江苏省盐城市永丰初级中学八年级英语下册 Unit1 Grammar1课件 牛津版.ppt

unit1pastandpresent grammar a presentperfecttense ihavewatchedthiscartoonfilm iwatchedit2weeksago haveyouwatchedthiscartoonfilm yes ihave no ihaven t hashe shewatchedthiscartoonfilm yes he shehas no he shehasn t eddiehaslivedwithmilliesincehewasborn 埃迪自从出生以来 一直和米莉住在一起 eddiehaslivedwithmillieforfouryears eddiehaseatenmyfood 埃迪已经和米莉居住在一起四年了 埃迪吃了我的食物 居住 这个动作从出生一直延续到现在 可能还要继续延续下去 居住 这个动作从4年前延续到现在 可能还会继续延续下去 eddieatemyfoodandnowhobohasnothingtoeat 一 现在完成时的含义 1 现在完成时表示过去已经开始 持续到现在 也许还会持续下去的动作或状态 可以和表示延续的时间状语连用 如for since等引导的时间状语 注意 句中谓语动词要用延续性动词 时间状语的表达方法有两种 1 eddiehaslivedwithmilliefor4years 2 eddiehaslivedwithmillie sincehewasborn since2006 for 一段时间forayear fortwoweeks forthreeyears 过去的某一时刻 sincelastweek since2008 since一段时间 ago since9yearsago since3daysago 点时间一般过去时态的时间状语从句 sinceyoucame sincehemovedhere sinceiwas since4yearsago let try 用since或for填空 1 ihavebeenatthisschool morethantwoyears 2 shehasworkedinthefactory tenyearsago 3 mr greenhaslivedinthecity hewasborn 4 hisfatherhasbeenapartymember twentyyears for for since since 2 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 汉语中常用 已经 过 了 等表达 通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just 句中 already 句中 句末 before 句末 yet 句末 never 句中 ever 句中 recently 句末 等状语连用 例如 1 eddiehasjusteatenmyfood eddie已经吃了我的食物 2 ihaveneverheardofthatbefore 我以前从未听说过那件事 3 haveyoueverriddenahorse 你曾经骑过马吗 4 shehasalreadyfinishedthework 她早已经完成这个工作了 5 wehaven tfinishedourhomeworkyet 我们还没有完成作业呢 二 现在完成时的构成 1 肯定句 i we you they 助动词have p p 过去分词 其它 he she it 助动词has p p 过去分词 其它 e g they theirhomework finish he hishomework finish havefinishedhasfinished 2 否定句 i we you they havenot hasn t p p 过去分词 其它 he she it hasnot hasn t p p 过去分词 其它 e g they theirhomeworkyet 还未 finish he hishomeworkyet finish haven tfinishedhasn tfinished 3 一般疑问句及回答 have i you we they p p 过去分词 其它 yes i you we theyhave no i you we theyhaven t has she he it p p 过去分词 其它 yes she he ithas no she he ithasn t e g you thefilm watch yes i yourfather thefilm watch no he havewatchedhave haswatchedhasn t 4 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 have has 主语 p p 过去分词 其它 e g thegirlhaslearnedenglishfor6years ihaveeatentwoapplesforbreakfast howlonghasthegirllearnedenglish whathaveyoueatenforbreakfast 三 过去分词的构成 a 规则动词 规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同 四点变化规则 1 一般动词 在词尾直接加 ed work worked worked visit visited visited 2 以 e 结尾的动词 只在词尾加 d live lived lived 3 以 辅音字母 y 结尾的动词 将 y 变为 i 再加 ed study studied studied cry cried cried 4 重读闭音节结尾 末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写该辅音字母 再加 ed stop stopped stopped drop dropped dropped dump b 不规则动词的过去分词 page121 四 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情 强调动作 和现在不发生关系 而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 强调的是现在的情况 2 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用 而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用 或无时间状语 一般过去时的时间状语有 yesterday lastweek ago in1980 inoctober justnow等具体的时间状语 现在完成时的时间状语有 for since ever never just already yet inthepast lastfewyears等不确定的时间状语 iboughtanewcomputerlastweek 只强调动作发生在过去 ihaveboughtanewcomputer 不强调动作什么时候发生 只强调现在的结果是拥有了一台新电脑 let stry i msureyoucandoitwell 1 i see the3dfilmavatar it samazing i see itonemonthago 2 isyourgrandfatherstillalive no he already die when he die he lastyear die 3 i just hear oftheearthquakeintangshan theearthquake yes it happen onmarch6th threedaysago 4 mr li begin toworkinthisfactoryin1990 he work inthefactoryfor20years 5 thegreens live inchinasincethey move herein2003 haveseen saw hasdied diddie died haveheard happened began hasworked haslived moved chattime page15 millie 1 you see anyexhibitionsrecently sandy sandy no i 2 whataboutyou millie i 3 see onelastsaturday sandy what sitabout millie it saboutchangesinbeijingoverthepastcentury 世纪 fromthisfilm i learn moreaboutbeijing spastandpresent sandy oh ithinki 5 hear aboutthefilm doyouplantoseeitagain millie yes i dloveto haveseen haven t saw havelearnt haveheard let stry 1 shehasalreadycleanedthekitchen 改为否定句 she cleanedthekitchen 2 theyhavevisitedsomeinterestingplacesinchina 改为一般疑问句 they interestingplacesinchina 3 thepoordoghasdied 改为一般疑问句并作否定回答 thepoordog no it 4 theyhaveborrowedtenbooksfromthelibrary 对划线部分提问 books they fromthelibrary 5 ihaveeverbeentothegreatwall 改为否定句 i beentothegrea