高考英语 考前100天冲刺 专题4 推理判断题课件.ppt

四 推理判断题 unit1a 2012 福建 b 话题 婚姻生活词数 287w难度 atexactlyelevensirpercivalknockedandentered withanxietyandworryineverylineofhisface thismeetingwoulddecidehisfuturelife andheobviouslyknewit youmaywonder sirpercival saidlauracalmly ifiamgoingtoasktobereleased 免除 frommypromisetomarryyou iamnotgoingtoaskthis irespectmyfather swishestoomuch hisfacerelaxedalittle butoneofhisfeetkeptbeatingthecarpet no ifwearegoingtowithdraw 退出 fromourplannedmarriage itwillbebecauseofyourwish notmine mine hesaidingreatsurprise whatreasoncouldihaveforwithdrawing areasonthatisveryhardtotellyou sheanswered thereisachangeinme hisfacewentsopalethatevenhislipslosttheircolor heturnedhisheadtooneside whatchange heasked tryingtoappearcalm whenthepromisewasmadetwoyearsago shesaid mylovedidnotbelongtoanyone willyouforgiveme sirpercival ifitellyouthatitnowbelongstoanotherperson iwishyoutounderstand lauracontinued thatiwillneverseethispersonagain andthatifyouleaveme youonlyallowmetoremainasinglewomanfortherestofmylife alliaskisthatyouforgivemeandkeepmysecret iwilldoboththosethings hesaid thenhelookedatlaura asifhewaswaitingtohearmore ithinkihavesaidenoughtogiveyoureasontowithdrawfromourmarriage sheaddedquietly no youhavesaidenoughtomakeitthedearestwishofmylifetomarryyou hesaid 语篇导读 本文为小说节选 是关于percival和laura的对话 percival的未婚妻laura在订婚后爱上了别人 laura决定退婚 但percival还是决定要娶她 1 howdidpercivalfeelduringhismeetingwithlaura a angry b calm c nervous d excited 解析 选c 细节理解题 根据第一段withanxietyandworry可知 percival进入房间时很紧张 2 wecanlearnfromthepassagethat a laurahadoncepromisedtomarrypercivalb laura sfatherwishedtoendhermarriagec percivalhadbeenmarriedtolaurafortwoyearsd percivalaskedtobereleasedfromthemarriage 解析 选a 细节理解题 根据laura所说 两年前她曾承诺嫁给percival 故选a 3 thepassageisprobablytakenoutof a anovelb areportc adiaryd anessay 解析 选a 推理判断题 本文为两个人的对话 且根据对话可知本文为一个完整故事的节选 故更可能选自小说 b 2012 广东 a 话题 社会生活词数 314w难度 haveaniceday maybeapleasantgestureorameaninglessexpression whenmyfriendmaxiesays haveaniceday withasmile iknowshesincerelycaresaboutwhathappenstome ifeellovedandsecuresinceanotherpersoncaresaboutmeandwishesmewell haveaniceday next thisversionoftheexpressionisspokenbyasalesgirlatthesupermarketwhoisrushingmeandmygroceriesoutthedoor thewordscomeoutinthesametone 腔调 withafixedprocedure theyarespokenatme nottome obviously theconcernformydayandeveryoneelse sisthemanagement sattempttoincreasebusiness theexpressionisoneofthosebehaviorsthathelppeoplegetalongwitheachother sometimesitindicatestheendofameeting assoonasyouhearit youknowthemeetingisatanend sometimestheexpressionsavesuswhenwedon tknowwhattosay oh youjusthadatoothout i mterriblysorry buthaveaniceday theexpressioncanbepleasant ifastrangersays haveaniceday toyou youmayfinditheart warmingbecausesomeoneyoudon tknowhastriedtobenicetoyou althoughtheuseoftheexpressionisaninsincere meaninglesssocialcustomattimes thereisnothingwrongwiththesentenceexceptthatitisalittleuninteresting thesalesgirl thewaitress theteacher