高中英语基础课件名词.ppt

名词,大声朗读,指出下列句中划线的名词或名词短语在句中所作句子成分,并思考名词的用法与前后语境。1.Johnisadriver.约翰是司机。2.Dontstandonceremony.别客气。,介词宾语,主语；表语,3.Hedoesntlookhisage.他看上去与年龄不符。4.LondonliesontheThamesRiver.伦敦位于泰晤士河畔。5.Yourbrothertoldmethenews.你弟弟告诉我这个消息的。,直接宾语,表语,主语；介词的宾语,6.LiQiangsbowlisinthekitchen.李强的碗在厨房。7.Englishisspokenallovertheworld.全世界说英语。,主语；介词的宾语,主语；介词的宾语,8.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpothers.他觉得帮助别人是他的责任。9.Youstudentsshouldthinkofyourfuture.你们学生应该为自己的前途着想。,主语的同位语,宾补,1.主要用法。名词或名词短语在句中可以做主语、_、动词的_、介词的宾语、_、同位语等。2.语境分析。名词通常位于冠词(如adriver)、_(如hisage)、_(如LiQiangsbowl)及some,any,many,alotof等限定词的后面。,归纳总结,名词所有格,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,代词,3.名词的分类,4.名词的单复数。可数名词有单复数的区分，当数量大于一时就要用复数形式。5.不可数名词。没有复数形式；不能直接用不定冠词、数词及many，anumberof等修饰，但可用some，much，agreatdealof等修饰。,6.名词所有格。有生命的人或物，以及表示时间、距离、金额、重量、国家或城市等的名词，其所有格一般用“名词+-s”表示，如Theauthorsname(作者的名字)；无生命的东西的所有格一般用“of+名词”表示,如thecoverofthebook(书的封面)。,7.不可数名词与可数名词的转化。表示种类时：variousfruits(各种水果)；表示具体的事物时：asuccess(一个成功人士)；表示“一场/段/件”时：atimelyrain(一场及时雨)；表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea，coffee，beer等：twobeers(两杯啤酒)；表示不同意思时：room房间(可数);余地(不可数)。,有些不可数名词无论什么情况下也没有复数形式，即使受形容词修饰也不能加不定冠词，可称作“绝对不可数名词”。例如：fun,housework,homework,advice,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage/luggage,jewellery,machinery等。,注意：,8.of+抽象名词。of+use,value,help等某些抽象名词,其含义相当于对应的_，在句中可作表语、补语等。,形容词,单数可数名词前通常会填冠词(a，an，the)、名词的所有格(Toms)、形容词性物主代词(my，your，his)、不定代词(any，another)等。空格在冠词、数词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格后，要用括号中所给词的名词形式。在名词前作定语的可能是形容词或分词，在名词后作定语的可能是分词短语、不定式短语或介词短语，还可能是定语从句。,名词与广东高考,若有定语从句、形容词、分词短语或介词短语等修饰，应当用所给词的名词形式。作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，要用括号中所给词的名词形式。在确定用名词形式后，还要考虑该名词是用单数还是复数、是否需要用所有格。,一、完成句子根据汉语提示,完成下列句子。1.Two_(月)ago，three_(英雄)caughtfour_(小偷).Theymadethemplantsome_(土豆)and_(竹子)intwo_(动物园).Theyalsomadetheir_(妻子们)returnthefourbig_(箱子)withsomeprecious_(照片)and_(刷子)inthem.,灵活运用,brushes,months,heroes,thieves,potatoes,bamboos,zoos,wives,boxes,photos,1.一般情况下直接加s；以-s，-x，-sh，-ch结尾，加es，如boxes/dishes/matches等(例外：stomachs)；2.以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i，再加es如countries/families(但以元音字母+y结尾的直接加s，如boys)；,要点归纳：名词变复数的规则,3.以f或fe结尾的名词,把f(e)改为ves如wolf/thief/wife/knife等(例外：proofs/roofs/gulfs/beliefs)；4.以o结尾的名词，一般加es，但某些缩写词、外来词或者以元音字母+o结尾的词则加s，如photos/pianos/radios等。,2.Two_(主编)，three_(男教师)andfive_(女医生),togetherwiththeir_(孩子们)，wenttothemarket.Theydecidedtobuytwo_(绵羊),three_(鹿)，four_(公牛)，five_(鹅)andsixwhite_(老鼠)withthree_(脚)andsix_(牙齿).,teeth,editors-in-chief,menteachers,womendoctors,children,sheep,deer,oxen,geese,mice,feet,将a改为e的有manmen,womanwomen等；man或woman作定语时，其单复数与所修饰的名词的单复数一致,如menteachers/womenscientists等。,不规则变化,将oo改为ee的有footfeet,toothteeth，goosegeese等；复数以en结尾的有childchildren,oxoxen等；将ouse改为ice的有mousemice，louselice(虱子)等；,单复数同形的有sheep/deer/fish/aircraft/means/works/Swiss/Japanese/Chinese等；合成词中有主体名词的只变主体名词,如passers-by/sons-in-law,没有主体名词的,直接在词尾加s,如grown-ups/go-betweens；,1.Givingupmyjobtogobacktofull-timeeducationwasabig_(commit),butnowIknowitwasthebestdecisionIevermade.,二、单句填空,根据前面的冠词可知填名词,commitment(投身)在句中作表语。