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N u m er ie alSim u l a t io n o f T em P era t u re Field i n S e l e c t i ve L aesr Si n t er i n g iJ an zh an g D ey ing Li Jia nyu nL i a nd Longzhi Zhao Key La b ora toy rof Mi币 sy t ro f Ed u e atio n f o r C o nve ya n c e a n dEq ui Pm e nt Ea s t Ch in aJia oto ng Uni ve r s ity Na n cha n g 3 30 013 Ci h n a z hj61 15尽1 26 eom lideyinge e j tuo l6 3 e om sh i x i nyu8 4 10 31尽126 e om z haolong z hi尽1 6 3 e om Abstr a et h T e la s e r sint e i r ng Pr o c e s s o f m u lti 一e o m P o n e nt Powde r W C u 15 sim u la t ed byAN S YS s of tw a r e ba s ed on h t e a c f to r sofria d a tio n e o nve etio n a nd ther ma l Ph ysiea lPa r amete r so n te m P e r a t u r e h T e la se rPowe r a nd s e all ll in g v eloeitywhieh a r e the keyPr o e e s sPa a rm ete rs to a f f e et dir e ctl yin sin teirn g o m l dinga r est Udiedin Pa P e r h T e re su lts showtha t whe nthe s c a n m ng ve lo city15 e o n sta nt the sin tei rng de Ph t15i r sing withthe in e r e a s eo fla s er Pow e r In a d d itio n whe nthela se r Powe r15 e o n sta nt h t esi ntei rng dePth 15de ee r a singwith thein e r e a s e ofs e a n nin g ve lo city Tose l e etre as o n a bl e Pr o c e s singPa r a m e te r sa nd m e etthe e r q u ir em e nts o f sintei rn g q u a lity o n h t esin t i e r ng de Ph t h t e Pa r a m ete r s o fla s e rPow e r a nd s ea nning ve lo city a r e o Pti而z ed b y a n a l yzing the sintei rn g dePth K eywords Sele etiv e la se rsintei rng N u m e ir ea lsim u la tio n Te lllPe r at u r e i f eld Sintei r n g dePh t 1I ntro dU Ction WC uc o m P osite a ty Pie altwo 一Pha s e Ps e udoalloy e x h ibits e x e elle nteleeti re al e o ndu etivity a nd the rmale o ndu eitvityof Cu and h igh m e li t ng Pointa nd high ha r dn e s s of W It e a n be useda sele eit rea le onta etandele et rode m atei ral milita rym ae t i r al f o r sPe cialPurPo s e s u ch asr oek e tn oz zle a n dh ea t sinks ubst r a t e wih thigh air tig htn e s s Pa ci k ngof CPUa ndsolid一state 而 erowa v e tube etc S o W C ue on 1Po sie t ha sbe e n Widely u sed boh t inindu st ry an d而lita ry l 2 Sele ci t ve L a s er Sine t ring SLS wh ich be c om e sar es e a r ch f o cusr e e e ntly c a n m a n u f a ctu re d ir e etlythe m e tal m o ld o r Pa r t s Pr ototy Pew ih t the e om Ple xsh a p e f r o m 3DCA Dm odel to obtain the f u n ctio n al P a r t s m e ei tng the requireme nts Fo r the a d vantage so f sho rt m a n u f a etui rngeycle widea r n g e o f m ateir a lsa n d o h t e r s S L S15 e xPeee t d to obtain the w 一Cu e om Pon e nts wih th ig h de n sity a ndc on1Plexsh a p e h t at o h t er Pr oc e s s 15d ii f f e ult todo In h i t s Pa p e r h t e e tm Pe ra t ur e i f eld d ist ributionof w 一C u mix ed Pow de r 15 stud ied b y A N S Y S n u m erie alsimulatio n a nd h t ee f f e ctsof la s e r e o e r r spo n ding a utho r Tel 137070 9649 3 D i L Y i L u a n dY C he n E d s C C T A 2010 Pa x t V I I FI P AI CT34 7 PP 4 74 e s4 79 201 1 FIPn I tematio na l e F de r ai t on f o r n If o r m a i t o n r P o c e s si n g201 1 N u me ir e aSil u m l a t i oon f T e mPer a ut er iFelid n S e l e et