andallthecountlessotherswhospeakitwithoutthinkingmaynotreallycareaboutmyday butinastrangeandcomfortableway it snicetoknowtheycareenoughtopretendtheycarewhentheyreallydon tcareallthatmuch whiletheexpressionmaynotoftenbesincere itisalwaysspoken thepointisthatpeoplesayitallthetimewhentheylike 语篇导读 本文主要探讨了人们见面时的常用语haveaniceday的社会意义 通过简单的一句 haveaniceday 人们可以为彼此带来欢乐 这也已经成为一种社会习惯 4 howdoestheauthorunderstandmaxie swords a maxieshowsheranxietytotheauthor b maxiereallywishestheauthoragoodday c maxieencouragestheauthortostayhappy d maxiereallyworriesabouttheauthor ssecurity 解析 选b 细节理解题 由文章第一段的第二句可知maxie在祝愿作者一天开心 5 whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2mean a thesalesgirlisrude b thesalesgirlisbored c thesalesgirlcaresaboutme d thesalesgirlsaysthewordsasaroutine 解析 选d 细节理解题 由第二段中 thewordscomeoutinthesametonewithafixedprocedure 一句可知女销售员说 haveaniceday 是一种形式 6 bysaying haveaniceday astrangermay a trytobepolitetoyoub expressrespecttoyouc givehisblessingtoyoud sharehispleasurewithyou 解析 选a 推理判断题 由第四段中 someoneyoudon tknowhastriedtobenicetoyou 可知陌生人是在尽力礼貌地待你 7 accordingtothelastparagraph peoplesay haveaniceday a sincerelyb asthanksc asahabitd encouragingly 解析 选c 推理判断题 由最后一段第一句中 althoughtheuseoftheexpressionisaninsincere meaninglesssocialcustomattimes 可知人们说 haveaniceday 已经成为一种社会习惯 8 whatisthebesttitleofthepassage a haveaniceday asocialcustomb haveaniceday apleasantgesturec haveaniceday aheart warminggreetingd haveaniceday apoliteendingofaconversation 解析 选a 主旨大意题 通览全文及结合文章最后一段的第一句中 althoughtheuseoftheexpressionisaninsincere meaninglesssocialcustomattimes 可知简单的一句 haveaniceday 已经成为一种交际习惯 c 2012 安徽 a 话题 广告宣传词数 237w难度 welcometooneofthelargestcollectionsoffootwear 鞋类 intheworldthatwillmakeyougreenwithenvy hereatthefootwearmuseumyoucanseeexhibits 展品 fromallovertheworld youcanfindoutaboutshoeswornbyeveryonefromtheancientegyptianstopopstars room1thecelebrity 名人 footwearsectionisprobablythemostpopularintheentiremuseum startedinthe1950sthereisawidevarietyofshoesandbootsbelongingtoeveryonefromqueensandpresidentstopopstarsandactors mostvisitorsfindthecelebrities choiceoffootwearextremelyinteresting room2mostofourvisitorsareamazed andshocked bythecollectionof specialpurpose shoesonexhibitionhereatthemuseumoffootwear forexample therearechineseshoesmadeofsilkthatwerewornbywomentotietheirfeetfirmlytopreventthemfromgrowingtoomuch room3aswellasshoesandbootsthemuseumalsoexhibitsshoe shapedobjects thevarietyisunbelievable forexample thereisametallampthatresemblesapairofshoes andgreekwinebottlesthatlooklikelegs thefootwearlibrarypeoplecomefromallovertheworldtostudyinourexcellentfootwearlibrary designersandresearcherscomeheretolookupinformationonanythingandeverythingrelatedtothesubjectoffootwear 语篇导读 本文是一则广告 介绍了专门收集鞋子的展览 目的在于吸引人们到此参观 9 wherewouldyoufindafamoussinger sshoes a room1 b room2 c room3 d thefootwearlibrary 解析 选a 细节理解题 由room1中的celebrity fromqueensandpresidentstopopstarsandactors等可以很容易得知该题选择a项 10 allexhibitsineachroom a sharethesamethemeb havethesameshapec aremadeofthesamemateriald