高中英语时态语态讲义及习题.doc

动词的时态和语态一。动词的分类及形式：（一）根据用法： 实义动词：及物动词: 后必须直接加宾语； 不及物动词：不能直接加宾语。 系动词：后加表语。 助动词：基本助动词：用来构成时态和语态，本身无具体意义。 情态助动词：本身有词汇意义，后加动词原形。（除ought to）（一） 根据语法作用：谓语动词和非谓语动词。1. 谓语动词：在句中作谓语，形式上要与句中主语在_,_ 和_上保持一致。he wants to buy a new bicycle.2. 非谓语动词：_,_,_,_.不能单独作谓语，作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。he wants to buy a new bicycle.im sorry for having to bother you.(三) 动词的五种基本形式：动词原形单数第三人称过去式过去分词现在分词workputdo二动词的时态：动词时态是一种动词形式。英语的时态有：现在、过去、将来、过去将来。从方式上看，英语时态又有：一般、进行、完成、完成进行。共有16种时态。以work为例。现在过去将来过去将来一般进行完成完成进行（一） 一般现在时：1. 表习惯性，反复出现的动作。我通常9点睡觉。_.常用的时间状语：always, often, sometimes, every day, noe and then.2. 表主语的特征、性格或感觉、状态：全世界男女老少都喜爱运动：_.3. 表客观事实或普遍真理。 中国位于亚洲东部。_. 光比声音传的快。_.4. 表按规定预计要发生的未来动作，只限于 go, come, leave,start, stay, return, begin 等动词。二月五号开学。_.飞机15点零5 起飞。_.会议明天上午9点开始。_.5. 在when, before, until, if, as soon as 引导表将来行为的状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如果明天天晴，我们就去游览长城。_.当你碰见他时，叫他到我家来。_.他一到，你就给我打电话。_.(二)一般过去时：1.过去某一点时间发生的动作或状态：刚才你在哪？_.他进来时我看见他了。_.2.过去某一段时间里反复出现的动作或状态。during his middle school years, he _ football nearly every day.3. 表主语过去的特征或性格。 那时她英语说的很好。_.4. 有些情况，发生时间没清楚表明，但实际上是过去发生的，应用过去时态。我没想到你这么忙。_.我没想到在这儿碰到你。_.5. 一般过去时可与today, this week, this month 等连用：我今天见到他了。_.这星期她迟到了3次。_.（三）一般将来时：1. be going to + 动词原形，表明确打算或确信会发生。1）表现在打算或计划将来要做的事。i _ _ _ _ to henry this evening.they _ _ _ _a meeting to discuss it.2) 表根据某种迹象认为在最近或将要发生的事。天看上去要下雨。_.这根绳子马上就要断了。_.2.be to + 动词原形，表安排好要发生或命令做什么。1） 表预先安排好的计划或约定。星期六晚上将有一场音乐会。_.展览会将在一周后开幕。_.2） 表说话人的意志，意图，职责，义务，命令。we are to take care of all these children.no one is to leave the room without permission.3)表注定要发生的事。 他的计划是注定要失败的。_.3. be about to + 动词原形， 表“正要干某事，即将要做某事”会议就要开始。_.注意：be about to do 不可和具体的将来时间状语连用；常和as 和when 引导的时间状语从句连用。they are about to leave this afternoon.( )& they are about to leave.（ ）she _ _ _ go to the cinema _ i came.as i came, she was about to go to the cinema.(一) 过去将来时：1. 构成： would/ should+ 动词原形。( should 用于第一人称)2. 用法：1）he said he would go to the north for the holiday. i told her i should ( would) return the book in afew days.2) was/ were going to + 动词原形：过去曾打算或计划要做某事she said she was going to to buy a new bike.3） was/ were + 动词不定式: 表过去计划或安排将要做某事。 he said he was to finish the work in a week.4） was/ were + about + 动词不定式：表即将要发生的事。the bus was about to start. i was about to go out when the telephone rang.(二) 现在进行时： am, is ,are + 现在分词1. 说话时正在进行的动作：我们正在上英语课。_.2. 现阶段正在进行的动作：他正在翻译一本书。_.3. go, come, leave, arrive, return, begin, do, die, lose 用进行时表预计即将发生的动作。我舅舅就要从国外回来了。_.火车就要到了。_.4. 表反复发生的动作，与 always, forever, constantly, all the time 连用，常表不满 抱怨赞赏。she is always finding fault with others. john is always thinking of others.注意：表“感情，感觉，存在，从属，思维”等动词，常不用于被动态。表感官： see, hear, smell, feel, look, seem表感情： hate, love, like, want, wish表存在状态： be, exist, stay, remain表占有与从属： have, possess, belong, consist(三) 过去进行时：this time yesterday, they were having lunch.he was coughing the whole night.(四) 现在完成时：have/has +动词原形。表某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。china has already made great progress in science and technology.从中学起，我们就是好朋友。_.（八）现在完成进行时： have/ has been + doing,表从过去某时开始一直进行到现在，可能刚刚停止，也可能还在继续进行。他毕业后一直在教英语。_.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：完成时表 动作完成，着重结果。完成进行时 表动作完成，但强调动作的持续性。i have watered the flowers. i have been watering the flowers.