高考英语大二轮 （直击考点+把脉高考+突破难点）阅读理解 第2讲 “难解难分”的标题归纳题专题复习课件（含调研、真题）.ppt

第二讲容易 顾此失彼 的 mainidea 型主旨大意题 mainidea 型主旨大意题也属于阅读理解中的深层理解题 这种题型中的干扰项通常和文章中的某一细节有关 因此许多考生往往只根据文中的某一信息盲目确定答案 2013 安徽卷 usingtoomuchwaterorthrowingrubbishintoourriversareclearwaysthathumanscanputourwatersupplyindanger butwealsoaffectourwatersupplyinlessobviousways youmaywonderhowpaving 铺砌 aroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater amajorpartofthewaterweuseeverydayisgroundwater groundwaterdoesnotcomefromlakesorrivers itcomesfromunderground themoreroadsandparkinglotswepave thelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater humanactivityisnotresponsibleforallwatershortages 短缺 drierclimatesareofcoursemorelikelytohavedroughts 干旱 thanareaswithmorerainfall butinanycase goodmanagementcanhelptomakesurethereisenoughwatertomeetourbasicneeds thinkingaboutthewayweusewatereverydaycanmakeabigdifference too intheunitedstates afamilyoffourcanuse1 5tonsofwateraday thisshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolive butthere salotwecandotolowerthenumber youcantakestepstosavewaterinyourhome tostartwith usethesameglassforyourdrinkingwaterallday washitonlyonceaday runyourdishwasher 洗碗机 onlywhenitisfull helpyourparentsfixanyleaksinyourhome youcanevenhelptokeepourwatersupplycleanbyrecyclingbatteriesinsteadofthrowingthemaway 语篇解读本文为一篇议论文 文章讨论的是人类活动对于水供应的隐形影响 1 whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoleadtolessgroundwater a usingriverwater b throwingbatteriesaway c pavingparkinglots d throwingrubbishintolakes 解析 细节理解题 根据第一段最后一句 themoreroadsandparkinglotswepave thelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater 可知选c项 答案 c 2 whatcanbeinferredfromthetext a allwatershortagesareduetohumanbehavior b ittakesalotofefforttomeetourwaterneeds c thereismuchwecandotoreducefamilysize d theaveragefamilyinamericamakesproperuseofwater 解析 推理判断题 根据第二段首句 humanactivityisnotresponsibleforallwatershortages 短缺 可排除a项 根据第三段最后一句 thisshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolive butthere salotwecandotolowerthenumber 可知d项不正确 本文强调的是减少用水量 而不是家庭的人数 故c项错误 根据全文的内容可推知 水浪费 水污染和水需求不断增长 解决水短缺问题需要付出大量的努力 答案 b 3 thelastparagraphisintendedto a showushowtofixleaksathomeb tellushowtorunadishwasherc provewhatdrinkingglassisbestforusd suggestwhatwedotosavewaterathome解析 写作意图题 最后一段首句 youcantakestepstosavewaterinyourhome 为主题句 接下来从四个方面就steps进行了展开 即四个方法或措施 显然 本段主要是讨论我们在家里如何节约用水 答案 d 4 thetextismainlyabout a whypavingroadsreducesourwaterb howmuchwedependonwatertolivec whydroughtsoccurmoreindryclimatesd howhumanactivityaffectsourwatersupply解析 主旨大意题 本文为议论文 文章开门见山直入主题 clearwaysthathumanscanputourwatersupplyindanger butwealsoaffectourwatersupplyinlessobviousways 讨论的是人类对于水供应的显性和隐性影响 第二段首句 humanactivityisnotresponsibleforallwatershortages 短缺 似乎将话题转入自然方面的原因 但接下来的 butinanycase goodmanagementcanhelptomakesurethereisenoughwatertomeetourbasicneeds 又将话题转回到人类自身方面 管理 第三段中的 thinkingaboutthewayweusewatereverydaycanmakeabigdifference too 以及第四段中的 youcantakestepstosavewaterinyourhome 均指向的是人类行为对于水供应的影响 答案 d 主旨大意题要求考生要善于抓取文章的主题句 主题句通常表达了文章的中心思想 mainidea 考生找到了主题句 也就抓住了文章的主旨大意 因此 主题句定位法 是解答主旨大意题的一种行之有效的方法 主题句通常在文章的开头或结尾出现 但是也有一些文章的中心思想贯穿全文 并没有用一句话明确表达出来 这就需要考生抓住文章中的关键词进行归纳概括 例如真题示例第4题 文章第一段第一句 usingtoomuchwaterorthrowingrubbishintoourriversareclearwaysthat 是文章的主题 用水过多或者把垃圾扔进河里 就是这样的人类行为让我们的水资源处于匮乏之中 但这种方式也影响到我们的用水供应 以下篇幅主要围绕人类如何影响水资源展开的 故d项正确 test1 2013 湖北省武汉名校高三第二次调研测试 researchershavediscoveredwhattheybelievetobethefirsteverrecordingsofafamilychristmas researchershavediscoveredwhattheybelievetobethefirsteverrecordingsofafamilychristmas theyweremade110yearsagobythewallfamilywholivedinnorthlondon