belongtothesamesocialclass 解析 选a 推理判断题 此展览是在thefootwearmuseum举办的 所有的展品都和鞋子有关 包括名人穿过的鞋子 特殊用途的鞋子 鞋子形状的物体和鞋类图书馆 即所有的展品都围绕同一个主题 因此选择a项 11 whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext a theoldestexhibitsinroom1weremadeinthe1950s b room2isthemostvisitedplaceinthemuseum c room3hasarichervarietyofexhibitsthantheothertwo d researcherscometothefootwearlibraryfordata 解析 选d 细节理解题 由room1可知 thecelebrityfootwearsection创办于the1950s 因此a项错误 room2中并没有提到此展区是参观者光顾最多的地方 room3中只提到thevarietyisunbelievable 但是并没有与其他展区的展品种类比较 由thefootwearlibrary部分的句子designersandresearcherscomeheretolookupinformation可知 d项正确 12 thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto a doresearchb designshoesc visitthemuseumd followcelebrities 解析 选c 主旨大意题 由文章首句welcometooneofthelargestcollectionsoffootwearintheworld 可知 该广告的目的是让人们到thefootwearmuseum参观 因此c项正确 长难句分析 forexample therearechineseshoesmadeofsilkthatwerewornbywomentotietheirfeetfirmlytopreventthemfromgrowingtoomuch 分析 本句中主句为therearechineseshoes 后面有多个修饰成分 过去分词短语madeofsilk和定语从句thatwerewornbywomen作定语修饰shoes 不定式totietheirfeetfirmly作定语从句的目的状语 而不定式topreventthemfromgrowingtoomuch又作动词tie的目的状语 译文 例如 有中国妇女穿的丝质鞋子 这种鞋子把脚紧紧地包裹起来 以阻止脚长得过快 d 2012 新课标全国卷 e 话题 地方介绍词数 226w难度 areyoulookingforsomenewandexcitingplacestotakeyourkids 孩子 to trysomeoftheseplaces visitartmuseums theyofferavarietyofactivitiestoexciteyourkids interest manyofferworkshopsformakinghand madepieces travelingexhibits booksigningsbychildren sfavoritewriter andevenmusicalperformancesandotherarts headtoanaturalhistorymuseum thisiswherekidscandiscoverthepastfromdinosaur 恐龙 modelstorockcollectionsandpicturesofstarsinthesky also askwhatkindofworkshopsandeducationalprogramsarepreparedforkidsandanyspecialeventsthatarecomingup gotoayoutheater lookforoneinyourareaofferingplaysforchildandfamilyvisitors pre showplayshopsareconductedbyareaartistsandeducatorswherekidscandiscoverthesecretaboutperformingarts puppet 木偶 makingandstagemake uparejustacoupleofthespecialofferingsyoumightfind tryhands onscience visitoneofthemanyhands onsciencemuseumsaroundthecountry thesescienceplay landsaregreatfunforkidsandgrown upsalike they llkeepyourchildmentallyandphysicallyactivethewholedaythroughwhilepushingbuttons experimenting andbuilding wheneveryoneistired enjoyafunfamilyscienceshow commonlyfoundinthesemuseums 语篇导读 本文主要向读者介绍可以带孩子去的几个地方 并且对这些地方有什么活动也简单地进行了介绍 13 ifachildisinterestedintheuniverse heprobablywillvisit a ayoutheaterb anartmuseumc anaturalhistorymuseumd ahands onsciencemuseum 解析 选c 细节理解题 根据第三段的 headtoanaturalhistorymuseum thisiswherekidscandiscoverthepastfromdinosaurmodelstorockcollectionsandpicturesofstarsinthesky 可知 14 whatcankidsdoatayoutheater a lookatrockcollections b seedinosaurmodels c watchpuppetmaking d giveperformances 解析 选c 细节理解题 根据第四段的gotoayoutheater 中的内容 可知在这个地方 孩子们可以观看艺术家的表演和木偶的制作 故选c 15 whatdoes hands onscience meaninthelastparagraph a sciencegamesdesignedbykids b learningsciencebydoingthings c ashowofkids sciencework d readingsciencebooks 解析 选b 词义猜测题 根据这部分的 they