工程硕士研究生英语基础教程课后习题.doc

unit1a.translatethefollowingintochinese.p71.twonotedamericansexplainwhyitsnotwhatyouearn-itswhatyoulearn.belgians比利时1、两位美国名人解释为什么不是你所挣的而是你所学的更重要。2.ihaveneverthoughtiwasbetterthananyoneelse,butihavealwaysbelievedicouldntbeoutworked.2、我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活儿别人都赶不上。3.watchingmymoneygrowwasmorerewardingthananythingicouldhavebought.3、看着存款数增加比我当时原本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。4.itookagenuineinterestintheirquestionsandwasabletotranslatewhattheywantedintomakeupideas.4、我发自内心地关心她们的问题，并能理解她们的愿望，给她们出些该如何化妆的点子。5.iendedupsellingarecordamountofcosmetics.5、结果我创下了化妆品销售量的最好成绩。b.translatethefollowingintoenglish.1.sheplanstosetupherownbussiness她计划自己创业（setup）2.attitudealsomatters.2.态度也很重要(matter)3.shehadpolishedallthefurniturebeforethegusetsarrived.(host主人hostess)3.她在客人们到达之前把所有家具都擦亮了.(polish)4.somemanagershavenoideahowtohandlepeople.conminute沟通4.有些经理不知道如何与人打交道。(handle)5.wefinishedtheworkinrecordtime.5.我们完成那项工程的时间打破了记录(record)6.shelikeseverythingtobeinplacebeforeshestartsworking.(inplace)6.她喜欢东西都摆好以后再开始工作。（putin）7.sheoftenputsin12hoursworkaday.7.她常常一天工作12小时.（acquire）8.heacquiredtheinformationfromethenewspapers.8.他是从报纸上得到这一信息的.（acquire）9.theresanopeningforanassistantinourdepartment.(associateprefessor副教授lecturer讲师)9.我们部门有一个助理的职位空缺.（opening）10.theorganizationworkstopromotefriendshipbetweennations.10.该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊.（promote）2选择适当的时态填空。(l)accordingtothetimetable,thetrainforlondon_atsevenoclockintheevening.a.wasleaving b,hasleftc.leaves d.willleave(2)youneednthurryher.she_itbythetimeyouareready.a.willhavefinishedb.wouldfinishc.willhavebeenfinishingdwillbefinishing(3)darwinprovedthatnaturalselection_thechieffactorinthedevelopmentofspecies.a.hasbeenb.hadbeenc.wasd.is(4)whilepeggy_,herbrotherisplayingrecords.a.readsb.isreadingc.hasreadd.hasbeenreading(5)itsbeenalongtimesincei_,howareyou?a.hadlastseenyoub.sawyoulastc.havelastseenyoud.lastwasseeingyou(6)we_onitforseveralhours,butwehavenotyetreachedanyconclusion.a.workb.areworkingc.havebeenworkingd.havebeenworked(7)hesaidthathe_forshanghaithenextday.a.willleaveb.hasleftc.wouldleaved.hadleft(8)thisisthefirsttimei_thiskindofrefrigerator.a.sawb.haveseenc.amseeingd.see(9)he_thisjobbeforehemovedintothiscity.a.foundb.wouldfindc.wasfindingd.hadfound(10)ithinkthistimeyesterdayhe_anenglishclassinno,3classroombuilding.a.washavingb.willhavec.hadd.wouldhave(11)by2000,theuniversity_20000postgraduates.a.willbetrainedb.tramsc.willhavetrainedd.willbetraining(12)since1970,he_inthisbankandhelovesthejobverymuch.a.hasworkedb.hasbeenworking (13)idontliketobedisturbedifl_.a.amworking (14)beforelong,she_allaboutthematter.bwillforget(15)youcanseethehouse_foryears.d.hasntbeenpaintedunit2a.translatethefollowingsentencesintochinese.1.withtheclickofamouse,informationfromtheotherendoftheglobewillbetransportedtoyourcomputerscreenattheextremelyfastspeedofseven-and-a-halftimesaroundtheearthpersecond.1、要用鼠标点击一下，在地球另一端的信息马上就会以每秒钟绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。