河北省沙河市第一中学高中英语 Unit 2 English around the world Reading课件 新人教版必修1.ppt

unit2englisharoundtheworldreading 高一人教新课标必修一 actuallyinfact实际上 事实上atpresentnow现在的 出席的rulegovern统治vocabularywordsandexpressions词汇 词汇量graduallybydegrees逐渐地 newwords official官方的voyage航行 航海native本国的 本地的actually事实上latter后者的identity身份fluent流利的frequently频繁地 bebasedon以 为基础culture文化 文明identity身份government政府rapidly迅速地singapore新加坡malaysia马来西亚 carefulreading para1 developmentofenglish theendofthe16thcentury thenextcentury today people ifanamericanistalkingtoanenglishman a theywillhavealmostnodifficultyinunderstandingb theywillhavealotofmisunderstandingsbetweeneachotherc theamericanfindsitdifficulttounderstandtheenglishmand theenglishmanfindsitdifficulttofollowtheamerican para2 a whydoesenglishchangeovertime becauseofculturalcommunication readpara3andanswerthequestion german thehistoryoftheenglishlanguage less ruled shakespeare america australia governmentandeducation englishspelling dictionary theamericandictionaryoftheenglishlanguage insouthasia china southafrica samueljohnsonborn september18 1709writeadictionaryoneoftheenglishlanguage smostprofoundinfluences twoimportantpersonsinpara4 noahwebsterborn october16 1758died may28 1843whennoahwas43 hestartedwritingthefirstamericandictionary hedidthisbecauseamericansindifferentpartsofthecountryspelled pronouncedandusedwordsdifferently whyisindiamentionedinthelastparagraph a becauseindiaisatypicalcountrywhospeaksenglishasasecondlanguagebecauseofitslongbeingruledbybritain b becauseindiahasaverylargenumberofenglishspeakers c becauseindiaisacountrywhereenglishplaysaveryimportantroleinsociallife d becauseindiahasalonghistoryofcommunicationwithbritain para5 a englishisusedas afirstlanguage asecondlanguage aforeignlanguage intheuk usa canada australia southafrica irelandandnewzealandandsoon inindia pakistan nigeriathephilippines andhkandsoon inchina andsoon time place languagecanchangewithtime languagecanchangewhenculturescommunicatewitheachother conclusion 1 englishhas hadthemostspeakers nowwhenthebritishruledmanypartsoftheworldc inthetimeofshakespeared inthe12thcentury2 whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue languagesalwaysstaythesame languageschangeonlyafterwars languagesnolongerchange languageschangewhencultureschange a d choosethecorrectanswer 3 fromad450to1150 englishsoundedmorelike a frenchb chinesec germand russian4 shakespeare senglishwasspokenaround a 1400 sb 1150 sc 450 sd 1600 s5 whichcountryhasthefastestgrowingnumberofenglishspeakersintheworld a australiab chinac indiad britain c d b mostenglishspeakersinthe16thcenturylivedinengland 2 moreandmorepeopleuseenglishastheirfirstor2ndlanguage 3 englishbegantobespokeninothercountiesin17thcentury t t t trueorfalse 4 nativeenglishspeakerscan tunderstandeachotherbecausetheydon tspeakthesamekindofenglish 5 asenglishiswidelyused itwillbemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofenglish 6 noahwebsterwrotetheamericandictionaryoftheenglishlanguage f t t 7 from1765to1947englishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducationinindia 8 americahasthelargestnumberofenglishlearners 9 englishhadthemostspeakersinthe17thcentury 