llkeepyourchildmentallyandphysicallyactivethewholedaythroughwhilepushingbuttons experimenting andbuilding 可知 hands onscience表示通过亲自操作一些东西来了解科学 故选b 16 wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom a asciencetextbook b atouristmap c amuseumguide d anewsreport 解析 选c 推理判断题 本文主要介绍人们可以带孩子去的几个博物馆 并且对这几个地方进行了介绍 所以这篇文章应选自博物馆指南 故选c e 2012 重庆卷 e 话题 社会生活词数 256w难度 inhis1930essay economicpossibilitiesforourgrandchildren johnkeynes afamouseconomist wrotethathumanneedsfallintotwoclasses absoluteneeds whichareindependentofwhatothershave andrelativeneeds whichmakeusfeelsuperiortoourfellows hethoughtthatalthoughrelativeneedsmayindeedbeinsatiable 无止境的 thisisnottrueofabsoluteneeds keyneswassurelycorrectthatonlyasmallpartoftotalspendingisdecidedbythedesireforsuperiority hewasgreatlymistaken however inseeingthisdesireastheonlysourceofinsatiabledemands decisionstospendarealsodrivenbyideasofqualitywhichcaninfluencethedemandforalmostallgoods includingevenbasicgoodslikefood whenacouplegoesoutforananniversarydinner forexample thethoughtoffeelingsuperiortoothersprobablynevercomestothem theirgoalistoshareaspecialmealthatstandsoutfromothermeals therearenoobviouslimitstotheescalationofdemandsforquality forexample porsche afamouscarproducer hasamodelwhichwasconsideredperhapsthebestsportscaronthemarket pricedatover 120 000 ithandlesperfectlywellandhasgreatspeedacceleration butin2004 theproducerintroducedsomechangeswhichmadethemodelslightlybetterinhandlingandacceleration peoplewhoreallycareaboutcarsfindthesesmallimprovementsexciting togetthem however theymustpayalmostfourtimestheprice byplacingthedesiretobesuperiortoothersattheheartofhisdescriptionofinsatiabledemands keynesactuallyreducedsuchdemands however thedesireforhigherqualityhasnonaturallimits 语篇导读 johnkeynes在1930年提出了 人们的相对需求是无止境的 而绝对需求则不然 的观点 然而本文作者却用事实证明了绝对需求也是无止境的 17 accordingtothepassage johnkeynesbelievedthat a desireistherootofbothabsoluteandrelativeneedsb absoluteneedscomefromoursenseofsuperiorityc relativeneedsaloneleadtoinsatiabledemandsd absoluteneedsarestrongerthanrelativeneeds 解析 选c 推理判断题 由第一段的最后一句和第二段可知 johnkeynes相信只有相对的需求是无止境的 18 whatdoweknowaboutthecoupleinparagraph3 a theywanttoshowtheirsuperiority b theyfindspecialtyimportanttomeals c theirdemandsforfoodarenoteasilysatisfied d theirchoiceofdinnerisrelatedtoideasofquality 解析 选d 推理判断题 作者在第三段第一句中提出追求事物的质量也是决定消费的因素 然后用一对夫妇吃晚餐的事例来证明这一观点 所以说这对夫妇对晚餐的选择与质量观念有关 19 whatdoestheunderlinedword escalation inparagraph4probablymean a understanding b increase c difference d study 解析 选b 词义猜测题 由第四段的事例可知 人们对质量的需求是不断地增长的 即对于质量的需求的增长是没有明显限制的 20 theauthorofthepassagearguesthat a absoluteneedshavenolimitsb demandsforqualityarenotinsatiablec humandesiresinfluenceideasofqualityd relativeneedsdecidemostofourspending 解析 选a 观点态度题 由第二段第二句可知 作者认为 只有相对的需求是无止境的 这一观点是错的 言外之意 绝对的需求也是无止境的 而在最后一段最后一句中 作者又明确提出了追求质量的需求 即绝对需求 是没有限制的 故作者认为绝对需求是没有限制的 长难句分析 inhis1930essay economicpossibilitiesforourgrandchildren johnkeynes afamouseconomist wrotethathumanneedsfallintotwoclasses absoluteneeds