第一讲 中考阅读理解如何猜测生词及练习

第一讲 中考阅读理解如何猜测生词及练习 同学们，你们好！如何搞好最后的复习，哪种方法最适合我们，我想这是每个同学都在关心的问题。今天我要谈的是做好中考“阅读理解”的一些方法。 随着新课程标准的不断实施，重综合运用能力、轻语法已成为中考英语的命题趋势。阅读是英语学习中听、说、读、写四种技能之一，阅读理解能力的高低也是衡量一个人英语水平的重要标志之一。要想做好中考的阅读理解，首先要知道中考对阅读理解的要求。根据教育部制定的英语课程标准，初中毕业生应达到五级综合语言运用能力。 阅读理解五级的目标部分描 述如下： 1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义； 2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系； 3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局； 4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料； 5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息； 6、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到 15 万词以上 (上海的要求更高一些， 30 万词以上 )所谓阅读能力是指视读能力、理解能力和对所读材料的评价能力。 阅读理解的能力不是短期内能够培养成的，我们在最后复习的阶段，主要的是熟悉各种题型的解题方法 。提高解题的正确率，得到理想的分数，下面我根据具体的实例来分析常见的阅读理解的解题方法，希望对大家有帮助。 请看下面的阅读材料 Happiness is for everyone. You don t need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time. In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you； when you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of your life and your health； when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you； when you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. All these are your happiness. If you notice a bit of them, you can see that happiness is always around you. Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also you are very happy, because you have something else that can t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor and poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, life is like a revolving(旋转的 )door. When it does, it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and lucky person. 1. Those who have big houses may often feel _. A. happy B. lonely C. free D. excited 2. When you fall down in a PE class, both your teacher and your classmates will _. A. laugh at you B. play jokes on you C. quarrel with you D. help you up 3. What will your friends say to you when you make great progress? A. Oh, so do I. B. Congratulations. C. Good luck. D. It s just so-so. 4. Which idea is NOT RIGHT according to the passage? A. People who have cars would never like to walk in the open air. B. You can get help from others when you make mistakes. C. You can still be a happy person even if you have little money. D. Happiness is always around you though difficulties come towards you. 5. Which of the following is this passage about? A. Bad luck. B. Good luck. C. Happiness. D. Life. 透析： 1. B。这是一个考查细节和事实的题目。文章中有明确的叙述： Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely . 所问问题和原文的叙述完全一样。 2. D。这也是一个考查细节和事实的题目。在所给文章中可以找到这样地叙述：When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you. 根据这一叙述，我们可以判断：当你在体育课上摔倒时，你的老师和同学们肯定会帮你站起来的。 3. B。这一道阅读理解题同样是考查事实和细节的题目。在阅读文章里我们也能找到关于这问题的叙述： when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you. 4. A。这是一道判断题目。阅读文章里明确叙述： those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.阅读理解题的 A 项说，有车的人永远不愿在室外走，与文章所讲完全不同，因此是不对的。 5. C。这是一道考查文章主题的题目。这篇文章共有三段。 第一段的主题句是：Happiness is for everyone. 第二段的主题句是： In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. 第三段的主题句是： Happiness is not the same as money. 三段的主题都是围绕 happiness 展开的，所以正确答案是 happiness。 阅读理解经常会遇到生词，这些生词怎么解决呢？下面我 就介绍一些猜词的技巧： 1.通过因果关系猜词 通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词 (如 because， as， since， for， so， thus， as a result，of course， therefore 等等 )表示前因后果。例如： You shouldnt have blamed him for that， for it wasnt his fault.通过 for 引出的句子所表示的原因 (那不是他的错 )，可猜出 blame 的词义是 责备 。 2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 通过同义词猜词，一是要看由 and 或 or 连接的同义词词组，如 happy and gay，即使我们不认识 gay 这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如 Man has known something about the planets Venus， Mars， and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的 Venus(金星 )、 Mars(火星 )、 Jupiter(木星 )均为生词，但只要知道 planets 就 可猜出这几个词都属于 行星 这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如 but， while， however 等；二是看与 not 搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely， not at all as handsome as his brother.根据 not at all.handsome 我们不难推测出 homely 的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。 3.通过构词法猜词 在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举 足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，如前缀 un-表反义词，如 happy、 unhappy， fair、unfair， important、 unimportant 等； 后缀 - ment 表名词，如 develop、development， state、 statement， argue、 argument 等；后缀 -er、 -or 或 -ist表同源名词；如 calculate、 calculator， visit、 visitor， law、 lawyer， wait、waiter， sci- ence、 scientist， art、 artist 等，这些问题便不难解决了。 4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义 例如： But sometimes， no rain falls for a long， long time. Then there is a dry period， or drought. 从 drought 所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即 drought，由此可见 drought 意思为 久旱 ，旱灾 。而 a dry period 和 drought 是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由 is，or， that is， in other words， be called 或破折号等来表示。 5.通过句法功能来推测词义 例如： Bananas， oranges， pineapples， coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如 pineapples 和 coconuts 是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples， coconuts 和 bananas， oranges 是同类关系，同属 fruit 类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。 6.通过描述猜词 描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如： The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly， it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描 述中可以得知 penguin 是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。 总而言之，阅读理解靠的是扎实的语言基础，扎实的语言基础来自平时严格的基本功训练和长期的知识积累。只要平时刻苦用功，打下扎实的英语知识基础，又掌握了较科学的解题方法做“阅读理解”题是不会太难的。今天我就讲到这里。祝大家中考顺利。下面为大家准备几篇阅读理解，仔细做过再看分析哦。 When you want to go shopping, decide how much money you can spend for new clothes. Think about the kind of clothes you really need. Then look for those clothes on sale(销售 ). There are labels(标签 )inside all new clothes. The labels tell you how to take care of your clothes. The label for a shirt may tell you to wash it in warm water. A sweater label may tell you to wash by washing in cold water. The label on a coat may say dry clean only. Washing may ruin(损坏 )this coat. If you do as the directions(说明 )say on the label, you can keep your clothes looking their best. Many clothes today must be dry cleaned. Dry cleaning is expensive. When buying new clothes, check(核实 )to see if they will need to be dry cleaned. You will save money if you buy clothes that can be washed. You can save money if you buy clothes that are well made. Well-made clothes last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Clothes that cost more money are not always better made. They do not always fit(合身 )better. Sometime less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes. 1.If you want to save money you can buy clothes that _. A. dont fit you B. dont last long C. need to be dry cleaned D. can be washed 2.The label inside the clothes tell you_. A. how to keep them looking their best B. how to save money C. whether they fit you or not D. where to get them dry cleaned 3.The first thing for you to do before you buy clothes is _. A. to look for well-made clothes B. to see how much money you can pay C. to know how to wash them D. to read the labels inside them 4.We learn from the reading that cheaper clothes _. A. are always worse made B. must be dry cleaned C. can not be washed D. can sometimes fit you be