2.besides,ifeveryoneshopsonthenet,whatwillhappentothehundredsandthousandsofshoppingmalls?2、此外，如果大家都在网上购物，那么成千上万的购物中心该怎么办呢？3.thehugepowerofelectroniccommerce(e-commerce)willchangethefaceoftradedramatically.3、电子商务的惊人威力会使贸易的局面发生激动人心的巨变。4.thedevelopmentofe-commercemaywellbringtheworldintoabrandneweraof“e-lectroniccurrency”4、电子商务的发展很可能会把世界带进一个“电子货币”的崭新时代。5.asthenetpushestheeconomyaheadrapidly,theeconomyisalsobringingthenetmarketforward,resultingintheinternetitselfbecomingtheworldslargestemergingmarket.5、在网络化高速地推动经济发展的同时，经济也反过来促进网络市场的发展，其结果是国际互联网本身将成为全球最大的新兴市场。b.translatethefollowingintoenglish.1、今晚她很可能给我打电话。（likely）1.sheisverylikelytoringmetonight.2、我看不懂这篇文章（beyond）2.understandingthisarticleisbeyondmycapacity.3、新刷的一层油漆可使房间焕然一新（transform）3.afreshcoatofpaintcantransformaroom.4、做事不先考虑总会导致失败。（resultin）4.actingbeforethinkingalwaysresultsinfailure.5、他估计那项工作需要三个月。（estimate）5.heestimatedthattheworkwouldtakethreemonths.6、我们相信这个协议将会积极地促进两国之间的贸易。（promote）6.webelievethatthisagreementwillpositivelypromotethetradebetweenourtwocountries.7.新机场必将推动这个地区的旅行业。（pushahead）7.thenewairportwillcertainlypushaheadthetourisminthisregion.8、网络经济将对人们的生活产生重要的影响。（havesignificantinfluenceon）8.neteconomywillhavesignificantinfluenceonthepeopleslife.9、在昨天的会议上，他提出了一个新的经济发展计划。（bringforward）9.attheyesterdaysmeeting,hebroughtforwardanewplanfortheeconomicdevelopment.10、到目前为止，他们还没有找到遇难的渔船。（todatewrecked）10.todate,theyhaventfoundthewreckedfishingboat.submarine潜艇选择适当的被动语态填空。(l)thatman_totellalie.b.hasneverbeenknown(2)thechildren_manytimesnottogonearthestreet.c.havebeentold(3)thenewtypeofcomputerisgoingto_themonthafternextb.beturnedout(4)afterthesynthetic_,engineershadabetterchoiceformaterialsforconstruction.a.hadbeendeveloped(5)afterbeingtestedinmanyways,thisnewly-designedmachinewill_inthenearfuture.c.beputintouse(6)hisparentsdiedwhenhewasyoung,sohe_byhisgrandmac.wasbroughtup (7)lead_asamaterialforsculpturesincethetimeoftheearlygreeks.dhasbeenused(8)weheudthatmary_araisebyheremployer.b.hadbeengiven(9)heorderedthework_.b.tobestartedatonce (10)hewas_tobecleverbutdishonest.cthoughtunit3aputthefollowingsentencesintochinese.1.so,ifyouloseakeyspecies,youmightcauseawholefloodofotherextinctions.1、所以，如果失去一个重要的物种，那也许会引起大量其他物种的绝迹。2.insteadofdependingonlargelyineffectivelawsagainstillegalhunting,itgiveslocalpeopleagoodeconomicreasontopreserveplantsandanimals.2、这种办法使当地人们可以为了经济上的原因而去保护动、植物，而不是依靠在很大程度上难以奏效的那些反非法偷猎的规章制度。3.withcorruptionpopularinmanydevelopingcountries,someobserversaresuspiciousthatthemoneywillactuallyreachthepeopleitisintendedfor.3、由于许多发展中国家普遍存在腐败，一些观察家对这些钱财实际上能否到达应该接受这笔财物的人们手中表示怀疑。