whichareindependentofwhatothershave andrelativeneeds whichmakeusfeelsuperiortoourfellows 分析 本句是个复合句 句子主干是 johnkeyneswrote 句中afamouseconomist是johnkeynes的同位语 that引导的是宾语从句 作wrote的宾语 whichareindependentofwhatothershave和whichmakeusfeelsuperiortoourfellows是定语从句 分别修饰先行词absoluteneeds和relativeneeds 译文 johnkeynes在1930年写的论文 我们后代的经济前景 中写道 人类的需求可以分为两类 一类是绝对的需求 这种需求是与别人无关的 另一类是相对的需求 这种需求的满足能够使我们感觉比他人更优越 unit2a 2011 湖北 c 话题 环境保护词数 365w难度 intoday sthrow awaysociety dealingwiththecity sgrowingmountainofwasteisanincreasingchallengeforthecitycouncil 市议会 recently edinburghisfacedwiththeproblemofdisposingof 处理 about250 000milliontonsofwasteayear despitedifferentwaystodisposeofmuchofitinagreenmanner largelythroughencouragingrecycling itsagingfacilitiessuchasthepowderhalllandfilldonothavetheabilitytodealwithit theeuropeanunion eu hasissuedanewpolicy regulatinghowsuchmountainsofwastearetobedisposedof thefivecouncils edinburgh eastlothian westlothian midlothianandborders facefinesaround 18millionayearfrom2013iftheydon tincreaserecyclinglevelsandrelylessonlandfill withthisinmind thecouncilsgottogetherwiththeideaofbuildingalargeincineratorplant 垃圾焚烧厂 toburnhalfofthewasteproducedintheirdistricts butthisplanfellapartafterthechangeoftargetlevelsbyanewukgovernmentwastepolicywhichrequiredthatnomorethan25 ofthecity swasteshouldbedisposedofinthiswayby2025 aftertheplanwasabandoned aprivatecompanywhichalreadytransportedmillionsoftonsofthecity swastebytraintoalandfillsiteneardunbar offeredanalternativesolutionwhenitsuggestedopeningahugewastesitenearportobello sincepowderhallissupposedtoclosein2015 itseemednecessaryforthemembersoftheedinburghcounciltoacceptthesuggestion butsoontheyturneditdown after700localobjectionsreachedthem becauseitwouldhavemeanthundredsoflorriesadaymakingloudnoisethroughheavilypopulatedareas thatstillleavesthecouncilwithaproblem by2013 only50 of1995levelsofwastewillbeallowedtobesenttolandfill evenifrecyclingtargetsaremet therewillstillbealargeamountofrubbishtobeburntup duetothis edinburghandmidlothiancouncilshavenowdecidedtoworktogethertobuildanincineratorplantastimetofindasolutionisfastrunningout 语篇导读 如何处理日益增多的垃圾 摆在了爱丁堡议会的面前 在提出的新建垃圾焚烧厂 运送垃圾到其他处理点等措施因各种原因被否决后 爱丁堡议会如何去面对挑战 1 themainwayofhandlingwasteinagreenmannerinedinburghis a recyclingb restoringc buryingd burning 解析 选a 细节理解题 由文中第二段 largelythroughencouragingrecycling 可知 2 thefivecouncilsworkedoutaplantobuildanincineratorplantto a reducethecostofburyingwasteb meettheeurequirementsc speedupwasterecyclingd replacelandfillsites 解析 选b 细节理解题 由文中第三段theeuropeanunion eu hasissuedanewpolicy regulatinghowsuchmountainsofwastearetobedisposedof thefivecouncils 可知 3 thecitycouncilofedinburghrejectedthesuggestiontoopenahugelandfillsitenearportobellobecause a itcamefromaprivatecompanyb thecouncilwasnotinterestedinitc itwasnotsupportedbyeud thelocalpeoplewereagainstit 解析 选d 推理判断题 倒数第二段 after700localobjectionsreachedthem becauseitwouldhavemeanthundredsoflorriesadaymakingloudnoise 可知 4 whatisthefinaldecisionofedinburghandmidlothiancouncils a