TOGAF技术架构内容介绍.ppt

TOGAF技术架构内容介绍 目的 映射应用架构阶段定义的应用构建到一系列技术构建 这些技术构建表现为从市场得到的或组织内配置在技术平台里的硬件和软件由于定义了架构解决方案的物理实现 技术架构与实施和迁移计划联系紧密技术架构将定义技术组合的基线和目标视图 详细的面向目标架构的路线图 以及识别路线图中关键的工作包 技术架构阶段的方法 识别主要应用构件需求 无论是内部还是行业 在需求和可用间选择 检查技术参考模型和目标状态 特别是建立定义好的重用构建快 定义成本模型和时间模型更多考虑 外包 采购 租赁 更新期 通用部署 产品开发 测试等 技术架构储藏库 已有的IT服务目录TOGAF的TRM通用的技术模型 如TMF 技术架构开发方法 输入 外部参考资料 架构参考资料 P2 产品候选信息非架构的输入 架构工作要求书 P7 能力评估 P4 沟通计划 P4 架构的输入企业架构组织模型定制的架构框架技术原则架构工作说明书架构愿景架构储藏库 可重用的构建块 共用的参考模型 组织特定参考模型 组织标准 架构定义文档草稿架构需求规格说明书草稿架构路线图的业务 数据和应用架构构件 输入 优化和更新架构愿景阶段的交付物 架构工作说明书 P8 验证的技术原则和新技术原则架构定义文档草稿 基线技术架构1 0版 目标技术架构1 0版 技术构件以及信息系统的关系 技术平台 环境及位置 预计的处理量和在技术构件上的分布 物理 网络 通信 硬件和网络规格等 技术架构相关视图架构需求规格书草稿差距分析结果阶段B和C的需求输出更新的技术需求 输出 技术架构开发步骤 下面是完成技术架构主要活动的列表 在十几架构开发中可能有不同的顺序活动包括 选择参考模型 视点和工具开发基准技术架构描述开发目标技术架构描述进行差距分析定义路线图构件解决跨架构图景的影响进行利益相关者的正式审查最终确定技术架构建立架构定义文档 SWOT分析技术架构对业务流程改进和实施后支持人员的影响细节技术模型的类型开发方法选择 自建 外包等成本和时间模型对标准和技术业务周期的影响 参考模型TRM 移植性交互性尽量减少交互的变化 Figure43 1TechnicalReferenceModel High LevelView TRM细节图 Thethreeentities ApplicationSoftware seeSection43 3 3 ApplicationPlatform seeSection43 3 4 CommunicationsInfrastructure seeSection43 3 5 nThetwointerfaces ApplicationPlatformInterface seeSection43 3 6 CommunicationsInfrastructureInterface seeSection43 3 7 ApplicationSoftware 1 BusinessApplicationswhichimplementbusinessprocessesforaparticularenterpriseorverticalindustry Theinternalstructureofbusinessapplicationsrelatescloselytothespecificapplicationsoftwareconfigurationselectedbyanorganization 2 InfrastructureApplicationswhichprovidegeneral purposebusinessfunctionality basedoninfrastructureservices Examplesofbusinessapplications PatientrecordmanagementservicesusedintheMedicalindustryInventorymanagementservicesusedintheRetailindustryGeologicaldatamodelingservicesusedinthePetroleumindustry ExamplesofInfrastructureapplications ElectronicpaymentandfundstransferservicesElectronicmailclientservicesPublishandsubscribeIntelligentagentsCalendaringandschedulingservicesGroupwareservicesWorkflowservicesSpreadsheetsPresentationsoftwareDocumenteditingandpresentationManagementapplications performinggeneral purposesystemandnetworkmanagementfunctionsforthesystemadministratorSoftwareengineeringtools providingsoftwaredevelopmentfunctionsforsystemsdevelopmentstaff ApplicationPlatform PlatformConceptItisimportanttorecognizethattheApplicationPlatformintheTOGAFTRMisasingle generic conceptualentity FromtheviewpointoftheTOGAFTRM theApplicationPlatformcontainsallpossibleservices InaspecificTargetArchitecture theApplicationPlatformwillcontainonlythoseservicesneededtosupporttherequiredfunctions Moreover theApplicationPlatformforaspecificTargetArchitecturewilltypicallynotbeasingleentity butratheracombinationofdifferententitiesfordifferent commonlyrequiredfunctions suchasdesktopclient fileserver printserver applicationserver Internetserver databaseserver etc ExtendingtheTRMInterfacesBetweenServicesAkeygoalofarchitecturedevelopmentisforservicemodulestobecapableofreplacementbyothermodulesprovidingthesameservicefunctionalityviathesameserviceAPI FutureDevelopmentsTheTRMdealswithfuturedevelopmentsintheApplicationPlatformintwoways