音标教程自编版.docx

基础导入一、音素和国际音标 1 什么是音素：音素是语音的最小单位。2 音素的分类：元音和辅音。3 音素的个数：共48个，元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。4 什么是音标：记录音素的符号叫做音标。5 什么是国际音标：国际音标是由国际语音 协会规定的一套音标，用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。6. 开音节: a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e : name, bike, home, due, plane, shine b) 辅音+元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three, hello7. 闭音节: a) 辅音+元音+辅音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup,let, mad, map b)元音+辅音: it,is, of, in, on, up, out, ant8. 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。 二、元音和辅音的定义：1. 发音时声带振 动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。2. 不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。3. 发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。4. 发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。三、国际音标表 四、元音音标学习1、 元音概述：元音是有噪音的语音。形成元音时，声带振动，气流经由咽腔和口腔逸出时，不受到任何阻碍，没有可以听得到的摩擦声。英语里共有20个元音（单元音12个，双元音个）。2、 元音之间的差异，是由发音时各发音器官所采取的不同位置形成的。 所谓“不同位置”，指的是舌头的高低与前后，牙床的开合程度，以及唇形的大小和圆扁。 但其中决定的因素是舌头的位置：舌头是在口腔的前部、中部或者后部，决定所发的音是前元音、中元音还是后元音；舌身隆起的高度以及舌的哪一部分隆起最高，决定发出的元音是开口元音、半开元音、合口元音、还是半合元音。 牙床开合的程度是由舌位的高低所决定的，而双唇的圆扁和大小对形成不同的元音也有相当的影响。 因此，描述一个元音的发音部位，主要是描述它的舌位和唇形。五、元音音素分类表lesson 1 元音i: : 学习 i: 1.发音技巧：长元音，嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽力向上抬起，嘴角向两边张开，露出微笑的表情。2. 发i:这个音的字母和字母组合：e ea ee e: me be she he we eveningee: sweet sleep see bee sweep sheep three greenea: meat leaf sea eat pea teach clean3.例句发音练习 e.g. can you see the green leaves of each tree in the field ?4.根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词。a. cat rain bean seat b. gift feet teacher dogc. pig star tree jeep d. sweet sea fish the1.发音技巧：短元音，嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，嘴角向两边张开，嘴型扁平。2. 发 这个音的字母和字母组合：i e y ey ayi: pig fifteen fish thin six ship ine: begin behind jacket basketbally: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny rainy lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy ey: monkey moneyay: sunday saturday friday 3.例句发音练习 e.g. be quick! be quick! we will go to the cinema. e.g. -what is it? -it is a ticket.4.根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。a. sofa sit kick lip b. ink gift jam shipc. hand picture big sister d. hot lick pig jelly:1.发音技巧：长元音，嘴型扁平，上下齿微开，舌身平放，舌中部稍抬起。2.发:这个音的字母和字母组合：er ir ur ear orer: her serve termir: bird girl skirt first dirty shirt ur: nurse thursday turtle purple curtainear: early learn or: word work world3.例句发音练习 e.g. the nurse saw a turtle on her purple curtain. 4.根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词。a. thirty beer thirsty wheat b. bank king her nursec. turtle bird rabbit knee d. room run shirt term1.发音技巧：短元音，嘴唇微微张开，舌身放平，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角向两边张开，嘴型扁平。2. 发这个音的字母和字母组合：ure er ar or a eure: pictureer: teacher brother dinner father sisterar: sugaror: doctor a: panda about above camera sofa china3.例句发音练习 e.g. my sister took a picture of a panda with her camera. 4.根据发音规则，每组找出发的两个单词。a. mother sofa road smile b. sit father sister foodc. hair deer tiger china d. sugar soon ear leaderlesson 1 音标i: : 练习1. 找出下列没有相同发音的词。 ( ) he feet bread green ( ) pig is dog ship ( ) thirty bird her food ( ) she big in money ( ) sweets fish teacher we ( ) teacher sister about girl ( ) tiger first work shirt ( ) tree bean clean chin ( ) father doctor skirt china( ) happy sea sit picture2. 读音标写单词。sst bz si: swi:t hi: h: dkt li:f bi: b:d 3. 将单词与元音相应音标连线。meat: thirsty driver animali: lesson 2 元音: u: 学习 : 1.发音技巧：长元音，双唇收得小而圆，并向前突出，舌身向后缩。2.发 : 这个音的字母和字母组合：a aw al or oor a: wateraw: draw strawberry al: ball always wallor: corn horse fork or shortoor: floor door 3.例句发音练习 e.g. i am paul of four years old. i am tall. give me a call.4.