八年级英语上册 Unit 1 Playing Sports词汇知识精讲 （新版）仁爱版.doc

Unit1 Playing Sports【词汇精讲】1. duringduring是介词，意为“在期间”。例如： I went to see my uncle during my stay in Beijing. 我在北京逗留期间去北京看我叔叔了。 【辨析】 (1) during指“在时间内，在的期间”，一般有明确的时间长度和起止时间。谓语动词常为持续性的动作或状态，时间段前常有限定词（the; 物主代词等），表特指。例如： He asked many questions during the three meetings. 在这三次会议期间，他问了许多问题。(2) in意为“在时间内”，一般情况下可以和during互换，用in时往往强调某一动作发生在某一时间段中的某一时间点；during既可用在“在整个时间段期间”，也可用在“某时间段内的某个时间点”。例如： Mike put his hand up three times during/in the class. 在这节课内，Mike举了三次手。(3) for意为“（时间）长达”，强调时间由始至终，动作也贯穿这段时间的始终，可以和完成时连用。强调持续时间的长短，回答how long的问题；而during则是指动作所发生的时间，回答when的问题。例如： He stayed in Beijing for two years. 他在北京住了两年。 He swims every day during the summer. 夏天他每天去游泳。2. againstagainst是介词，其用法如下：(1) 反对，违反。对应的反义词为for，常用于be against sb. / sth.反对某人/某事。例如：Are most people against having a part-time job? 大多数人反对做兼职工作吗？(2) 和交战（指竞争、比赛等）。例如：Well have a basketball match against the team from No. 2 Middle School next week.下星期我们将与二中的球队举行一场篮球赛。(3) 碰、撞、擦。例如：Rain beats against the window. 雨打在窗户上。(4) 倚着、靠着。例如：There was a ladder propped up(支撑) against the wall.一把梯子靠着墙。(5) 防备，抗。例如：She saved money against old age. 她攒钱防老。(6) 逆着。例如：We are sailing against the wind. 我们（的船）正逆风航行。(7) 衬托，相映，对照。例如：Red flags stand out brightly against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得分外鲜艳。3. winwin是动词，意为“赢得；打败；战胜”，其现在分词要双写n，过去式和过去分词均为won。例如： He won a prize last week. 他上周得奖了。 They won the basketball match yesterday. 他们昨天赢得了那场篮球比赛。【拓展】 win和beat的辨析： (1) win强调赢得“比赛、游戏、战争”，获得“名次、奖品”。例如： win a prize得奖 win a game赢得比赛win a honor赢得荣誉 win a battle 赢得战斗 win a match赢得比赛 win a scholarship赢得奖学金(2) beat强调“打败，战胜”，其后只能接比赛、竞争的对手，即beat只能接表示人的词语作宾语。例如： beat a team 战胜/打败一队（组） beat a nation战争/打败一个国家4. practicepractice 作动词，意为“练习，实践”。既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词。其后可以接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。例如：My little brother practices the piano every day.我的小弟弟每天弹钢琴。Do you often practice playing football after school？你经常放学后踢足球吗？5. dreamdream意为“做梦”，作不及物动词，常用于短语dream of/about doing sth.意为“梦想/梦见做某事”。例如：He often dreams at night. 他在晚上经常做梦。She often dreams of / about her grandmother. 她经常梦到她的奶奶。Many young people dream of/about becoming famous basketball player.许多年轻人都梦想成为有名的篮球运动员。 6. popularpopular是形容词，意为“流行的；受欢迎的”。be popular with意为“受欢迎”。例如：This kind of sweater is very popular. 这种毛衣非常流行。She is a popular teacher in our school. 她是我们学校一位很受欢迎的老师。His songs are popular with young people. 他的歌很受年轻人的欢迎。7. mind(1) mind 作名词，意为“思想，智力”。惯用法为：keep sth in mind 记住某事例如：He always keeps his fathers words in mind.他总是记着父亲的话。(2) change ones mind 意为“改变主意”。例如：Have you changed your mind? 你已经改变主意了吗？(3)make up ones mind to do sth. 表示“下定决心做某事”。例如：He has made up his mind to succeed. 他下定决心要成功。(4)mind 作动词，意为“介意，反对”。例如：He doesnt mind the cold weather at all.他对寒冷的天气一点也不在乎。Do you mind if I smoke here? 你介意我在这吸烟吗？(5)惯用句式为：Would you mind doing sth? 你介意做某事吗？Never mind. = It doesnt matter. 没关系。Would you mind opening the window in the morning ?早上你介意开窗户吗？Never mind. 没关系。8.invent（1）invent 作动词，意为“发明；创造”。例如：Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯。 （2）invent还可以表示“虚构”。例如：The whole story was invented. 