(九) 过去完成时： had + 过去分词。表过去的过去。 she _ _ 2000 english words by the end of last month.the train _ already _ when i _ to the station.he asked who _ _ the window.i found the pen which i _ _. mean, hope, intend want, think 的过去完成时可表示一个本打算做而没做的事。我本想来，但下雨了。_.我本希望再见他一面。_.(十) 过去完成进行时： had been + doing.表动作从过去某一时间开始，到过去某一时间仍在进行或刚刚结束。他去上海之前，一直住在这儿。_. (十一) 将来完成时： shall/ will + have + done: 将来某一时间之前完成的动作，对将来某一时间产生影响。我将在本周末前读完这本书。_.注意： wii have done 有时表揣测。they will have received my letter by now.(十二) 过去完成将来时： would/ should have done 从过去某时看来在将来某事会完成。he said he _ _ _ it by 6 oclock.she hoped that we _ _ _ everything ready before she came back.三动词的语态：主语和谓语之间的关系。主动语态：主语是谓语动作的执行者。 被动语态：主语是谓语动作的承受者。我们尊敬老师。_.老师受到我们的尊敬。_.(一) 构成： 助动词 be + 过去分词。(二)使用被动语态需要注意的问题：1.短语动词的被动态：不可去掉后面的介词。那位老人常受人嘲笑。_.时间一定要充分利用。_.那计划就要被他们放弃了。_.2.含情态动词的被动态： 情态动词+ be + 过去分词必须阻止他去。_.计划必须尽早执行。_.(三)不能用被动语态的情况：1. 句子谓语为不及物动词或系动词be时：something happened to him. he is a teacher.2.动词have虽及物, 但不用于被动语i have a new radio. we have a very good time here.3.谓语动词表示情况或状况：this shirt fits you well. i lack words with which to express my thanks.这类动词有：contain. equal, fit, hold , join ,lack, mean , suit , look like , consist of, become of, belong to ;5.有些动词用主动形式表达被动含义：open, shut, wear, sell, wash, write, read.这门打不开。_.这种布很耐洗、耐穿。_.你的笔写起来很顺滑。_.动词时态专项训练专项练习：1.well go swimming if the weather _fine tomorrow.a. is b.was c. will be d.is going to be 2.it _ five years since he has left for beijing.a. was b. have been c.is d.is going to be3.please dont leave the office until your friend _ back.a.came b.comes c.have come d.will come4.by the end of last year he _ about 1500 english words.a. learns b.learned c.was learning d.had learned5.listen ! someone _in the next room .a.cried b.crying c.is crying d.has cried 6.you must tell him the news as soon as you _him.a.see b.sees c.will see d.is seeing7.he told me that he_to see us the next day. a.comes b. came c. will come d. would come8.we cant find him anywhere . perhaps he _ home.a. is going b. went c. has come d. would come9.the teacher told us that the sun _ bigger than the earth.a. is b. was c. has been d.will be10.could you tell me where the railway station _ ?a. was b. is c. will be d. would be11.we _to the great wall several times. a. go b. were going c. have gone d.have been12.it seemed that the old man _ for something over there.a. looks b. looked c. was looking d. has looked13.he was sure that he _ his wallet in the office .a. left b. would leave c. had left d. has left14.you must study hard if you _ want to fail the exam.a. wont b. dont c. havent d. hadnt15. -im afraid you cant sit here . -sorry , i _know.a. dont b. wont c. cant d. didnt16. as she _the newspaper , granny _ asleep.a. read , was falling b. was reading , fell c. was reading , was falling d.read , fell17. -_my glasses ? -yes , i saw them on your bed a minute ago.a. do you see b. had you seen c. would you see d. have you seen18. -jim is not coming tonight . -but he _ !a. promises（许诺） b. promised c. will promise d. had promised19. -whats her name? -i _ .a. forget b. forgot c. had forgotten d. am forgetting20.you_ your turn so youll have to wait.a. will miss b. have missed c. are missing d. had missed动词时态能力综合测试1.he often_ his clothes on sundays.a. washing b. washes c. has washed d. wash2.im chinese. where _ from?a. do you come b. you are coming c. you come d. are you coming3.mary _ to school.a. never walks b. is never walking c. walk never d. never is walking4.we will start as soon as our teacher _.a. comes b. will come c. come d. is coming5.how long ago _playing football?a. have you stopped b. had you stopped c. did you stop d. do you stop6.it _hard when i left my house .a. is raining b. rains c. was raining d. will rain7.i think this question _to answer.a. easy b. is easy c. was easy d. will easy8. dont talk so loudly . your father_.a. sleeps b. is sleeping c. slept d. had slept9.how many people does the doctor know who _ of the disease (疾病)？a. are dying b. is dying c. has died d. dies10.i _ my homework now.a. finish b. finished c. have finished d. had finished11.it _ ten years since his father died. a. is b. was c. had been d. will be 2.he _for three years.a. has joined b. has been in the army c. joined d. has served the army13.his grandfather _for thirty years.a. died b. was dead c. has been dead d. has died14.i _from my brother for a long time.a. not have heard b. have not heard c. have heard not d. do not hear15.maths , one of the most important subjects_always interested him.a. has b. have c. are d. is 16.-did your brother go to america last year? -_ .a. no , he did never go there b. no , he has never gone here c. no , he never was there d. no , hes never been there17.he_that factory since 1958.a. has left b. has worked in c. has gone from d. has come to18.since ten years ago great changes _ in china.a. happened b. have been happened c. have happened d. are taken place19.our teacher_to beijing three times.a. went b. had gone c. has gone d. has been20.its the third time you_late this week.a. had arrived b. arrived c. have arrived d. arrive21._the film since i came here.a. ive seen b. i will see c. i would see d. i see 22.last week john _ his leg.a. felt and broken b. fell and broke c. feels and breaks d. fallen and broken23.jack _his thick coat because it was snowing. a. puts on b. put on c. takes on d. took on24.he _the picture on the wall.a. hanged b. hung c. has hanged d. was hanged25.next month_twenty five.a. has my sister b. my sister will be c. my sister shall have d. my sister is going to be26.you _her again in a few weeks.a. will see b. have seen c. had seen d. have been seen27.my parents _me to be a doctor.a. hoped b. wanted c. decided d. withes28.it_hard when we left.a. is raining b. has rained c. rained d. was raining29. by the end of last term we _english for two years.a. have studied b. have been studied c. would studied d. had studied 30.she said that she_there for five years .a. has worked b. had worked c. was working d. worked31.mrs brown _in new york for three years before she went to london.a. lived b. had lived c. has lived d. will live32.when we arrived , the dinner_.a. already began b. has already begun c. had already begun d. was just begun33.i will go home for the holiday as soon as i _ my exams.a. will finish b. finish c. finishing d. finished34.when _ ill talk to him.a. does peter come b. peter will come c. peter comes d. can peter come35.my sister _ to see me . shell be here soon. a. comes b. is coming c. had come d. came36.they said they _ our answer the next day .a. had heard b. would hear of c. w