4.sustainablemanagementofforestsrequirescontrolsonthenumberoftreeswhicharecutdown,aswellasinvestmentinreplacingthem.4、森林的可持续管理既需要投资种植新树以取代被砍伐的数木，也需要对被砍伐树木的数量进行控制。5.intheory,consumerswouldbuyonlythiswoodandsoforceloggingcompaniestogogreenorgooutofbusiness.5、理论上讲，消费者只能购买这些获得认可的木材，这将迫使伐木公司开始保护“绿色”，否则将无生意可做。b.putthefollowingintoenglish1这场特大洪水给长江中下游地区造成了严重的灾害。(dodamageto)1.theextremelyheavyflooddidgreatdamagetothemiddleandlowerreachesoftheyangtzeriver.2这本畅销书对读者严生了深刻的影响o(impacton)2.thebestsellerhadagreatimpactonitsreaders.3这辆旧自行车，我最多能付你5美元。(atmost)3.icangiveyou$5,atmost,fortheusedbicycle.4他们的经济利益及政治权利都应当受到保护。(aswellas)4.theirpoliticalrights,aswellastheireconomicbenefitsshouldbesafeguarded.5这场突发疾病把我的假期计划搞得一团糟。(makeamessof)5.theunexpectedillnessmadeamessofmyholidayplans.6.如果你明智的话,你就再学习一年.(sensible)6.ifyouaresensibleyouwillstudyforanotheryear.7.倘若这本书没有其他人想借的话,你可以再续一个礼拜.(provided)7.youmaykeepthebookafurtherweekprovided(that)nooneelserequiresit.8.报界纷纷指责专题电视节目使用的粗鄙语言.(afloodof)8.therewasafloodofcomplaintsfromthepressaboutthebadlanguageusedinthespecialtvshow.9、她的任务是把货物整齐地排列在商店橱窗里.(range)9.hertaskistorangethegoodsneatlyintheshopwindow.10、校长鼓励参加全国数学竞赛的选手们争取取得最好的成绩.(encourage)10.theheadmasterencouragedthecandidatesforthenationalmathscompetitiontostriveforthebestresults.1选择适当的比较级形式填空。(l)petersrecordwas_ontheteamc.notsogoodasanyotherplayers(2)theteamisgood.butnotasgoodas_.b.us(3)thistoolis_thatone.c.almostasusefulas(4)hewillnotbe_tovoteinthisyearselection.aoldenough(5)bobsworkproved_thanthatofothers.a.notmuchbetter (6)theyare_myotherneighbors.dmorefriendlythan(7)ithinkheis_thani.d.threeyearsolder(8)canwedoourworkbetterwith_moneyand_people?b.less.fewer (9)sheis_beautifulofthetwosisters.d.theyoungerandmore(10)hecanrun_ido.c.asfastas (11)_,theworseiseemtofeel.b.themoremedicineitake (12)whyisthere_trafficonthestreetsinfebruarythaninmay?a.less (13)pricesforcarsintheu.s.canrun_$20.800.a.ashighas (14)thisroomis_thatone.b.threetimesasbigas(15)thisyear,thegrainproductionwasthreetimes_lastyear.a.asmuchasunit4translation:a.putthefollowingsentencesintochinese.1.thetrendbeganinearnestin1995,whenthequeenofenglndadmittedthatthemaoripeopleofnewzealandhadbeenshamefullytreated,whenthecountrywasabritishcolony.1、这个潮流是从1995年才真正开始的。当时英国女王承认当新西兰还是英国的殖民地时，新西兰的土著毛利人曾遭到英国人的羞辱。2.manypoliticalleaders,likemostoftheircitizens,belongtopost-wargenerations,whonowlookontheconflictasmorethansimplythevictoryofgoodoverevil.2、许多政治领袖，和他们的国民一样，属于战后的一代，他们现在认为那次战争并不是简单的正义战胜邪恶的战争。3.butitsnotjustasenseofconscience,nordemandsfrompressuregroups,witchliesbehindtheseapologies.3、支撑这些道歉的并不仅仅是良心的发现，也不仅仅是压力群体的要求。4.theswissgovernmentisstilltryingtoputrightthepublic-relationsdisasterthatresultedfromtheirpartialapologyforswitzerlandsdealingswiththenazisinthe1930sand1940s.4、瑞士政府仍然还在试图摆平一场公共关系的彻底失败，其发生的原因在于他们对他们国家在20世纪30和40年代与纳粹分子的交往所做的道歉是有失公允的。