的扭矩传递给驱动轮turn about its own tail 自由转向vvia a system of belts and pulleys借组皮带滑轮系wwithout excessive distortion没有过渡的扭矩变性第二章1 the internal combustion engine is a device used to convert the chemical energy pg the fuel into heat energy and then convert this heat energy into usable mechanical energy.内燃机是一个能将汽油中的化学能转化为热能并将其转化为可用的机械能的装置2 the design of cummins engine makes it possible to replace worn or damaged parts with new or rebuilt parts with a minimum of sown time.康明斯发动机的设计使得它可以更换磨损或损坏的零部件与新建或改建的部分以最小的停机时间3 the fuel system is designed to store liquid gasoline and to deliver it to the engine cylinders on the intake strokes in the from of vapor mixed with air.燃油系统时用来储备液体汽油，并将其以油气混合物的形式在进气冲程时输送到发动机气缸。4 the engine oil pump must provide a continous supply of oil at sufficient pressure and in sufficient quantily to provide adequate lubrication at all times to the entire engine.发动机油泵必须提供一定压力和数量的油，以便于在任何情况下都能对整个系统进行润滑。5.some of the heat absorbed by the cooling system is used to heat the operator and passenger compartments in cold weather and to keep windows clear of moisture and frost 。一些由冷却系统所吸收的热量被用来在寒冷天气为司机和车厢，并清洁窗户上的水分和霜6. a person who wants to operate ， repair， or otherwise service diesel engines must be able to recognize the different parts by sight and know what their particular functions are 一个人想要操作，或者维修柴油机必须能够通过识别柴油机不同的部分，并了解其特殊功能。第三章1 anyone familiar with the working of the ordinary pertrol engine is aware that the mortive power is prodeced by igniting the mixture of petrol vapor and air above the piston in each cylinder,the resultant combustion of which causes an expansion of gases exerting pressure on the top of piston.熟悉普通汽油发动机原理的人知道，通过点燃每个汽缸里活塞上面汽油蒸气和空气混合气体，混合气体燃烧的结果使气体膨胀，给活塞顶部施加压力而产生动力。2if the piston is moved up and down in the cylinder,this up-ang-down,or reciprocating,motion of the piston is changed into the rotary of the crankshaft by the connecting rod ang the crank of the shaft.如果活塞在汽缸中上下移动，这种上下的或者往复运动通过连杆将活塞的运动转变为曲轴的旋转。3 the advantage of the diesel is its greater puling orluggingpower when it slows down under a heavy load,in other words,the diesel loses less power at reduced speed than the gasoline engine.柴油的优点是它在复杂路况下更大的牵引力，换句话说，柴油机在减速时比汽油机损失更少的功率。4.addition advantages of the diesel enter inter certain special applications such as isolated service stations，railway water stations，vacation resorts，lumber camps，mine power plants，oil-well drilling，and emergency power plants。柴油机另外的优势在于一些些特殊领域的应用，如独立的服务站，铁路水站，度假胜地，木材厂，矿山电厂，石油钻井，应急电站等。5. the fundamental difference between petrol and diesel engines is that in the p