i v e L a ser Si n t e ir n g457 P owerandsaenn i n g ve l oe i t y osn i nter i n gd e Pth P r ose es i n gP ar ar ne et r s ar see l e e y et d b s i en t ir n gd e Pth h t esine tring Proe essof w 一Cu mix ed Pow d er a r e a n alyzed w h ieh h a s g r ea t The r e a s o nable signii fe a n ee f o r 2E Sta blishm el l t o fM 0 d el 2 1EStablish po e ntof M athe m atic M odel T hem olte n Po ol ha sheat eha nge i wh t the su r ro un d ing i a r a n d Po w d er bed inS L S a n d h t e h t e m r a l eo ndu ctio ne a n b ee xPre s se dby equ ai ton l 3 aT 2 aT Z 盯 2 a T 左 二了了 下 犷 二二 厂 q q 户 下 l d x 一 即 一 d z 一 dt Wh ere k 15 e f f e etiVe the rmal c o ndu etiVityof powd er P 15 co哪a cted de nsityof Po d w er C15h ea tca Pa cityof m ae t ir al q 15d isPe r s ed he atto air q 15la s e rPow e r de n sity A s su m e tha ttheinii taltemPe r a t r U e T O of Powde rbed 15 eve nly d isit r buted b ef o e r sine tring a ndthe initial e ond itio n 15 shownas f ollow s T x z 一 0 T 2 In o rd ertosim Plif yea lc u latio n a ss u m ethat h t er e 15 no h e at 10 5 5 o n thebot tom of subst r a t e InSLS the r e 15he atdis siPatio nb y e on v e etion a nd ra d ia tio n theboundary Co ndition 15 show llas f ollow s 毋 l 月 一气二一 z司 九 1一IE 口以了一1万 q d Z 3 Wh ere k 15 e f f e etive thermal e o ndu etivityo f powde r h 15he ate o n v eetion e o e i f f eie nt T 15 te m P e ra t u r eof m e ta l Po w d e ratae e rti an m o m e nt a 15 Se tf a n 一B oltz m a n nc onsta nt 几 15inii ta l te m P e ra u t r e 15he at r ad iatio nco e i f f cie n t of aetu alo b j e cts 2 2 E stab lish m e n t of P hysie al M odel In orde r to slll lPlif y the sine t i r ng m odelandredu c e the e om Puting time theifnite element m odel 15e stablished inFig 1 Them ulit 一eo m P onent Powde re onsistof W a nd Cuw ith aee rtain Pc e r e ntage the sizeof wh ich153 4mn lx l 6m m xO 3Ill 们n To e n s u e r 476J Z h nag te la t h eenou hg m e s h d ensi t yi n l asre h e a t i n g znoe an dh e ta a f fe c t e d reg ionandre d c eu t ime h t e d if f e rent m e sh ingsiZesc a n be adoPted tothe substr ateandsinter ed laye r s T he m e sh ingofsine tred lay ers 15 smalle r 0 In u n Whiletheme sh ing o f subst rate 15la rger TheG a ussia nenergy distributio n of la s e r 15 sho w n inFigu r e Z thela s e r e n e rgy ofe e nte r 15th e h ig he st and thela s er e n e rg y 15 eoni tn uou slyr edu cedaway f r o m the sPotce nte r Thela s e rs P ot 15diVided into4 x 4 a sshownand h t e de e ay c oei f fcie ntsof l 2 3a r e 0 8 359552 0 5 2 2 6 4 2 4 0 32 6 7 576 4 3 3 3 3 32 2 22 2 23 3 3 2 2 2 2 21 1 11 1 12 2 2 2 2 2 2 21 1 11 1 12 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 夕夕 2 2 23 3 3 F i g 1 Finiteele m e nt modelF ig 2 G aus siane n e rgy distir butio no f la s e r In the sintering Pro ees s thela se r e n ergyo bey s h t e G a us sian d isi t rbutio n ZA 尸 q 一 而 万e p 一2 箭 4 Wh er e q15la s e r Pow e r de n sity P15la s e r Pow e r A15 abs orPtion r ateof Powder bed to las e r r 15d ista ne e betw een a n y Point o n thePowde rbed a nd las ersPote e nte r 勿15 r adiu sof la s e rsPot 3R e su lts a n dA na ly sis ThePowder eo nsistsof W a nd Cuwith ae er tain Pe r ee ntage