5.soacademic,infact,thatthereisaconcernthat“sorry”mightturnouttobetheeasiestwordafterall.5、事实上，这些风险是如此的空泛，以至于有一种担心，认为“对不起”这个词居然会成为一个脱口而出的说辞。b.translatethefollowingphrasesintoenglish.1.对战争带来的灾害视而不见1.toturnablindeyetothesufferingsofthewar2.50周年庆典2.the50thanniversarycelebration3.向做出公正的道歉3.tomakepublicapologiesto4.适时地道歉4.awell-timedapology5.提升国家首脑的公众形象5.topromoteaheadofstatespublicimage6.解决公共关系危机6.toputrightthepublic-relationsdisaster7.为过去的过错道歉7.tosaysorryforpastwrongs8.新近解密的文件8.recentlydeclassifieddocuments9.承认自己的过去的错误9.toadmitonesownpastwrongs10.支付战争赔偿款.10.topaycompensationforwardamagec.translatethefollowingsentencesintoenglish.1.我们希望日本政府能对他们在二战中对中国人民实行的暴行进行正式道歉。（makeanapologyfor）1.wehopethatthejapanesegovernmentwouldmakeaformalapologytothechinesepeoplefortheircrueltiescommittedduringtheworldwarii.2.后来证实有两名旅客丧生。(turnout)2.itturnedoutthattwotravelershadbeenkilled.3.现在人们把电视机当作必备的生活用品之一。(lookonas)3.peoplenowlookonatelevisionsetasanessentialfacilityforlife.4.对人民的疾苦视而不见的政治领袖是不会受到人民的拥护的。（turnablindeyeto）4.theheadofstatewhoturnsablindeyetothepeoplessufferingswillnotgainsupportfromthem.5.那位勇敢的年轻人冒着生命危险把这个小孩从湖里救上来。(takerisk)5.thebraveyoungmanriskedhislifeintryingtosavethechildfromthelake.1选择适当的不定式填空。(l)itseemsverydifficult_.dtostopthechildcrying(2)wearegladto_whenyouneededourhelp.d.havehelpedyou(3)theteacher_theirexercises.a.madethestudentsdo (4)thedoctorfounditdifficult_thisinfection.b.totreat(5)hecouldnthelpbut_whenhistoycarfellintotheriver.a.cry (6)what_nextwillbediscussedattodaysmeeting. (7)hesenthissontothedoctor_anx-raycheckd.tobegiven (8)thestorywassaidto_ontheinformationfromareliablesource,(9)motherwarned_theelectriclamp,(10)hefindsitdifficult_himselftotheclimateherea.toadaptunit5atranslatethefollowingintochinese.1.theironyisthatchildrenstartoutasnaturalscientists,instinctivelyeagertoinvestigatetheworldaroundthem.1、有讽刺意义的是，孩子就是天生的自然科学家，本能地渴望探索周围的世界。2.thisbeganabarrageofquestionsthatlastednearlytwohours.2、一下子一大堆这样的问题就提了出来，时间持续了将近两个小时。3.scienceisnotjustfactsbutthemeaningthatpeoplegivetothem-byweavinginformationintoastoryabouthownatureprobablyoperates.3、科学不仅仅是事实，而是人们赋予它的内涵即各项信息汇总成为大自然的有根据的运行实况。4.studiesoverthepastthreedecadeshaveshownthatafteraskingaquestion,adultstypicallywaitonlyonesecondorlessforaresponse-notimeforachildtothink.4、过去30年的研究也表明了这一点，当问了一个问题后，成年人一般等待回答的时间也就是1秒钟甚至更少，没有留出时间让孩子进行思考。4.instead,keeptheballrollingbysaying,“thatsinteresting”or“idneverthoughtofitthatwaybefore”,orcomingupwithmorequestionsorideas.5、反过来，要鼓励他们继续讨论，可以这样说“这个想法很有意思！”或者“我以前从来就没有这样想过。”或者，提出更多的问题和观点。6.real-lifeimpressionsofnaturearefarmorememorablethananylessonchildrencanextractfromabookortvprogram.6、对孩子们来说，从书本和电视节目上学到的课程一点也没有他们对自然的亲身体会那么记忆深刻。7.bysharingyourchildrenscuriosity,youcangivethemavaluablelessonthatextendsfarbeyondtherealmtoexperiment,inthefaceofdifficulties.7、通过分享孩子的好奇心，你还能给他们提供超出科学试验领域之外的如何面对困难的有价值的教诲。btranslatethefollowingintoenglish.1.一大堆问题1.abarrageofquestions2.