thereare24clearrecordingsonwaxcylinderrecords 蜡筒唱片 whichweremadebetween1902and1917 thesoundqualityofthemusicrecordedisoutstanding cromwellandminiwallhadninechildren eightofwhomappearedontheearlierrecordingsmadebeforeworldwar whenifirstheardtherecordings ijumpedwithjoy saidjuliahoffbrand aresearcheratthemuseumoflondonwhohelpedrestoretherecordings itwasfantastic wehadanideaofwhatwasontherecordingsbecausecromwellhadwrittenveryfulldescriptionsonthecylinderboxes manyoftherecordingsweremadeatfamilygatheringsoverchristmasandnewyear cromwellwall whomadetherecordings wheeledthephonograph 留声机 alongthestreetsinhischildren spram 婴儿车 inordertorecordthesoundofoldsouthgatechurchbellsofnewyear someofthelaterrecordingsweremadeduringworldwar whenthreeofthechildren whoappearedinearlierrecordingswereabsentfromrecordings awayatwar therecordingswererestoredthissummerandmanyoftherelativesheardthemforthefirsttimeinoctober itbroughtbacksomegreatmemoriesforoliverwall oneofcromwell sgrandchildren itwasawonderfulatmosphere iremembertheoccasionsalwaysatchristmasandwealwayshadbigpartiesandsangroundthepianowithgrandpaplaying itisveryunusualforrecordingsonwaxphonographcylinderstosurviveforsolong phonographswereintroducedforuseinofficesasdictatingmachinesandsoitwasextremelyrareforthemtobeusedtorecorddomesticsoundsandoccasions juliahoffbrandsaid phonographsandcylinderswereexpensiveatthattime soyouhadtohaveacertainlevelofincometorecordandalevelofskillandcaretomakerecordingsandtotakecareofthecylinders 语篇解读研究人员宣称发现了第一张庆祝家庭圣诞节的录音唱片 1 whatisthemainideaofthepassage a thewallfamilyinnorthlondoncelebratedchristmasday b englishresearchersdiscoveredthefirstrecordingsofchristmasday c cromwellwallmadethefirstrecordingsofchurchbellsofnewyear d theearliestrecordingsintheworldwerediscoveredinengland 解析 考查主旨大意 根据全文主旨句 researchershavediscoveredwhattheybelievetobethefirsteverrecordingsofafamilychristmas 可知 研究人员宣称发现了第一张庆祝家庭圣诞节的录音唱片 故b项最能概括本文主旨 答案 b 2 whatdoweknowaboutjuliahoffbrand a shemadetherecordingsbyherself b shehelpedrestoretherecordings c shewasarelativeofthewallfamily d shehelpedkeeptherecordings 解析 考查细节理解 根据第三段中的 saidjuliahoffbrand aresearcheratthemuseumoflondonwhohelpedrestoretherecordings 可知 juliahoffbrand负责修复了录音唱片 答案 b 3 howdidjuliahoffbrandfeelwhenshefirstheardtherecordings a verythrilled b veryfrightened c veryannoyed d verydisappointed 解析 考查细节理解 根据第三段第一句中的 whenifirstheardtherecordings ijumpedwithjoy saidjuliahoffbrand 可知 当juliahoffbrand第一次听到这个录音的时候她感到非常兴奋 答案 a 4 fromthelastparagraph wecaninferthat a phonographsandcylindersareverycommonnowb thewallfamilywereverywealthyatthattimec thewallfamilyhadtohavetherecordingsmaded thecylindersweretakengoodcareofbyjuliahoffbrand解析 考查推理判断 根据最后一段中的 phonographsandcylinderswereexpensiveatthattime soyouhadtohaveacertainlevelofincometorecord 可知 留声机和蜡筒唱片当时都非常昂贵 一个家庭要有可观的经济收入才能录制唱片 故可推断wall一家当时非常富有 答案 b chickensoupforthesoulhadchosenoneofmypoemsforpublication itwasmyfirstpublishedpieceanditwasapoemihadwrittenforher iwantedsomuchtogiveoliviaacopyofthebookwithherspecialpoeminitinperson asapartinggift butthiswasourlastvisitandthebookshadn tcomeyet afterwatchinghergoislippedupstairstomyroom andtookoutthesmallpileofenvelopesthatwereheldsafely onebyoneiopenedthecardsandletters andreadthenotesmy bosomfriend hadwrittentomeovertime theymademesmile langhandcryallatonce thenextafternoonthebooksarrived eachholdingmypoem hearttoheart itwillgiveyouanexcusetoseeheragain momsaid callandseeifshecanswingbyandgetitontheirwaythrough idashedupstairstocallolivia ihavesomethingihavetogiveyoubeforeyougo