高中英语语法被动语态详解ppt课件.ppt

被动语态 PassiveVoice 1 Warmingup LoveToBeLovedByYou是一首旋律优美的英文歌曲 演唱者是美国流行歌手马克 特伦茨 MarcTerenzi 2005年 Marc与德国歌手莎拉 寇娜 SarahConnor 结婚时 将这首歌作为爱的礼物献给妻子 2 Task1Filltheblankbythesong Baby tellmehowcanItellyouThatIyoumorethanlifeShowmehowcanIshowyouThatI mbyyourlightWhenyoutouchmeIcantouchyouTofindoutthedreamistrueItobelovedIneedtobeItobebyyou love blinded love loved love loved 3 Summary 主动or被动 主动 被动 ThatIloveyoumorethanlifeThatI mblindedbyyourlightIlovetobelovedIneedtobelovedIlovetobelovedbyyou 4 一 语态分类 六 总结 被动语态的时态 人称和数的变化 四 常见的八种时态中的被动语态 五 含有情态动词的被动语态 二 被动语态的使用 三 主动语态变被动语态的方法 5 一 语态分类 英语动词有两种语态 主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 如 Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver 主动 Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver 被动 汉语中常用 被 给 由 受 等词用来表示被动 而英语用 助动词be 及物动词的过去分词构成 6 被动语态的时态 人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上 其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 一般过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时 注 被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时 am is are donewas were doneshall will bedoneshould would bedoneam is are being donewas were being donehave has been donehad been doneshall will havebeen doneshould would havebeen done 7 常见的八种时态中的被动语态1 一般现在时 1 Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry 2 Theschooldoesn tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher 8 Ifhe enoughtime hewillcomeupwithanidea A givesB willgiveC isgivenD willbegiven Anewfilmisgoingto thisSunday A showB showingC beshownD beshowing 9 summary 主动语态S 主语 v 动词 S 主语 am is are 过去分词 done 一般现在时 simplepresent 10 Task3GroupWork 1一般过去时 一般将来时 情态动词 S was were P P S will be P P S can may must shoud be P P 11 三 常见的八种时态中的被动语态2 一般过去时 1 Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth 2 Thestudentsdidn tforgethislessonseasily Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten 12 三 常见的八种时态中的被动语态3 一般将来时 1 Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea Carswillbesentabroadbysea 2 Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool leavers Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool leavers 13 Ipromisethatthematterwill NMET A betadencareB betakencareofC takecareD takecareof析 takecareof 是固定短语 若无of则不可带宾语 只能跟that从句 所以此题答案为B 14 三 常见的八种时态中的被动语态4 过去将来时 1 Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear 2 Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible 15 三 常见的八种时态中的被动语态5 现在进行时 1 TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio 2 Wearepaintingtherooms Theroomsarebeingpainted 16 Haveyougottheresultofthelastexamination Notyet We vebeentoldthatthepapers A aremarkedB arebeingmarkedC havebeenmarkedD weremarked此题答案应为B 17 Wecan tusethebridgenow becauseit A hasbeenrepairedB isrepairingC isrepairedD isbeingrepaired 18 三 常见的八种时态中的被动语态6 过去进行时 1 Theworkersweremendingtheroad Theroadwasbeingmended 2 Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear 19 三 常见的八种时态中的被动语态7 现在完成时 1 Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff 2 Hehasbroughthisbookhere Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere 20 三 常见的八种时态中的被动语态8 过去完成时 1 WhenIgottothetheatre Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets WhenIgottothetheatre Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout 2 Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader 21 Alotofnewroads builtinthewestofChina A mustB mustbeC hasD have Hiscar tomorrow A willberepairedB isrepairedC isbeingrepairedD hasbeenrepaired 22 四 含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态是由 情态动词 be 及物动词的过去分词 构成 1 Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass 2 Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim 23 Askandanswer watereverydayathomemygrandma A Whenaretheflowerswatered B Theflowersarewateredeveryday A Wherearetheflowerswatered B Theflowersarewateredathome A Whoaretheflowerswateredby B Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma A Aretheflowerswateredbymygrandmaathomeeveryday B yes theyare A Whenaretheflowerswatered B Theflowersarewateredeveryday A Wherearetheflowerswatered B Theflowersarewateredathome A Whoaretheflowerswateredby B Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma A Whenaretheflowerswatered B Theflowersarewateredeveryday A Wherearetheflowerswatered B Theflowersarewateredathome A Aretheflowerswateredbymygrandmaathomeeveryday B yes theyare A Whoaretheflowerswateredby B Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma A Whenaretheflowerswatered B Theflowersarewateredeveryday A Wherearetheflowerswatered B Theflowersarewateredathome WhenWhereWho 24 sweeponweekendsinthekitchenmymother Whenwherewho 25 五 主动语态变被动语态的方法 Iboughtacomputerlastterm Acomputerwasbought byme lastterm 宾 受动者 主 谓 Acomputerwasbought byme lastterm Task4 26 语态转换时所注意的问题1 把主动语态变为被动语态时 其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致 其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致 Wehaveboughtanewcomputer Anewcomputerhasbeenbought 正确 Anewcomputerhavebeenbought 错误 2 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时 可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语 另一个不动 一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多 Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday 如果把直接宾语 指物 改为主语 则在间接宾语 指人 前加适当的介词 如上句还可以说 Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday 保留宾语 27 注意 1 一般在下列动词后 常在间接宾语前用介词to 如 bring give hand lend offer pass pay promise sell show take teach tell等 1 Thebookwasshowedtotheclass 2 Mybikewaslenttoher 2 一般在下列动词后 间接宾语前用介词for 如 build buy cook cut choose do fetch find fix get keep make order paint play sing等 1 Anewskirtwasmadeforme 2 Themeatwascookedforus 3 Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus 28 3 当主动句的主语是nobody noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时 被动句中将其变为anybody 作by的宾语 并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态 如 Nobodycananswerthisquestion 误 Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody 正 Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody 29 6 并不是所有动词都有被动语态1 happen takeplace breakout belongto cost last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态 如 误 GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978 正 GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978 30 2 open break drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态 如 误 Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself 正 Thedoorhasopenedofitself 8 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词 如 TheSARSpatientshavebeentakengoodcareof 31 9 一些特殊动词 如borrow finish begin buy start return marry open join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用 若要表达相应的意思 则需改换动词或时态 如 32 Mybrotherhashad 不能用hasbought thisbikeforalmostfouryears Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought Howlongagowasthisbookbought 33 10 在汉语中 有一类句子不出现主语 在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示 例如 据说 Itissaidthat 据报导 Itisreportedthat 据推