,commitment,2.Teachershavetoconstantlyupdatetheirknowledgeinordertomaintaintheirprofessional_(compete).,名词作maintain的宾语。,competence,3.Alwaysremembertoputsuchdangerousthingsas_(knife)outofchildrens.根据前面的things可知用复数，作介词as的宾语。4.DrSmithisgoingtopulloutoneofmy_(tooth).因oneof后面的名词一定是复数，tooth的复数是teeth。,knives,teeth,5.Idontlikethe_inwhichyoulaughather.由inwhich引导的定语从句可知,先行词应为表示方式的way。6.Inmyopinion,itiswrongtocheatin_(exam)becauseitbreakstherulesofschools.6.作介词in的宾语。,way,examinations,7.Inmyopinion,nooneagreesthata_(wealth)personwithoutgoodhealthcanbehappy.So,justdoourbestandkeepfit.,7.在冠词与名词之间,用形容词作定语。,wealthy,8.Upon_(arrive),webegantoworkimmediately.作介词的宾语用名词形式。9.Since“Lifeisastage”,weareactuallyallactorsand_(act).由与之并列的actors(男演员)可知填actresses(女演员),在句中作并列表语。,actresses,arrival,10.Therearemorevisiblechangesinourgesturesandfacial_(express).前有形容词修饰，用名词，或者说，作介词in的宾语，用名词。11.LangLangisaworld-classyoung_(piano)whogrewupinShenyang.由其后的定语从句可知,空格处是先行词,且指人。,pianist,expressions,12._(try)byfoodprocessingplantsinGermanyhaveconcludedthatfoodscoveredwiththeglasscanstorelongerthanthosestoredinnormalcondition.,主句谓语是haveconcluded,而by.Germany是介词短语作定语,有介词短语修饰,或者说在句中作主语,要用名词;又因谓语是复数,故用trials。,Trials,Ahighschoolhistoryteacheroncetoldus,“Ifyoumakeoneclosefriendinschool,youwillbemostlucky.1_truefriendissomeonewhostayswithyouforlife.”Experienceshowsthathewasright.,A,二、语篇填空,A在单数可数名词friend前可能是冠词、名词的所有格、形容词性物主代词或不定代词;由语境可知,此处指类别，泛指“一个”真正的朋友,故填不定冠词A。,Good2_(friend)arejustnoteasilyformed.,friendships,friendships在句中作主语,用名词形式;又根据谓语动词areformed是复数,可知作主语的名词要用复数:再根据搭配,不容易形成的应当是“友谊”,而不是“朋友”,故填friendships。,Tomostofus,friendshipsarethoughtveryimportant,butweneedtohavethekindsoffriendshipswewant.Aretheytobecloseorkeptatarms3_(long)?Dowewanttoshareourselvesordowewanttowalkonthesurface?Forsomepeople,manyfriendshipsonthesurfacearequiteenoughandthatsallright.,length,length在名词所有格后,要用名词形式。keepsb.atarmslength意为“不使自己太接近某人;与某人保持距离(notallowoneselftobecometoofriendlywithsb)”。,Butatsomepointweneedtomakesurethatourexpectationsarethesameasour4_(friend)expectations.,friends,friends在名词前作定语,要用其形容词形式或者名词的所有格;根据语境,应当指“我们的朋友的”,应当用复数形式的所有格,故填friends。,Thesharingof5_(person)experienceisthesurestway6_(deepen)friendships.Butitmustbeundertakenslowlyandcarriedononlyiftherearesignsofinterestandactioninreturn.,personal,todeepen/ofdeepening,5.personal在名词前作定语,用形容词形式。6.todeepen/ofdeepening在way后用不定式作定语或用ofdoing作定语。,Whataresomeofthedifficultiestofriendship?Thegreatestistheattractiontoexpecttoomuchtoosoon.Deeprelationshipstaketime.7_maindifficultyisthe8_(selfish)tothinkone“owns”theother,includinghistimeandattention.Similarly,friendshipsneedactionsinreturn.,Another,selfishness,7.Another在名词前作定语,没有提示的语法填空题,只可能是填冠词、介词、连词或代词;再根据前面的thegreatest(difficulty)和后面的Finally可知,此处是指多者中的“另一个”,故填another。8.selfishness在冠词后，要用名词。,Inotherwords,youmustgiveasmuchasyoutake.Finallythereisaquestionoftakingcareo