willyoubecomingthroughtownonyourwaytokentucky itwasthursdaynightandthey dbeleavingsaturday saturdayafternoon shedid ihandedthebooktoherwithoutaword shehelditinherhandsforamoment saying ohmygosh ican tbelieveit shere thetruckwasoutofsight theroadwasempty butmyheartwasfullagain momentslater oliviatextedmewheniwasoutofminutes shedoesn tliketexting butiguessi mspecialenoughforhertomakeanexception itread crying thankyou it smorebeautifulthanyouknow iwhisperedthepoem mydearfriend iwillrememberyouinthesunrise remembermeinthesunset 语篇解读这是一篇记叙文 主要描写了两个亲密的朋友分别的情景 5 whatpresentdidthewriterwanttogiveolivia a abookonmakingchickensoupforhealth b abookwithaspecialpoemwrittenforolivia c abookaboutsolidlastingfriendship d abookaboutfaithanddreams 解析 考查细节理解 根据第二段中的 iwantedsomuchtogiveoliviaacopyofthebookwithherspecialpoeminitinperson asapartinggift 可知 作者想送给olivia一本书作为分别的礼物 书中有作者为olivia写的一首诗 故选b项 答案 b 6 thelatearrivalofthebooks a madetheauthorangrywiththepublisherb lefttheauthorregretfulfornotgivingonetooliviac offeredtheauthorachanceofseeingoliviaagaind gavetheauthoranexcusetovisitoliviainkentucky解析 考查细节理解 结合第四段中的 itwillgiveyouanexcusetoseeheragain 以及后文作者和olivia的再次相见可知 书来得晚了 但给了作者再次见到olivia的机会 答案 c 7 whatcanweconcludefromthetext a truefriendscangrowseparatelywithoutgrowingapart b beslowinchoosingafriend slowerinchanging c afriendwithoutfaultswillneverbefound d agoodbookisthebestoffriends thesametodayandforever 解析 考查推理判断 文章通过叙述作者与朋友olivia分开时的不舍 以及作者专门为朋友olivia创作的小诗等 告诉我们 真正的朋友可以有各自的成长道路 但不会因分离而越来越远 即友谊长存 答案 a 8 thepassageismainlyabout a thestoryofendingafriendshipb thetruefriendshipbetweentwogirlsc themeetingoftwopenpalsd thepainofmovingawayfromhometown解析 考查主旨大意 通读全文可知 本文通过描述作者和朋友olivia分别的场景 表现了两人之间友谊的真挚 因此b项正确 答案 b test3 2013 湖北省襄阳五校高三下学期期中联考 notlongago self drivingcarsseemedlikesciencefiction butgoogleisnowoperatingso calledautonomouscarsincaliforniaandnevada butonequestionisgettinglittleattention shouldself drivingcarsbelegal andiftheyare howwillthelawsofdrivinghavetoadapt atpresentallourrulesaboutdrivingarebasedonhavingahumanbehindthewheel carcrashesarealeadingcauseofdeathforamericansages4to34 supportersbelievethatself drivingcarscanmakedrivingsaferbyeliminatingdistracted 注意力分散的 drivingandotherhumanmistakes google sself drivingcarshavecamerasonthetoptolookaroundthemandcomputerstodothedriving inthefirst300 000miles googlereportedthatitscarshadnothadasingleaccident asself drivingcarsbecomemorecommon therewillbemanynewlegalquestions ifaself drivingcargetsintoanaccident thehumanwhois co piloting 副驾驶 maynotbefullyatfault hemayevenbeaninjuredparty whoshouldberesponsibleforthetrafficaccident thehumanintheself drivingcarorthecar smanufacturer newlawswillhavetobewrittentosortallthisout howinvolvedarewegoingtoexpectthehumanco pilottobe mustthe drivers remainvigilant theirhandsonthewheelandtheireyesontheroad ifnot whataretheyallowedtodoinsideoroutsidethecar canthehumaninthecardrink text message readabook atthesigningceremonyforcalifornia sself driving carlaw governorjerrybrownwasaskedwhoisresponsiblewhenaself drivingcarrunsaredlight heanswered idon tknow whoeverownsthecar iwouldthink butwewillworkthatout thatwillbetheeasiestthingtoworkout google sbrinjoked self drivingcarsdon trunredlights neitheranswerissufficient shouldself drivingcarsbelegal theywerelikelytostartshowingupfasterandingreaternumbersthanpeopleexpect butifthatisthecase weneedtostartthinkingaboutthelegalquestionsnow 语篇解读本文为议论文 最近美国的加利福尼亚州和内华达州通过立法 允许无人驾驶汽车在这两个州行驶 作者认为在无人驾驶汽车普及之前 我们应该修改交通法规 9 ifself drivingcarsarelegal allrulesaboutdrivinghavetobechanged because a thepresentrulesaboutdrivingareaimedathu