英语演讲稿-Malcolm X- Message To The Grass Roots.doc

演讲稿 英语演讲稿-malcolm x: message to the grass roots .andduringthefewmomentsthatwehaveleft,wewanttohavejustanoff-the-cuffchatbetweenyouandme-us.wewanttotalkrightdowntoearthinalanguagethateverybodyherecaneasilyunderstand.weallagreetonight,allofthespeakershaveagreed,thatamericahasaveryseriousproblem.notonlydoesamericahaveaveryseriousproblem,butourpeoplehaveaveryseriousproblem.americasproblemisus.wereherproblem.theonlyreasonshehasaproblemisshedoesntwantushere.andeverytimeyoulookatyourself,beyoublack,brown,red,oryellow-aso-callednegro-yourepresentapersonwhoposessuchaseriousproblemforamericabecauseyourenotwanted.onceyoufacethisasafact,thenyoucanstartplottingacoursethatwillmakeyouappearintelligent,insteadofunintelligent.whatyouandineedtodoislearntoforgetourdifferences.whenweetogether,wedontetogetherasbaptistsormethodists.youdontcatchhellcauseyoureabaptist,andyoudontcatchhellcauseyoureamethodist.youdontcatchhellcauseyoureamethodistorbaptist.youdontcatchhellbecauseyoureademocratorarepublican.youdontcatchhellbecauseyoureamasonoranelk.andyousuredontcatchhellcauseyoureanamerican;causeifyouwasanamerican,youwouldntcatchnohell.youcatchhellcauseyoureablackman.youcatchhell,allofuscatchhell,forthesamereason.soweareallblackpeople,so-callednegroes,second-classcitizens,ex-slaves.youarenothingbutasicex-slave.youdontliketobetoldthat.butwhatelseareyou?youareex-slaves.youdidntehereonthemayflower.youcamehereonaslaveship-inchains,likeahorse,oracow,orachicken.andyouwerebroughtherebythepeoplewhocamehereonthemayflower.youwerebroughtherebytheso-calledpilgrims,orfoundingfathers.theyweretheoneswhobroughtyouhere.wehaveamonenemy.wehavethisinmon:wehaveamonoppressor,amonexploiter,andamondiscriminator.butonceweallrealizethatwehavethismonenemy,thenweuniteonthebasisofwhatwehaveinmon.andwhatwehaveforemostinmonisthatenemy-thewhiteman.hesanenemytoallofus.iknowsomeofyouallthinkthatsomeofthemarentenemies.timewilltell.inbandungbackin,ithink,1954,wasthefirstunitymeetingincenturiesofblackpeople.andonceyoustudywhathappenedatthebandungconference,andtheresultsofthebandungconference,itactuallyservesasamodelforthesameprocedureyouandicanusetogetourproblemssolved.atbandungallthenationscametogether.theirweredarknationsfromafricaandasia.someofthemwerebuddhists.someofthemweremuslim.someofthemwerechristians.someofthemwereconfucianists;somewereatheists.despitetheirreligiousdifferences,theycametogether.someweremunists;someweresocialists;somewerecapitalists.despitetheireconomicandpoliticaldifferences,theycametogether.allofthemwereblack,brown,red,oryellow.thenumber-onethingthatwasnotallowedtoattendthebandungconferencewasthewhiteman.hecouldnte.oncetheyexcludedthewhiteman,theyfoundthattheycouldgettogether.oncetheykepthimout,everybodyelsefellrightinandfellinline.thisisthethingthatyouandihavetounderstand.andthesepeoplewhocametogetherdidnthavenuclearweapons;theydidnthavejetplanes;theydidnthavealloftheheavyarmamentsthatthewhitemanhas.buttheyhadunity.theywereabletosubmergetheirlittlepettydifferencesandagreeononething:thatthoughoneafricancamefromkenyaandwasbeingcolonizedbytheenglishman,andanotherafricancamefromthecongoandwasbeingcolonizedbythebelgian,andanotherafricancamefromguineaandwasbeingcolonizedbythefrench,andanothercamefromangolaandwasbeingcolonizedbytheportuguese.whentheycametothebandungconference,theylookedattheportuguese,andatthefrenchman,andattheenglishman,andattheother-dutchman-andlearnedorrealizedthattheonethingthatallofthemhadinmon:theywereallfromeurope,theywerealleuropeans