10 englishdevelopedwhennewsettlersandrulerscametobritain t f f t 11 languagesfrequentlychange 12 thelanguageofthegovernmentisalwaysthelanguageofthecountry 13 englishisoneoftheofficiallanguagesusedinindia 14 thisreadingdescribesthedevelopmentoftheenglishlanguage f t t f atfirst onlypeoplein spokeenglish later peoplefromengland tootherparts soenglishbegantobespokenin today peoplespeakenglishastheir secondorforeignlanguage englishspeakers understandeachotherbut retellthetext england moved manyothercountries more first native can noteverything alllanguageschangewhen communicatewithoneanother sotherearebritishenglish americanenglish australianenglishandsoon theyallhavetheirown englishisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguagein maybeonedaychineseenglishwillbecomeoneoftheworldenglish cultures identity manyothercountries 1 nearlyallofthemlivedinengland nearly和almost用法明辨 1 两者通用的场合a 在肯定句中b 修饰all every always等时e g almost nearlyeveryoneknowsyourname languagepoints 2 只用almost的场合a 和any no none nothing nobody nowhere never等连用时 b 和too morethan等连用时 e g thereisalmostnoneleft thatisalmosttoomuch 3 只用nearly的场合a 被very not pretty等修饰时 notnearly意思是 远远不是 b 和具体数字连用时 nearly常用 如 itisnotnearlysoeasyasyouthink ihavevery prettynearlyfinishedit nearly100studentsattendedthemeeting 2 official 1 adj 官方的 正式的anofficiallanguage2 官员 行政人员heisaunionofficial officer与officialofficer常指身穿制服的官员 如军警 official常指政府官员行政官员policeofficerapublicofficial 3 voyage在此为可数名词 意为 旅行 航行 make take goonavoyage去航海onvoyage在航海中 thetitanicwentonitsfirstvoyage theysuppliedthisshipwithenoughfoodandnecessitiesforalongvoyage idon twanttomakethevoyagewithouthelp 拓展 voyage还可用作动词 意为 乘船 航行 航海 如 theyplannedtovoyageacrossthepacificocean 4 becauseof后边加名词或动名词短语because是连词 所以后边跟句子因为你的关心 我发现生活充满了希望 becauseyouareconcernedaboutme ifindthatlifeisfullofhope becauseofyourconcern ifindthatlifeisfullofhope 因为雨下得很大 那个男孩穿过树林回家了 becauseitrainedheavily theboywentbackhomethroughthewoods becauseoftheheavyrain theboywentbackhomethroughthewoods 5 nativeadj n 本国的 本土的本国人 土著人 nativelanguage母语nativecustoms当地风俗benativetos p 原产地是 是 特产的potatoisnativetoamerica 6 thaneverbefore 比以往任何时候更 thaneverbefore可看作是thantheyeverspeakenglishbefore的省略形式 在比较级结构中 副词ever与比较级连用 表示最高级含义 ever和最高级连用 用来加强语气 表示 有史以来最 迄今为止最 如 janelooksmuchprettierthaneverbefore thisisthebestsongthati veeverheard 7 nativeenglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon tspeakthesamekindofenglish evenif eventhough 即使 用来引导一个让步状语从句 但是evenif though引导的从句不用将来时 如 evenifitrainstomorrow wewillleaveforbeijing 用if asif evenif填空 1 ihadmoney iwouldn tbuyit 2 ihadmoney iwouldbuyit 3 itlooks itisgoingtorain evenif引导让步状语从句 if引导条件状语从句 asif though 似乎是 引导方式状语从句 evenif if asif 注意 1 evenif eventhough inspiteofthefact nomatterwhether即使 尽管是连词词组 用来引导让步状语从句 若主 从句皆表示将来情况 从句中可用一般现在时代替将来时 2 evenif从句所说的不那么肯定 eventhough从句是事实 e g evenifheispoor sheloveshim hemaybepoor yetsheloveshim even thoughheispoor sheloveshim heispoor yetsheloveshim whentalkingtoafriendoverthetelephone youfeelthatyouareclose theactualdistanceisnotshortened a butb evenifc sod because b achildcameuptomeandshowedmethewaytothestation thesuncomesupintheeast