被动语态讲义.doc

被动语态(一定不要忘记构成被动语态的系动词)一被动语态的构成主语+be+及物动词的过去分词 (注：其中be动词是助动词，无实际意义，仅是与后面的过去分词一起构成句子的谓语，他有时态和数的变化。)1.各种时态下被动语态的构成情况：1.）一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard. Knives are used for cutting things.2.）一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year.Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.3）一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year. 4）现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.5）现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. My bike is being repaired by Tom now.They are planting trees over there. 6）过去进行时，构成：“was/were+being及物动词的过去分词”。 The hall was being built last year. Im not sure if it is completed. 这个大厅去年正在修建， 我不知道现在完成了没有。 7）过去完成时的被动语态：would + be + 及物动词的过去分词He said he would finish the work soon.He said _8）过去将来时的被动语态：would/should/be going to + be +及物动词的过去分词 He said a kite would be made by him9）含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.二、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：窗户是迈克打破的。 这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要； 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。主动语态变被动语态1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom. 主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。（2）将动词改为be+过去分词。注：其中be动词的时态形式要根据主动语态中的时态而做出改变。They held a meeting yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为by放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。He sang a song. 注意:1. 不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years.The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如：write，sell,等 This pen writes well. This new book sells well.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。如：眼五耳二使三一感觉。例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do somethingsomebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work.His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，若直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book.He showed me a ticket.My father bought me a new bike. 5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We cant laugh at him. He listens to the radio every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. 6.宾语补足语的被动语态They call him Bob. /He is called Bob.二、单项选择 1: 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found2 English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken3 This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used21 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep2 -Id like to buy that coat. -Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold3 A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building4 The key _ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left5 Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need3( ) 1 Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 2 These papers_yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written( ) 3 The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt41 -My shoes are worn out.- _. A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended?2 _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are3 _ these desks be needed? A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do51 Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D.a meeting wasnt held2 Who was the book_? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by3 Where _ these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. am61 The flowers_often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 2 The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 3 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended7( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt( ) 2 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.A. is going to be shown B.will shown C. will show D. is shown( ) 3 The old stone bridge _ next week.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild8( ) 1 Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( ) 2 The pot _ for _ hot water.A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( ) 3 Tea _ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( ) 4 The bridges_ two years ago. A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( ) 5 Wet clothes are often_up near a fire in rainy weather.A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung9( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing( ) 2 The teapot _ water. A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled( ) 3 Old people must be looked after well and _ politely.A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to( ) 4 Old people must _.A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well10( ) 1 Newly-born babies_in hospital.A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care( ) 2 They were_ at the sudden noise. A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens( ) 3 These walls_stones. A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into111 Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday. A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said2 The papers _ to them. A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown( ) 3 The coat_her sister. A.made to B.were made for C.was made for D.was made to12( ) 1 I _ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given( ) 2 Good care_such things.A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of ( ) 3 She will_good care_. A.take;of B.be taken;of C. take;for you D. be taken;of you13( ) 1 The teacher made