the m elting Pointsa r e 3 3 80 and lo 8 3o C a n d the othe r h t e rmal phy sic al pr ope ri te so n te 哪 e ra t u r e a r e sho w n inT ab le 1 and Fig 3 T hePr o e e s sPa r a m e e t r s to sim u lae t th a tthe sPot d iam ee tr 150 4m m the s e an ning s P a eing 15 O 3n u n h t e Powde r h tiek n e s s 15o l m m h t ee o n v eei tone oef i fcie ntof i ar is 10 the e f f e ctiv er ad iatio nc o ei f feientof Powder bed 150 8 T able 1 h T e r llla P hysiea l ProPe r tie s of Cu T 10 0 C J k g l K八V m 20 3 85 405 38 8 4 0 4 200 3 9 2 3 9 9 4 0 0 400 3 7 9 80 0 420 329 5 0 0 409 35 5 60 0 4 14 34 2 k k N ume ir e ailS m u l a t io on fT 1 en P e r atuer iF e ldi n S e l e e t i v e L a s erSi nte ir n g477 一一一 8 护匕 峥 门U 八石 工 人 例 已 琴 立 4 0 08 001 2 0 016 00 04 0 080 01200 e T明祀 r ah江 e b Th e m r ale oe蛋eie nt 1印0 一 斤比 6NJ 4 4内 门j 工 例 茗 之勺 Tem Pe r at U r e C a S P e ci i fe hea t eaPa eiy t F i g 3 h T erma l Ph ysiea lPr oPer tie so fw F ig 4 shows h t ee f f e etsofs e a n ningvelo eityon Po ol dePh t A ss e e n f r o mit wh e n h t e la s e rPowe r15 eo nstant h e t sinte ring dePh t15de er e asingwith the in c r e a s e of s ea nningveloeity The sinte ring dePth 150 2 9r nm at v 0 12n j I s wh ile o nly 15 the sine t i r ng dePh t0 O76m m atv 0 20n I s T he r ea s o n 15h t at h w en thelase r Powe r 15 e o nsa tntand the s can ningv elo eity 15in e r ea sing h t e in P ut la se r e n e g ryde ee ra s es M ea n wh ile thetim e h t ate n ergyo n thePowde rPa rticle s15 d e ee ra sing Es P e eia l lya t h ig h s can ningsPe ed h t e conta et time betw eene n e rg ya n dPowd er Pa rticle15 ve rysho rt even h t e Powde rPa r tieleseould not be m e ltf o rthee n e rgyt ra n s f e r a r ou ndthe Powder Pa ri t eles w ih t o ut e n ough i tm e B ut h t e temPe r atu r e 15 risin gq uiei k ya tlow se a n n ing sPeed h w ieh lea d se asily to g r ea te r he at a cc u m ula t io ne f f e ct a n de r sults inla rger te n1Pe r a tU T e g ra d ie nt h T ee f f e ctsof la s erPower o n Po ol dePh ta r eshown iniFg 5 A ss ee n f r o mit w he n h t es can nin g velo eity 15 c o n sta nt the sinte ring dePh t15 risingwithh t e in e r ea s eof la se r Pow e r T he sintei rng dePh t15 o nly o 0 8ln nlat P 195w a nd h t esinte ring dePh t 15 0 30 I L9 0n 以 Q以仓 以 日 赶 召 d 召黔 心 己 的 乃 加1 51 0 0 5 U 1 1 nU Un 洲巴 石d 召曾 心 1 t I 叫的 0注20 140 1 60注80 200 2 2 20 0 2 10 220 230 2 40 Se a l砚I堪v elo c i y t n T 5 La se r p o w e r W F i g 4 Ef f e ets o f se a n ning ve lo eity o n Po ol dePthFi g 5 Ef f e ets o fla se rPow e ro n Po oldePth 874 J Z hn a g et la i ne re asin g t o 0 2l m m a t P 23 5w hT e re a s on 15 t h a t wh ne t h es ean n i n g ve l oei t y15 cnosa t n t na dh t e l a s re P owre 15i nrce asin g h t eou tP ute n e rg y d e n sity 15 i r sing B ut t h e exce s sive la se r Pow er m ak es t h e t emPe r at u r e50 hig h thatthePowde rIaye r s ha Vea g r e a t e reo nt ra etion a nd 15easie r to w a p r ing a nder a ei kng T helase rPowe r a n d sea nnin g velocity a r e h t e k e yPr o e e ssPa r a m eter s to a f f e ct d ie r e l tyin sintei rng m o ld ing T heh ighe r s ea nningvelo cityeann oto nlye f f e ei tvely s uPPr e s s