整个故事是虚构的。 （3） invent的名词形式有两个，一个是inventor（发明者；发明家），另一个是invention（发明物）。例如：Edison is a great inventor in history.爱迪生是历史上伟大的发明家。Human history is also a history of great inventions.人类的历史也是一个伟大发明的历史。【拓展】invent和discover辨析（1）invent 意为“发明，发明之物”，指“从无到有”。例如：Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔在1876年发明了电话。（2）discover 意为“发现”，指“本来就已经存在，但不为人知”的事物。例如：Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。9. chancechance作名词，意为“机会；机遇”，与opportunity意思相近，当表示“有机会做某事”时，这两个词的用法相同。get/have a chance to do sth.意为“获得/有做某事的机会”。例如：I got the chance / opportunity to visit Beijing. 我获得参观北京的机会了。I havent had a chance to read my letter.我还没有机会看我的信呢。10.anotheranother作形容词，意为“另外的，别的”，只可修饰单数名词；作代词，意为“另一个，一个”，指三者或三者以上中的任何一个。例如：Here comes another bus. 又来了一辆公共汽车。Please give me another cup of tea. 请再给我一杯茶。【注意】区别: another 和 more两个词都有“还有，再有”的意思，但another置于数词之前，more置于数词之后。例如:I want another two books. = I want two more books. 我想再要两本书.11. score（1）score作动词，意为“得分；获胜”。例如：Hughes scored two goals before half-time.休斯在上半场进了两个球.The army continued to score successes in the south.军队在南方不断取得胜利。（2）score作名词，意为“得分；二十；乐谱”。例如：I recorded the score in a notebook.我在笔记本上记下了分数。He bought two scores of apples yesterday.他昨天买了四十个苹果。Look at the score and try to play that song.看乐谱演奏一下那首曲子。12. break（1）break作动词时，既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，意为“打破；折断；弄坏”。例如：He fell through the window, breaking the glass. 他撞破玻璃从窗口摔了下去。The plate broke. 盘子打破了。She broke a leg in a skiing accident. 她在一次滑雪事故中摔断了一条腿。The lead biker broke his bike chain. 那位领先的自行车手车链子断了。（2）break用作名词的基本意思是“裂口，裂缝；破裂”，用于时间可表示“间歇，休息时间”，是可数名词。例如：There is a break in the pipe. 管道上有一处裂缝。There is a break during the performance. 演出中有一次中场休息。【词汇精练】I.根据首字母提示补全句子。1. The old man was born in the 19th c_.2. You cant_ the basketball from any part of the court.3. Ill go s_ else.4. Could you please give me a f_?5. Are you r_? Lets begin.6. Liu Xiang broke the Olympic r_ and won a gold medal in the 2004 Athens Olympics.7. They are l_ for Beijing the day after tomorrow.8.Cui Hua, shall we s_ the sour cabbage (酸菜)?9. When you get home from school, you should r_ yourself with music.10. Jane is always careful, but her brother is always c_.II. 根据汉语提示完成句子。1.If I have a _(机会), I believe I will do better next time.2.All the football players must _（遵守）the football rules.3.Its very nice of you, but I can_(对付) the box myself.4. Dr. White _（发明）a kind of new medicine last year.5.One of my teammates fell ill, so he cant _（训练）with us now.6.The computer will cost at _(至少)10,000 yuan. Its too expensive.7.Maria passes the _ (木棒) to Jane.8.Here are three pages from Kangkangs _ (日记).9.Zhang Yining is the _(获胜者) in the table tennis game.10.Er Yuehe is one of the _(当代的) writers.III. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空。1. Can you tell me your reason for_ (leave) home in a hurry?2. Phelps won eight _ (golden) medals in swimming in the Beijing Olympics.3. Who _ (invent) basketball in 1891?4. He is going away for at _ (little) a week.5. Doing morning exercises is a good way to keep _ (health).IV. 用方框中所给词组填空。（有两项多余）instead of, build up, have fun, follow the rules right a