toopenanewlandfillnearby b toclosethepowderhalllandfillin2015 c tosetupaplantforburningwaste d topersuadepeopletoreducetheirwaste 解析 选c 细节理解题 由文中最后一句话 edinburghandmidlothiancouncilshavenowdecidedtoworktogethertobuildanincineratorplant 可知 长难句分析 butthisplanfellapartafterthechangeoftargetlevelsbyanewukgovernmentwastepolicywhichrequiredthatnomorethan25 ofthecity swasteshouldbedisposedofinthiswayby2025 分析 本句中主语为thisplan 谓语动词为fellapart after 为时间状语 which引导定语从句修饰policy that 引导宾语从句作required的宾语 译文 但是这项计划在英国政府颁布新的垃圾处理标准后就破灭了 这项新政策要求城市不超过25 的垃圾到2025年以此方式进行处理 b 2011 安徽 b 话题 科普知识词数 224w难度 thinkaboutthedifferentwaysthatpeopleusethewind youcanuseittoflyakiteortosailaboat windisoneofourcleanestandrichestpowersources 来源 aswellasoneoftheoldest evidenceshowsthatwindmills 风车 begantobeusedinancientiranbackintheseventhcenturybc theywerefirst introducedtoeuropeduringthe1100s whenarmiesreturnedfromthemiddleeastwithknowledgeofusingwindpower formanycenturies peopleusedwindmillstogrind 磨碎 wheatintoflourorpumpwaterfromdeepunderground whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity thisallowedthemtohaveelectriclightsandradio however bythe1940s whenelectricitywasavailabletopeopleinalmostallareasoftheunitedstates windmillswererarelyused duringthe1970s peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreatedwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnotlastforever then windwasrediscovered thoughitmeanshighercosts today thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind 语篇导读 本文介绍了风能及风能运用的情况 在能源短缺的今天 作为最为洁净 丰富的能源之一 风能 一定会对我们的生活做出极大的贡献 5 fromthetextweknowthatwindmills a wereinventedbyeuropeanarmiesb haveahistoryofmorethan2 800yearsc usedtosupplypowertoradioinremoteareasd haverarelybeenusedsinceelectricitywasdiscovered 解析 选c 细节理解题 根据第二段内容可知 十九世纪末有了电之后 偏僻地区的人们就利用风车发电 于是人们就有了电灯和收音机 因此选择c项 根据第一段中 windmillsbegantobeusedinancientiranbackintheseventhcenturybc 可知 a项错误 b项错在morethan 根据末段句子可知 尽管成本较高 人们依然使用风能提供电力 因此d项错误 6 whatwasanewuseforwindpowerinthelate19thcentury a sailingaboat b producingelectricity c grindingwheatintoflour d pumpingwaterfromunderground 解析 选b 细节理解题 根据第二段内容可知 人们最初利用风车磨面或抽水 十九世纪末有了电之后 人们又用其发电 因此选择b项 7 oneofthereasonswindwasrediscoveredinthe1970sisthat a windpoweriscleanerb itisoneoftheoldestpowersourcesc itwascheapertocreateenergyfromwindd thesupplyofcoalandgasfailedtomeetneeds 解析 选a 推理判断题 根据最后一段可知 二十世纪七十年代 人们注重环保 而且认识到煤和天然气的短缺 而风能的特点是洁净 丰富和历史悠久 但是成本较高 所以a项最佳 误区警示 推理判断时要紧扣原文特定信息 进行分析 如d项是根据 peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnotlastforever 进行推断 但原文表达的意思是人们也意识到单纯依靠煤和天然气不会持续很长时间 早晚会用尽 但并不能据此就推断它们现在已不能满足需要 8 whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows a theadvantagesofwindpower b thedesignofwindpowerplants c theworldwidemovementtosaveenergy d theglobaltrendtowardsproducingpowerfromwind 解析 选d 推理判断题 根据末段句子today thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind 可知 接下来作者应该谈论利用风能发电的情况 因此选择d项 c 2011 陕西 b 话题 人物传记词数 270w难度 mostpeopleknowthatmariecuriewasthefirstwomantowinthenobelprize andthefirstpersonto