根据发音规则，在元音发:的单词下面划横线。a. tall bird bread poor b. idea chair sport harec. cake bear walk cup d. drink short bag milk1.发音技巧：短元音，口腔打开，嘴张大，舌头向后缩，双唇稍收圆。2. 发 这个音的字母和字母组合：o ao: coffee fox dog shop dog doctor longa: watch3.例句发音练习 e.g. tom has got a lot of dots on his pocket. he has to use a lot of hot water to wash off the dots. 4.根据发音规则，每组找出发 的两个单词。a. doctor teacher box clothes b. cold zoo clock dogc. love boss lot violin d. watch beach fox girlu:1. 发音技巧：长元音，嘴型小而圆，微微外凸，舌头尽量向后缩。2. 发u:这个音的字母和字母组合：o oo ui uo: whose who do oo: food moon tooui: fruit juice u: ruler rude3. 例句发音练习 e.g. how do you do? bring your stool. go to school. 4. 根据发音规则，找出元音字母不发 u: 的单词。a. juice moon zoo panda b. tooth broom eye spoonc. head boot pool noodles d. noon cool boot watch1. 发音技巧：短元音，嘴唇张开略向前突出，嘴型稍圆并放松，舌后缩。2. 发 这个音的字母和字母组合：o oo uo: woman wolfoo: look good book foot wood u: bull bullet3.例句发音练习 e.g. green wood, mike cook. please have a look. i have a good book. 4.根据发音规则，找出元音字母发音不相同的单词。a. mouth book look pull b. push tape sugar footc. wood kind wolf bull d. bullet wood cook namelesson 2音标: u: 练习1. 找出下列没有相同发音的词。 ( ) moon food eat fruit ( ) true book wood look ( ) four small walk bird ( ) got clock shop shirt ( ) bus foot push book ( ) lost ball long ox ( ) ruler dog mooncake blue( ) big ship horse it2. 写出单词或元音的音标。 bru:m d: sit b:d fut wi: dg sist look do water good too foot clock first work sister doctor sea 3. 将下列单词与正确的音标用线连起来。hot blu: football huk blue ki:s hook futb:l kiss htlesson 3 元音: e学习: 1. 发音技巧：长元音，口腔打开，嘴张大，下巴放低，舌头平方，但舌尖不抵下齿。2. 发:这个音的字母和字母组合：a ar au eara: grass glass class plant dance fast father lastar: car star arm march garden dark scarf au: laugh aunt ear: heart 3. 例句发音练习 e.g. its too far to see the shark. 4. 根据发音规则，找出元音字母发 :的单词。a. arm lip doctor card b. cloud cart garden gatec. ball scarf dark tiger d. job lorry march park1. 发音技巧：短元音，嘴唇微微张开，伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，舌后部稍稍抬起。2. 发 这个音的字母和字母组合：o oo u ouo: son come color love moneyu: sun nut jump gum supper bus brush us ou: touch cousin country3.例句发音练习 e.g. hurry up ! a duck cuts a bug in the mud.4.根据发音规则，找出每组中元音字母发的单词。a. hear book look pull b. voice boy duck antc. vase corn bear gun d. cute boy money her 1. 发音技巧：短元音，嘴张大，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角尽量拉向两边成扁平形。2. 发这个音的字母和字母组合：a a: dad cap cat bad apple bag rabbit flag ant map fat has stand rat black hand 3. 例句发音练习 e.g. cat ! cat ! catch that cat. 4. 根据发音规则，找出元音字母发 的单词。a. rat bed face sport b. hear cup fat pearc. rice bat finger tree d. sea young knife applee 1. 发音技巧：短元音，嘴稍张开，舌尖悬空，嘴角稍拉向两边。2. 发e这个音的字母和字母组合：e ea e: egg bell desk leg pet ten pen ea: bread head breakfast 3. 例句发音练习 e.g. i had an egg and a slice of bread for my breakfast. 4. 根据发音规则，找出每组中元音字母不发 e的单词。a. cat well leg pen b. sweat map pet elephantc. egg ten tall desk d. bread head bed toylesson 3音标: e练习1. 找出下列没有相同发音的词。 ( ) car arm food garden ( ) true jump bus cut ( ) bag short map flag ( ) egg pen head small ( ) got clock bell dog ( ) rat bat apple ten ( ) gun star duck money( ) rabbit book wood foot2. 写出单词或元音的音标。 bag car bus bread star head 3. 改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词like _(交通工具) hat _(四害动物)lake _(时间早晚) nice _(个位数字)hot _(服饰衣帽) well _(上课响铃)lesson 4 元音e a a学习e 1. 发音技巧：由e和两个单音组成，e重读，轻读，口形由半开到合，与字母a的发音相同，似“诶”。2. 发e这个音的字母和字母组合：a ai ay a: cake make name game snake gate lazyai: rain train wait ay: day may play today way 3. 例句发音练习 e.g. rain, rain, go away. come again another day. 4. 根据发音规则，找出元音字母发音不一样的单词。a. face wave sheep tail b. grape plane name coatc. time tape train snake d. rain soap cake traina 1. 发音技巧：由和两个单音组成，重读，轻读，口形由开到合，与字母i的发音相同，似“埃”。2. 发a这个音的字母和字母组合：i y ie uy i: kite bike nice tiger write knifey: by cry fly my sky try whyie: tie pieuy: buy 3. 