h t ee xPan sio nof m olten Po ola nd h t e Ph e n o m e nono f sPla sh in g buta l s o im P rov e the f o r而ngei f feien cy h T ere as on a blela se r Pow erc annotonlye nsu e r the laye r s bo ndw ell buta l sor edu c e h t ee ont ractio nand w arPing h T esinti e rng dePh t m ust beg r ea ter h t anthe Po d w erth ie k n e s s to en s uethea d ja c ent laye r sbo nd w e llbyPe n et rating h t ee 二 e nt laye r Othe rwiseh t ead jae ent laye r s willbe sePa rat e d a nd h t e Poo r st rengh tand a c e u r a eyof f o r而ng will be obtain ed eve n h t e f o r而n g e o uldn ot be eom Plee td i Fg 6 shows h t e e t n 1Per atu r e disit rb utionof Z 一d i r e etio n at dif f e r ent i tm e w ih t ae er tain la s e rPow erands c a n ningv elo eity A sse e n f r om it h t e te n1Pe rau t r eo f 0 In l n l 15 o bvio u sly h igherh t an h t e m eli tng Point of Cu 1356K a t t 0 05 8755 itindiea t es h t at thesinte r ing de Pth 15gr ea t ertha n h t e Powde r h tie知e s s 51而la rly h t esine t r ing dePh t a r eabout 0 1 4r n ln a nd 0 1 9n u n at t0 lll25s a ndt 0 2 1 1 25 5 s othe Po w d e r h tiek nes s isle s sh t a n the sinte ring dePh t At the eue r rnt Pr o e e s s Pa r ameter s h t er elae t djoin tbetweenthei fr stlaye r a n d subst rae t is st rong an d h t e m etallu r g ie al bo nd ingo flay ers 15w ell The3 D Pa r t s inSLS a r eeolllPlee t dbylin e s to su rf aeea nd la y e r byla y erov e rla PPed a n dthef ollowing w t oe o n d itio n ssho uld be m e t to f o r lns olids u t r e i t t r e by sinte ling 5 6 1 Thedegr e e cov e r ageofenergyshould be re qi u r ed betw eens e a n ning beams h ta t 15 the se a n ningv elo eityeouldn ot beto o hig hwih t aee r tainPo w e r de n sity e nsu r e h ta t the e noug h Pow e r inPut tom ak e thePowde rin h t ec ur rent laye r bo ndtogeh t era nd f o rm theZD su r f a e est ru et u e r 诚h t o ut lo o s e Pow d er 2 T hePowde r h tiek n e s s 15le s s tha nthe sintering dePh t h ta t 15 thelas er Pow e r sho ulde n su e r h t ead ja e e nt laye r s bo nd w ellby Pen et r i a t ngthee u r r ent layertof o rm h t e 3Db od yst ru ctu r e 三 奋 一 量 1 3 5 陈 产杯 P匕2 1 5认尹 V 刃注6m S 1200 0 0 0 00 1 0 08 0 1 2 0 160 k 2 0 02 40 2 80 3 2 Z 一D ir e ei t on n u l l F ig 6 Te lllPe r atu re distir b ution o fZ 一d ir e ctio na tdif f e rent tim e 1 一t l二0 058755 2 一 tZ 0 111255 3 一t 3 0 2112 55 N u m e r i el a Sim ul t a io n o f Te ln Pr e ta u r e Fieldin Sele etiv eLas e r Sinter i n g4 7 9 4C onCll ls io n l Wh e n t h es c a n ningveloe ity15 e o nsta nt the sintei rng dePh t15i r sing wih t the in c re a se of lase rPow er In add itio n whe n thela s er Powe r15 eonsta n t the siin i e r ng dePth 15de ce r a sing withthein e r e a se ofsea nningveloeity 2 To s eleetr e as o na blePr o e e s sing Pa r a m ete rs a n d m eet the requi re m e ntsof sine t i rng qua l ity o n the sine tring de Ph t th e Pa r amee trso fla s e r Pow e r a n d s e a nning velo eity a r eoPti而zed b yana l yzingthe sintei rng de P th A cknow led ge m e nt T h isw o rk w a ssPonsored b y Seie n e e a nd Res ea r eh Fou nda t ionof Ea stC h in aJia oto ng n U iv e r si y t 0 1 30 8013 theNatu r alSeie n c e Fo un d i a t