,blond,blue-eyedandwhite-skinned.theybegantorecognizewhotheirenemywas.thesamemanthatwascolonizingourpeopleinkenyawascolonizingourpeopleinthecongo.thesameoneinthecongowascolonizingourpeopleinsouthafrica,andinsouthernrhodesia,andinburma,andinindia,andinafghanistan,andinpakistan.theyrealizedallovertheworldwherethedarkmanwasbeingoppressed,hewasbeingoppressedbythewhiteman;wherethedarkmanwasbeingexploited,hewasbeingexploitedbythewhiteman.sotheygottogetherunderthisbasis-thattheyhadamonenemy.andwhenyouandihereindetroitandinmichiganandinamericawhohavebeenawakenedtodaylookaroundus,wetoorealizehereinamericaweallhaveamonenemy,whetherhesingeorgiaormichigan,whetherhesincaliforniaornewyork.hesthesameman:blueeyesandblondhairandpaleskin-sameman.sowhatwehavetodoiswhattheydid.theyagreedtostopquarrelingamongthemselves.anylittlespatthattheyhad,theydsettleitamongthemselves,gointoahuddle-dontlettheenemyknowthatyougotsicadisagreement.insteadofusairingourdifferencesinpublic,wehavetorealizewereallthesamefamily.andwhenyouhaveafamilysquabble,youdontgetoutonthesidewalk.ifyoudo,everybodycallsyouuncouth,unrefined,uncivilized,savage.ifyoudontmakeitathome,yousettleitathome;yougetinthecloset-argueitoutbehindcloseddoors.andthenwhenyoueoutonthestreet,youposeamonfront,aunitedfront.andthisiswhatweneedtodointhemunity,andinthecity,andinthestate.weneedtostopairingourdifferencesinfrontofthewhiteman.putthewhitemanoutofourmeetings,numberone,andthensitdownandtalkshopwitheachother.thatsallyougottado.iwouldliketomakeafewmentsconcerningthedifferencebetweentheblackrevolutionandthenegrorevolution.theresadifference.aretheyboththesame?andiftheyrenot,whatisthedifference?whatisthedifferencebetweenablackrevolutionandanegrorevolution?first,whatisarevolution?sometimesiminclinedtobelievethatmanyofourpeopleareusingthiswordrevolutionloosely,withouttakingcarefulconsiderationofwhatthiswordactuallymeans,andwhatitshistoriccharacteristicsare.whenyoustudythehistoricnatureofrevolutions,themotiveofarevolution,theobjectiveofarevolution,andtheresultofarevolution,andthemethodsusedinarevolution,youmaychangewords.youmaydeviseanotherprogram.youmaychangeyourgoalandyoumaychangeyourmind.lookattheamericanrevolutionin1776.thatrevolutionwasforwhat?forland.whydidtheywantland?independence.howwasitcarriedout?bloodshed.numberone,itwasbasedonland,thebasisofindependence.andtheonlywaytheycouldgetitwasbloodshed.thefrenchrevolution-whatwasitbasedon?theland-lessagainstthelandlord.whatwasitfor?land.howdidtheygetit?bloodshed.wasnolovelost;wasnopromise;wasnonegotiation.imtellingyou,youdontknowwhatarevolutionis.causewhenyoufindoutwhatitis,youllgetbackinthealley;youllgetoutoftheway.therussianrevolution-whatwasitbasedon?land.theland-lessagainstthelandlord.howdidtheybringitabout?bloodshed.youhaventgotarevolutionthatdoesntinvolvebloodshed.andyoureafraidtobleed.isaid,youreafraidtobleed.aslongasthewhitemansentyoutokorea,youbled.hesentyoutogermany,youbled.hesentyoutothesouthpacifictofightthejapanese,youbled.youbleedforwhitepeople.butwhenitestimetoseeingyourownchurchesbeingbombedandlittleblackgirlsbemurdered,youhaventgotnoblood.youbleedwhenthewhitemansaysbleed;youbitewhenthewhitemansaysbite;andyoubarkwhenthewhitemansaysbark.ihatetosaythisaboutus,butitstrue.howareyougoingtobenonviolentinmississippi,asviolentasyouwereinkorea?howcanyoujustifybeingnonviolentinmississippiandalabama,whenyourchurchesarebeingbombed,andyourlittlegirlsarebeingmurdered,andatthesametimeyouregoingtoviolentwithhitler,andtojo,andsomebodyelsethatyoudontevenknow?ifviolenceiswronginamerica,violenceiswrongabroad.ifitswrongtobeviolentdefendingblackwomenandblackchildrenandblackbabiesandblackmen,thenitswrongforamericatodraftusandmakeusviolentabroadindefenseofher.andifitisrightforamericatodraftus,andteachushowtobeviolentindefenseofher,thenitisrightforyouandmetodowhateverisnecessarytodefendourownpeoplerighthereinthiscountry.thechineserevolution-theywantedland.theythrewthebritishout,alongwiththeuncletomchinese.yeah,theydid.theysetagoodexample.wheniwasinprison,ireadanarticle-dontbeshockedwhenisayiwasinprison.yourestillinprison.thatswhatamericameans:prison.wheniwasinprison,ireadanarticleinlifemagazineshowingalittlechinesegirl,nineyearsold;herfatherwasonhishandsandkneesandshewaspullingthetriggercausehewasanuncletomchinaman,whentheyhadtherevolutionoverthere,theytookawholegenerationofuncletoms-justwipedthemout.andwithintenyearsthatlittlegirlbeesicafull-grownwoman.nomoretomsinchina.andtodayitsoneofthetoughest,roughest,mostfearedcountriesonthisearth-bythewhiteman.causetherearenouncletomsoverthere.ofallourstudies,historyisbestqualifiedtorewardourresearch.andwhenyouseethatyouvegotproblems,allyouhavetodoisexaminethehistoricmethodusedallovertheworldbyotherswhohaveproblemssimilartoyours.andonceyouseehowtheygottheirsstraight,thenyouknowhowyoucangetyoursstraight.theresbeenarevolution,ablackrevolution,goingoninafrica.inkenya,themaumauwererevolutionaries;theyweretheoneswhomadetheworduhurukenyanwordforfreedom.theyweretheoneswhobroughtittothefore.themaumau,theywererevolutionaries.theybelievedinscorchedearth.theyknockedeverythingasidethatgotintheirway,andtheirrevolutionalsowasbasedonland,adesireforland.inalgeria,thenorthernpartofafrica,arevolutiontookplace.thealgerianswererevolutionists;theywantedland.franceofferedtoletthembeintegratedintofrance.theytoldfrance:tohellwithfrance.theywantedsomeland,notsomefrance.andtheyengagedinabloodybattle.soicitethesevariousrevolutions,brothersandsisters,toshowyou-youdonthaveapeacefulrevolution.youdonthaveaturn-the-other-cheekrevolution.theresnosuchthingasanonviolentrevolution.theonlykindofrevolutionthatsnonviolentisthenegrorevolution.theonlyrevolutionbasedonlovingyourenemyisthenegrorevolution.theonlyrevolutioninwhichthegoalisadesegregatedlunchcounter,adesegregatedtheater,adesegregatedpark,andadesegregatedpublictoilet;youcansitdownnexttowhitefolksonthetoilet.thatsnorevolution.revolutionisbasedonland.landisthebasisofallindependence.landisthebasisoffreedom,justice,andequality.thewhitemanknowswhatarevolutionis.heknowsthattheblackrevolutionisworld-wideinscopeandinnature.theblackrevolutionissweepingasia,sweepingafrica,isrearingitsheadinlatinamerica.thecubanrevolution-thatsarevolution.theyoverturnedthesystem.revolutionisinasia.revolutionisinafrica.andthewhitemanisscreamingbecauseheseesrevolutioninlatinamerica.howdoyouthinkhellreacttoyouwhenyoulearnwhatarealrevolutionis?youdontknowwhatarevolutionis.ifyoudid,youwouldntusethatword.arevolutionisbloody.revolutionishostile.revolutionknowsnopromise.revolutionoverturnsanddestroyseverythingthatgetsinitsway.andyou,sittingaroundherelikeaknotonthewall,saying,imgoingtolovethesefolksnomatterhowmuchtheyhateme.no,youneedarevolution.whoeverheardofarevolutionwheretheylockarms,asreverendcleagewaspointingoutbeautifully,singingweshallovere?justtellme.youdontdothatinarevolution.youdontdoanysinging;youretoobusyswinging.itsbasedonland.arevolutionarywantslandsohecansetuphisownnation,anindependentnation.thesenegroesarentaskingfornonation.theyretryingtocrawlbackontheplantation.whenyouwantanation,thatscallednationalism.whenthewhitemanbecameinvolvedinarevolutioninthiscountryagainstengland,whatwasitfor?hewantedthislandsohecouldsetupanotherwhitenation.thatswhitenationalism.theamericanrevolutionwaswhitenationalism.thefrenchrevolutionwaswhitenationalism.therussianrevolutiontoo-yes,itwas-whitenationalism.youdontthinkso?whydoyouthinkkhrushchevandmaocantgettheirheadstogether?whitenationalism.alltherevolutionsthatsgoingoninasiaandafricatodayarebasedonwhat?blacknationalism.arevolutionaryisablacknationalist.hewantsanation.iwasreadingsomebeautifulwordsbyreverendcleage,pointingoutwhyhecouldntgettogetherwithsomeoneelsehereinthecitybecauseallofthemwereafraidofbeingidentifiedwithblacknationalism.ifyoureafraidofblacknationalism,youreafraidofrevolution.andifyouloverevolution,youloveblacknationalism.tounderstandthis,youhavetogobacktowhattheyoungbrotherherereferredtoasthehousenegroandthefieldnegro-backduringslavery.therewastwokindsofslaves.therewasthehousenegroandthefieldnegro.thehousenegroes-theylivedinthehousewithmaster,theydressedprettygood,theyategoodcausetheyatehisfood-whatheleft.theylivedintheatticorthebasement,butstilltheylivednearthemaster;andtheylovedtheirmastermorethanthemasterlovedhimself.theywouldgivetheirlifetosavethemastershousequickerthanthemasterwould.thehousenegro,ifthemastersaid,wegotagoodhousehere,thehousenegrowouldsay,yeah,wegotagoodhousehere.wheneverthemastersaidwe,hesaidwe.thatshowyoucantellahousenegro.ifthemastershousecaughtonfire,thehousenegrowouldfighthardertoputtheblazeoutthanthemasterwould.ifthemastergotsick,thehousenegrowouldsay,whatsthematter,boss,wesick?wesick!heidentifiedhimselfwithhismastermorethanhismasteridentifiedwithhimself.andifyoucametothehousenegroandsaid,letsrunaway,letsescape,letsseparate,thehousenegrowouldlookatyouandsay,man,youcrazy.whatyoumean,separate?whereisthereabetterhousethanthis?wherecaniwearbetterclothesthanthis?wherecanieatbetterfoodthanthis?thatwasthathousenegro.inthosedayshewascalledahousenigger.andthatswhatwecallhimtoday,becausewevestillgotsomehouseniggersrunningaroundhere.thismodernhousenegroloveshismaster.hewantstolivenearhim.hellpaythreetimesasmuchasthehouseisworthjusttolivenearhismaster,andthenbragaboutimtheonlynegroouthere.imtheonlyoneonmyjob.imtheonlyoneinthisschool.yourenothingbutahousenegro.andifsomeoneestoyourightnowandsays,letsseparate,yousaythesamethingthatthehousenegrosaidontheplantation.whatyoumean,separate?fromamerica?thisgoodwhiteman?whereyougoingtogetabetterjobthanyougethere?imean,thisiswhatyousay.iaintleftnothinginafrica,thatswhatyousay.why,youleftyourmindinafrica.onthatsameplantation,therewasthefieldnegro.thefieldnegro-thosewerethemasses.therewerealwaysmorenegroesinthefieldthantherewasnegroesinthehouse.thenegrointhefieldcaughthell.heateleftovers.inthehousetheyatehighuponthehog.thenegrointhefielddidntgetnothingbutwhatwasleftoftheinsidesofthehog.theycallemchittlinnowadays.inthosedaystheycalledthemwhattheywere:guts.thatswhatyouwere-agut-eater.andsomeofyouallstillgut-eaters.thefieldnegrowasbeatenfrommorningtonight.helivedinashack,inahut;heworeold,castoffclothes.hehatedhismaster.isayhehatedhismaster.hewasintelligent.thathousenegrolovedhismaster.butthatfieldnegro-remember,theywereinthemajority,andtheyhatedthemaster.whenthehousecaughtonfire,hedidnttryandputitout;thatfieldnegroprayedforawind,forabreeze.whenthemastergotsick,thefieldnegroprayedthatheddie.ifsomeoneesictothefieldnegroandsaid,letsseparate,letsrun,hedidntsaywherewegoing?hedsay,anyplaceisbetterthanhere.youvegotfieldnegroesinamericatoday.imafieldnegro.themassesarethefieldnegroes.whentheyseethismanshouseonfire,youdontheartheselittlenegroestalkingaboutourgovernmentisintrouble.theysay,thegovernmentisintrouble.imagineanegro:ourgovernment!ievenheardonesayourastronauts.theywontevenlethimneartheplant-andourastronauts!ournavy-thatsanegrothatsoutofhismind.thatsanegrothatsoutofhismind.justastheslavemasterofthatdayusedtom,thehousenegro,tokeepthefieldnegroesincheck,thesameoldslavemastertodayhasnegroeswhoarenothingbutmodernuncletoms,20thcenturyuncletoms,tokeepyouandmeincheck,keepusundercontrol,keepuspassiveandpeacefulandnonviolent.thatstommakingyounonviolent.itslikewhenyougotothedentist,andthemansgoingtotakeyourtooth.youregoingtofighthimwhenhestartspulling.sohesquirtssomestuffinyourjawcallednovocaine,tomakeyouthinktheyrenotdoinganythingtoyou.soyousitthereandcauseyouvegotallofthatnovocaineinyourjaw,yousufferpeacefully.bloodrunningalldownyourjaw,andyoudontknowwhatshappening.causesomeonehastaughtyoutosuffer-peacefully.thewhitemandothesamethingtoyouinthestreet,whenhewantsictoputknotsonyourheadandtakeadvantageofyouanddonthavetobeafraidofyourfightingback.tokeepyoufromfightingback,hegetstheseoldreligiousuncletomstoteachyouandme,justlikenovocaine,sufferpeacefully.dontstopsuffering-justsufferpeacefully.asreverendcleagepointedout,letyourbloodflowinthestreets.thisisashame.andyouknowhesachristianpreacher.ifitsashametohim,youknowwhatitistome.theresnothinginourbook,thequran-youcallitko-ran-thatteachesustosufferpeacefully.ourreligionteachesustobeintelligent.bepeaceful,becourteous,obeythelaw,respecteveryone;butifsomeoneputshishandonyou,sendhimtothecemetery.thatsagoodreligion.infact,thatsthatold-timereligion.thatstheonethatmaandpausedtotalkabout:aneyeforaneye,andatoothforatooth,andaheadforahead,andalifeforalife:thatsagoodreligion.anddoesntnobodyresentthatkindofreligionbeingtaughtbutawolf,whointendstomakeyouhismeal.thisisthewayitiswiththewhitemaninamerica.hesawolfandyouresheep.anytimeashepherd,apastor,teachsicyouandmenottorunfromthewhitemanand,atthesametime,teachsicusnottofightthewhiteman,hesatraitortoyouandme.dontlaydownourlifeallbyitself.no,preserveyourlife.itsthebestthingyougot.andifyougottogiveitup,letitbeeven-steven.theslavemastertooktomanddressedhimwell,andfedhimwell,andevengavehimalittleeducation-alittleeducation;gavehimalongcoatandatophatandmadealltheotherslaveslookuptohim.thenheusedtomtocontrolthem.thesamestrategythatwasusedinthosedaysisusedtoday,bythesamewhiteman.hetakesanegro,aso-callednegro,andmakesichimprominent,buildsichimup,publicizesichim,makesichimacelebrity.andthenhebeesaspokesmanfornegroes-andanegroleader.iwouldliketojustmentionjustoneotherthingelsequickly,andthatisthemethodthatthewhitemanuses,howthewhitemanusesthesebigguns,ornegroleaders,againsttheblackrevolution.theyarenotapartoftheblackrevolution.theyreusedagainsttheblackrevolution.whenmartinlutherkingfailedtodesegregatealbany,georgia,thecivil-rightsstruggleinamericareacheditslowpoint.kingbecamebankruptalmost,asaleader.plus,evenfinancially,thesouthernchristianleadershipconferencewasinfinancialtrouble;plusitwasintrouble,period,withthepeoplewhentheyfailedtodesegregatealbany,georgia.othernegrocivil-rightsleadersofso-callednationalstaturebecamefallenidols.astheybecamefallenidols,begantolosetheirprestigeandinfluence,localnegroleadersbegantostirupthemasses.incambridge,maryland,gloriarichardson;indanville,virginia,andotherpartsofthecountry,localleadersbegantostirupourpeopleatthegrassrootslevel.thiswasneverdonebythesenegroes,whomyourecognize,ofnationalstature.theycontrolledyou,buttheyneverincitedy