例句发音练习 e.g. mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night. 4. 根据发音规则，找出每组中发a音的单词。a. rice good jam right b. ship mine ice-cream mousec. cloud sit tie eye d. write small tennis kite 1. 发音技巧：由和两个单音组成，重读，轻读，双唇由圆到扁，口形由开到合。2. 发这个音的字母和字母组合：oi oy oi: oil boil coin oy: boy toy 3. 例句发音练习 e.g. one boy is a boy. two boys are half boy. three boys are no boy. 4. 根据发音规则，找出每组中发音的单词。a. soil hear soy cold b. rabbit bed boy noisec. walk voise boil word d. tea enjoy toy milka 1. 发音技巧：由和两个单音组成，重读，轻读，口形由开到合，发音似“凹”。2. 发a这个音的字母和字母组合：ou ow ou: house mouse mouth trousersow: flower cow how now down 3. 例句发音练习 e.g. a mouse ran into a cows mouth in front of the house. 4. 根据发音规则，找出每组中不发a音的单词。a. mouse cloud arm clown b. teacher trousers cow mouthc. town dance flower house d. tower blouse now babylesson 4音标e a a练习1. 找出下列发音不相同的单词。 ( ) time tape snake make ( ) rain soap cake train ( ) cloud sit tie eye ( ) write smell tennis kite( ) rabbit bed boy noise( ) walk voice boil word ( ) town dance flower house ( ) tower blouse now baby2. 将单词与元音相应音标连线。bow gatea trayapoisonelesson 5 元音 e 学习 1. 发音技巧：由和两个单音组成，口形由半开到小，与字母o的发音相同，似“欧”。2. 发这个音的字母和字母组合：o oa ow o: nose rose poem over oa: boat road soap goat ow: show snow bowl window 3. 例句发音练习 e.g. -leo, leo. lets go! you are too slow! -i dont even hope so. 4. 根据发音规则，找出元音字母发音的两个单词。a. coat goat tree river b. make window knife roadc. your white row road d. boat hen nose lamp 1. 发音技巧：由和两个单音组成，重读，轻读，双唇始终半开。2. 发这个音的字母和字母组合：ear eer ear: ear hear tear eer: deer beer 3. 例句发音练习 e.g. open your ear. listen to my idea. give the deer a glass of beer. is it clear? 4. 根据发音规则，找出每组中发 音的一个单词。a bear beer fair tail b. noodles pair near comec. horse near tower air d. ring king here threee 1. 发音技巧：由e和两个单音组成，重读，轻读，舌尖抵下齿。2. 发e这个音的字母和字母组合：air ear air: hair chair pair ear: pear bear wear 3. 例句发音练习 e.g. a bear is eating a pear over there. you must care the pears on the chair.4. 根据发音规则，找出每组中发e音的一个单词。a. bear idea pineapple tail b. noodles pair climb comec. horse house tower air d. ring king hare three 1. 发音技巧：由和两个单音组成，重读，轻读，口形由收圆到半开。 2. 发这个音的字母和字母组合：oor our ure eu: europe oor: poorour: tourure: sure pure 3. 例句发音练习 e.g. i am sure the water is pure. 4. 根据发音规则，找出每组中发音的一个单词。a. clear tourist pineapple tail b. noodles pair climb furyc. beard cure tower air d. voice king pure engineerlesson 5音标 e 练习1. 找出下列没有相同发音的词。 ( ) mouth coat goat window ( ) dear beer cake teacher ( ) pair boy air hare ( ) poor tour europe cry ( ) boat bike side fly 2. 写出单词或元音的音标。 go ear photo deer near nose hear tour hair 3. 将单词与元音相应音标连线。theater ruz roset squaretuplaceplesroseskwelesson 6 辅音p b t d学习p 1. 发音技巧：双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔发出爆破音，但声带不震动。2. 发p这个音的字母和字母组合：p pp p: piano panda parrot sheep stop pet pig pp: apple happy puppy 3. 例句发音练习 e.g. a sheep has a shop. a pig comes to the shop and talks to the sheep. which is cheaper?4. 根据发音规则，找出辅音字母不发p音的单词。a ship phone sleep pear b pick pen big pineapplec taxi parrot sheep pig d panda pony pet truckb 1. 发音技巧：和p的发音相似，但声带需要震动。2. 发b这个音的字母和字母组合：b bb b: book ball banana bird big boy bag bb: rubber rabbit cabbage 3. 例句发音练习 e.g. bobs elder brother is building a beautiful teaching building model between two bricks.4. 根据发音规则，找出每组中发 b音的两个单词。a. cab gift beach love b. pet god tub bedc. weather boy bus make d. rabbit read dress babyt 1. 发音技巧：舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后弹开舌头，让气流从口腔中喷出，但声带不震动。2. 发t这个音的字母和字母组合：t tt t: table taxi ticket tea cat pet cat fat pp: butter matter 3. 例句发音练习 e.g. my pet was a cat. it sat in a hat and watched a rat. 4. 根据发音规则，找出辅音字母不发t音的单词。a. taxi fat bag toy b. hat ticket tea duckc. taxi parrot sheep sweater d. pocket packet pet raind 1. 发音技巧：和t的发音相似，但声带需要震动。2. 发d这个音的字母和字母组合：d ed（多在过去式中出现） d: duck