别冲动,不要急于回答问题2.toresisttheimpulsetorespondquicklytoaquestion3.不要给孩子规定去思考什么3.ratherthantellchildrenwhattothink4.鼓励他们说下去(使.不中断)4.keeptheballrolling5.安排活动方案5.tomanagetheitinerary6.面临困难6.inthefaceofdifficultiesctranslatethefollowingintoenglish.1.解说员的讲解非常有吸引力.(makeappealing)1.theguidemadeherintroductionveryappealing.2.简单点儿讲吧,别用那些专业术语了.(ratherthan)2.pleaseusesimplewordsratherthanalotofjargon.3.不要急于回答，留出一些讨论的余地。（openingfordiscussion）3.pleaseresisttheimpulsetorespondquicklyandleavesomeopeningfordiscussion.4.一些启发性的问题可以鼓励孩子思考。（leadingquestion）4.someleadingquestionscanhelpthechildrentothinkforthemselves.5.面临困难的时候坚持下去会取得回报。（infaceof;itpays）5.itpaystopersistinthefaceofdifficulties.练习1选择适当的分词形式填空。(1)manythings_impossibleinthepastarecommontoday.a.considered (2)themachine_inourfactorythesedaysisanewtypeofelectroniccomputer.b.beingproduced (3)thenoiseofdesks_couldbeheardoutinthestreet.a.beingopenedandclosed(4)_thatbartonhadbeenpromoted,hisfriendscametocongratulatehimd,havingheard(5)_bythepolice,thekidnappershadnochoicebuttosurrender.c.surrounded (6)never_faithinhimself,jameswattwentonwithhisexperiment.a.losing (7)therearefourfactoriesinourinstitute,_over100workers.b.eachhaving(8)_abombontheroad,thecarwasstopped.b.thedriverseeing (9)theweather_fine,theydecidedtogooutforastroll.c.being (10)_inallpartsofthecountry,pinesarethemostcommontreesinthispart.a.found(11)commercialbanksmakethemostoftheirincomefrominterest_onioansandinvestmentsinstocks.b.earned(12)returningtomyapartment,_.c.ifoundmywatchmissing(13)havingbeenservedlunch,_.eb.thecommitteemembersdiscussedtheproblem (14)thepolicepursuedthecriminalcontinuously,_.b.finallycatchinghim (15)shefinishedherwork,_.c.tiredandwornout以分词的适当形式填空。(1)thebabywaswakenedbythedefening(deafen)sound.(2)thewounded(wound)manwastakentohospital.3)thisisamistakeoftenmade(make)throughnegligence.(4)abuscoming(come)fromtheoppositedirectionknockeddownthecyclist.(5)hesentawaythebarking(bark)dogatonce.(6)standing(stand)onthetopofthehill,wecameinsightofthewholewaterfall.(7)driven(drive)bydespair,manyunemployedschool-leavershavedegeneratedintocriminals.(8)alltheplanesdeparting(depart)forlondonarecarefullysearchedandcheckedbeforetakingoff.(9)aboybelieved(believe)tohavekilledaroommatehasescapedfromthecity.(10)mostcarsimported(import)fromjapanareusedastaxis.unit6a.translatethefollowingsentencesintochinese.1.engineershavehadadirectroleinthecreationofmostofmodemtechnology-thetools,materials,techniques,andpowersourcesthatmakeourliveseasier.1.工程师在绝大部分现代科技的创新中发挥着直接的作用,例如,为使生活更轻松自如,我们靠他们才有了工具、材料、技术和能源等2.theydevelopcomplexscientificequipmenttoexplorethereachesofouterspaceandthedepthsoftheoceans.2.他们开发复杂的科学设备来勘探外层空间和海洋深处.3.theymayworktoreduceenvironmentalpollution,increasetheworldsfoodsupply.andmaketransportationfasterandsafer.3.他们致力于减少环境污染,增加世界粮食的供应,以及使运输更加快捷和安全.4.theconstructionofthegiganticegyptianpyr