Firstly asinterfacestoservicesbecomestandardized functionalitywhichpreviouslyformedpartoftheApplicationSoftwareentitymigratestobecomepartoftheApplicationPlatform Secondly theTRMmaybeextendedwithnewservicecategoriesasnewtechnologyappears CommunicationsInfrastructure TheCommunicationsInfrastructureprovidesthebasicservicestointerconnectsystemsandprovidethebasicmechanismsforopaquetransferofdata Itcontainsthehardwareandsoftwareelementswhichmakeupthenetworkingandphysicalcommunicationslinksusedbyasystem andofcoursealltheothersystemsconnectedtothenetwork ItdealswiththecomplexworldofnetworksandthephysicalCommunicationsInfrastructure includingswitches serviceproviders andthephysicaltransmissionmedia Aprimarydriverinenterprise wideTechnologyArchitectureinrecentyearshasbeenthegrowingawarenessoftheutilityandcost effectivenessoftheInternetasthebasisofaCommunicationsInfrastructureforenterpriseintegration ThisiscausingarapidincreaseinInternetusageandasteadyincreaseintherangeofapplicationslinkingtothenetworkfordistributedoperation ApplicationPlatformInterface TheApplicationPlatformInterface API specifiesacompleteinterfacebetweentheApplicationSoftwareandtheunderlyingApplicationPlatformacrosswhichallservicesareprovided Arigorousdefinitionoftheinterfaceresultsinapplicationportability providedthatbothplatformandapplicationconformtoit Forthistowork theAPIdefinitionmustincludethesyntaxandsemantics 句法规则和语义 ofnotjusttheprogrammaticinterface butalsoallnecessaryprotocol 协议 anddatastructuredefinitions Portability 可移植性 dependsonthesymmetryofconformanceofbothapplicationsandtheplatformtothearchitectedAPI Thatis theplatformmustsupporttheAPIasspecified andtheapplicationmustusenomorethanthespecifiedAPI TheAPIspecifiesacompleteinterfacebetweenanapplicationandoneormoreservicesofferedbytheunderlyingApplicationPlatform AnapplicationmayuseseveralAPIs andmayevenusedifferentAPIsfordifferentimplementationsofthesameservice CommunicationsInfrastructureInterface TheCommunicationsInfrastructureInterfaceistheinterfacebetweentheApplicationPlatformandtheCommunicationsInfrastructure Figure43 1seekstoreflecttheincreasinglyimportantroleoftheInternetasthebasisforinterandintra enterpriseinteroperability Thehorizontaldimension 维度 ofthemodelinFigure43 1representsdiversity andtheshapeofthemodelisspecifically明确地intendedtoemphasizeminimumdiversityattheinterfacebetweentheApplicationPlatformandtheCommunicationsInfrastructure Inparticular themodelemphasizestheimportanceoffocusingonthecoresetofservicesthatcanbeguaranteedtobesupportedbyeveryIP basednetwork asthefoundationonwhichtobuildtoday sinteroperableenterprisecomputingenvironments Qualities Thereisasetofattributesorqualitiesthatareapplicableacrossthecomponents Forexample forthemanagementservicetobeeffective manageabilitymustbeapervasive 无处不在地 qualityofallplatformservices applications andCommunicationsInfrastructureservices Figure43 2capturesthisconceptbydepicting描述theTRMcomponentssittingonabackplane底板ofqualities Anotherexampleofaservicequalityissecurity Thepropersystem wideimplementation