newshootsofbamboowillcomeupfromaroundtherootsoftheoldones yeabout出现 发生 eup上来 走近 发芽 被提出 升起 走近 上来 升起 被提出讨论 comeacross偶然遇到或找到comearound恢复 还原 改变某人的意见或立场comedown传承 按习惯通过或处理comeout成为众所周知 发行或发表 结果 自己公开宣布comeover过来 偶然拜访comeupwith宣布或发现thedoctorcameupwithacureforthedisease 9 sowhyhasenglishchangedovertime 那么 英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢 over贯穿 经过 一段时间 e g overtheyears hehasbecomemorepatient 经过这些年 他变得更有耐心 周末她会来杭州 shewillcometohangzhouovertheweekend 圣诞节时你在家吗 willyoustayathomeoverchristmas over超过 morethan 再三 again over2minutesoverandover 10 itwasbasedmoreongermanthantheenglishwespeakatpresent 当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的 而现代英语不是 1 basev 意为 以 为根据 把基础设在 常构成短语basesth on uponsth 如 thisnovelisbasedonfact 这部小说是以事实为根据的 thepaperhadintendedtobaseitselfinlondon thisfilmisbasedonanovelbyd h lawrence 拓展 base还可用作名词 意为 底部 基地 基础 等 如 thereisadooratthebaseofthetower howmanymilitarybasesaretheymaintainingonforeignsoil manylanguageshavelatinastheirbase 2 more than 是 而不是 与其说 不如说 中间接相同成分 heismoreafriendthanateacher heismorelazythanstupid 扩展 morethan不仅仅 多于 十分e g heismorethanateacherinourschool hemademorethantenfriendsinthisclub sheismorethanbeautiful ratherthan而不是 lessthan少于 otherthan除 之外 3 present adj 当前的 现在的 作前置定语 didyouseethepresentnationalleaders canyoutellussomethingaboutthepresentsituation 出席的 在场的 作表语或后置定语 ourteacherwaspresentatthemeeting allthepeoplepresentagreetomyplan n 目前 现在 礼物ican tsparetimebecauseiambusyatpresent whatpresentdidyoureceivefromyourparents atpresent now atthistime momentshe sbusyatpresentandcan tspeaktoyou 她现在很忙 不能跟你谈话 atpresentheisaprofessorofmathematicsatcambridge 目前他是剑桥大学的数学教授 vt 赠与 赠给予 给 提出presentsb withsth 或presentsth tosb 把 交给 颁发 授予如 motherpresentedagifttomejustnow onhisbirthday hisfriendspresentedhimwithaseriesofreaders presentedaseriesofreaderstohim 送给他一套读本 11 the1600 s17世纪表示世纪年代 在基数词前加the 后加s或 s inthe1930s 1930 s20世纪30年代intheearly late1800s19世纪初 末inhisforties在他四十多岁时 用整十的复数 11 shakespearemadeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore 莎士比亚使用了比以往任何时候更为广泛的词汇量 makeuseof利用 使用makegood fulluseof充分使用makethemost bestof充分使用makenouseofsth 没有利用 wecouldmakegooduseofourresources 我们应该充分利用好我们的资源 everyminuteshouldbemadegooduseof 每一分钟都应该很好地利用 shemakesuseofpeopleshemeetsasheroesforhernovel weshouldmakegooduseoftimetostudy 拓展 make构成的常见短语 makeof makefrom通常用于被动语态 构成bemadeof bemadefrom都表示 由 制成 其中bemadeof表示在产品中能够看出原材料 bemadefrom表示在产品中看不出原材料 makeup编写 编造 和解makeupof由 组成 构成 makeupfor弥补 补偿makeout理解 弄懂 看清 勉强 辨认出 假装 装成makeinto制成 makeit成功 办成 及时赶到 12 thenumberof anumberofthenumberof 的数目 接可数名词复数 其后谓语动词用单数 thenumberofundergraduateshasincreasedovertheyears anumberof许多 大量 后接复数名词 其后谓语动词用复数 agreatnumberof alargenumberof asmallnumberof anumberofteachersareonleave thenumberofpeopleinvited fifty butanumberofthem absentfordifferentreasons a were wasb was wasc was wered were were c 注意 只能修饰可数名词的alarge great goodnumberof agood greatmany dozensof scoresof quiteafew 只能修饰不可数名词的 agreatdealof alargeamountof quitealittle alargesumof既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词的 plentyof alotof lotsof alargequantityof 13thelatter后者 theformer前者 lateadj 迟的 晚的lateradj 后期的 较晚的 adv 后来latest最