却最简洁最重点的英美文学考试重点.doc

一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作:The Song of Beowulf (national epic民族史诗)metaphor alliteration。3、Angles, Saxons and Jutes.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)1、The Roman Conquest: In 1066, the Duke of Normandy William led the Norman army to invade England. The result of this war was William became the king of England. After the conquest, feudal system was established in English society. Chivalry was introduced by the Normans into England. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight头韵2、传奇ramances：描写骑士的冒险精神和典雅爱情文学。seek adventures , fighting for his lord in battle,humility,honor,sacrifice,brave,honesty,love with women三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)（反封建、反教会、追求个性自由）1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、purely English(the London dialect伦敦方言)3、heroic couplet英雄双韵体 4、Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.5、代表作：The Canterbury Tales (英国文学史的开端) 内容：The pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.特点：Each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. The story was endowed with what medieval romance lacked-interest of character as well as incident.观点：He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate.主要故事: The Knights Tale The Pardoners Tale The Merchants Tale The Wife of Bath四、The Renaissance (16世纪) 1、背景：14-17century,a period of the breaking of feudal relations and the establishing the foundations of capitalism. New monarchy. It is a revival of classical arts and sciences.2、主要文学成就：Poetry: Wyatt: first to introduce the sonnet into English literature. Sidney Spenser: the poets poet.Drama: Marlowe: blank verse(无韵诗) the principal vehicle of expression in drama. . William Shakespeare(1564-1616)Novels:John Lyly Thomas Loge Thomas NasheEssays /prose: Francis Bacon(1561-1626)、Thomas More(1478-1535)3 works of shakespeare:37palys ,tow narrative poems and 154sonnetsFirst period (1590-1600):comdies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人Second period(16011608):tragedies哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗; 李尔王; 麦克白Third period(16091612)histories Lyric poem:Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg Sonnet 18: Theme：The poet writes beautifully on the conventional theme that his poetry will bring eternity to the one he loves and eulogizes.Sonnet 29: Theme：The poet complains of his own miseries and dissatisfaction in life and then becomes happy upon the thought of the one he loves. Here Shakespeare is supposed to reveal his own thoughts and feelings, especially in the first octet.The character of Hamlet:Hamlet was a humanist, a man who is from medieval prejudices and superstitions.Starting from his humanist love of man, he turns to those around him with the same eagerness.His intellectual genius is outstanding.Hamlets melancholy is not the negative, hair-splitting and fruitless kind. It is rather the result of his penetrating habit of mind.五、The Period of Revolution and Restoration (17C)1、文学特点 concerned with the tremendous social upheavals, influence by puritan.光荣革命意义the supremacy of parliament, beginning of modern England,final triumph of the political liberty2、代表人物：John Donne “metaphysical poets玄学A. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by: verbal wit, irregular rhythms, ingenious structure and strange images or “conceits奇喻”.a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two different things.B. A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning意象:compasses、golden beaten(金箔)union of body and soul,physically and spirituallyJohn MiltonThe indomitable Puritan sprit finds its noblest expression in him.诗歌：Paradise Lost失乐园freedom knowledge oppose to monarchy Paradise Regained复乐园戏剧：Samson Agonistes力士参孙Shorter poems: LAllegro Il Penseroso ;Lycidas ComusPrincipal pamphlets: Areopagitica : attacks the censorship of the press and appeals for the freedom of the pressEikonoklaste: justifies the execution of Charles IDefense for the English People: a defense of the Commonwealth and RevolutionSonnet: On His Deceased Wife(唯一的爱情诗) On His BlindnessJohn Bunyan(1628-1688)班扬:The Pilgrims ProgressJohn Dryden(1631-1700):critic、poet、playwright六、The Age of Enlightenment (18世纪) 1、文学特点：The main literary stream of the 18th century was realism. The 18th century was an age of prose. Novel writing made a big advance in this century. In this stage,staire was much used in writing.2. classicism(neoclassicism), (pre-romanticism), (modern novel and sentimentalism)3.emphsis on reason,order ,balance and harmony.4、文学名人及作品：classicism/neoclassicism Richard Steele：The Spectator Addison Pope johnsonpre-romanticismWilliam Blake:Song of Innocence. London、The Tiger、The Chimney Sweeper均节选自Song of Experience经验之歌Poetical Sketches 诗的素描 The Book of Thel 塞尔书The Marriage of Heaven and Hell Robert Burns(1759-1796):用苏格兰方言书写, ,著有Poems Chiefly in Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集 My Hearts in then Highlands modern novelA. realistic novelDaniel Defoe、Henry Fielding、Jonathan SwiftB. sentimentalismLaurence Sterne: Sentimental Journey Tristram ShandyThomas Gray :Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌5、Daniel Defoe英国小说之父Robinson Crusoe全名:The life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson CrusoeThe writers of the Enlightenment attached great importance to the molding of character and to education through the influence of varied environment.The character of Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie at the earlier stages of its development. He is most practical and exact, always religious and at the same time mindful of his own profit. Captain Singleton Colonel Jack Moll Flanders A Journal of the Plague Year Roxana 6、Henry Fielding: comic Epic 喜剧史诗The History of Tom Jones, a foundling主要人物：Tom Jones: frank, kind, disinterested, sterlingSophia Western: brave and admirableBlifil: sly, perfidiousJoseph Andrews the journal of a Voyage to Lisbon Amelia7、Jonathan Swift（irony反讽)A Tale of a Tub 桶The battle of the Books 书之战The Drapiers Letter 信A Modest Proposal建议Gullivers Travels格列佛四部分A Voyage to Lilliput/ Brobdingnag/ Laputa/ Houyhnhnms七、1.The romantic period(1798-1832):beginning of with the publication of Wordsworths Lyrical Ballads,ending with Walter Scotts death.2.Theme:sensibllity,love of nature,interest of past,mysticism,individualism,exotic picture,strong-willed heroes,sometimes the romantics resort to symbolism.And symbols are objects used to represent abstract ideas and concepts.3.emphaize on emotion4.historical backgrounds:It was greatly influenced by the industrial revolution and the french revolution.5.romantuc writersThe first generation romantic writersBurns Blake-pre-romantisWordsworth Coleridge-negtiveThe second generation romantic writersByron Shelley and Keats-active romanticsHistorical novelist-Walter Scott6.WordsworthA.style:simplicity and purity of language and love of natureB.poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. 抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge) / Daffodils/ The DaffodilsTheme: 1. Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that gives him “strength and knowledge full of peace”2. It is bliss to recall the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment: The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is pres