2019高考英语一轮基础达标练题Unit4Makingthenews含解析新人教版.docx

Making the news李仕才一、阅读理解。When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, theyre usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.Traditionally, coffee bushes are planted under the canopy(树荫) of taller trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow fullsun coffee. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there arent any trees. With increased production come increased profits.Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases the local wildlife habitat, because native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者) on the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.Furthermore, in the long term, the fullsun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides(杀虫剂) are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plants, and then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as “shadegrown” and “birdfriendly”. Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But were paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think its worth it.【解题导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，通过拉丁美洲的农民种植咖啡作物的事例说明了咖啡作物长在树下对生态系统的重要性。1Which opinion does the author agree with?APeople should buy fullsun coffee.BShadegrown coffee should be supported.CFarmers should change the places to grow coffee.DPesticides should be forbidden in coffee planting.B解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的第二句可知，作者支持农民种植对鸟类无害的长在树下的咖啡作物，故B项正确。2Compared with the traditional method, what advantage does the fullsun method have?AIt can protect the ecosystem.BIt can promote peoples health.CIt can provide more nests for birds.DIt can increase the production of coffee.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的最后两句可知，全阳光照射这种方法能提高咖啡豆的产量，增加利润，故D项正确。3How do farmers get more land to grow fullsun coffee?AThey cut down trees.BThey move to other countries.CThey turn grassland into farmland.DThey buy more land from other farmers.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句可知，农民通过砍伐树林来种植全阳光照射的咖啡作物，故A项正确。4What can we learn from the passage?AIt is quite worthwhile to buy shadegrown coffee at any cost.BFarmers all have realized the importance of protecting the environment now.CSouth American farmers are taking action to plant coffee bushes in the traditional way.DThe fullsun method does good to the health of human beings in the long run.C解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的第一句并结合第二段的第一句可推知，中南美洲的农民意识到了咖啡作物长在树下的重要性，他们开始改变种植方法，选择传统的种植方法，故C项正确。二、单句语法填空1We must concentrate our effort on _ (find) ways to reduce costs.答案：findingconcentrate ones effort on . “集中精力”，on为介词，故填动名词finding。2They study hard _ (acquire) a good knowledge of English.答案：to acquire此处不定式在句中作目的状语。3Ill keep you _ (inform) of the progress made at any time.答案：informedkeep sb. informed of sth. “通知某人某事/使某人了解某事”。4It is difficult _ (assess) the effects of these changes.答案：to assessIt isadj.to do sth. “做某事是的”。5You can never depend on it _ he can arrive on time.答案：thatdepend on it that “指望/相信”。6Are you _ (accuse) me of lying to the headmaster?Im sure you did.答案：accusingaccuse sb. of (doing) sth. “指责/控告某人(做)某事”。本句是一般疑问句，谓语动词用了现在进行时。7All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to _ (receive) in time for Christmas.答案：be receivedso as to do . “为了做”，gifts与receive之间为被动关系，故应填be received。8There are cases _ this rule does not work.答案：where若定语从句的先行词为抽象地点名词case, stage, point, position, condition等时，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导定语从句。9He left the classroom without the _ (approve) of the teacher.答案：approval由空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，设空处应填名词形式，即approval。10People demanded that the injured _ (take) to hospital at once.答案：(should) be takendemand意为“要求”，后跟宾语从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。主语the injured与动词take之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。三、完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。That was a sunny day.My father and I were on the way _1_ my uncles home.People on the street were walking leisurely and chatting _2_ ，while my father was walking in a hurry.I tried my best to _3_ him.But I was still left behind.I could not understand why he _4_ so fast.Due to the fast speed，I lost my _5_ and was completely with sweat.Somehow，I began to be angry at him.He always did not think about my_6_.“Why do you walk so fast? Dont you see me behind you？”I said _7_.“You are always like this.Why must you _8_ so loudly？”he said and his face got red right away.In fact，I deliberately spoke loudly and made him angry.“It is your _9_ ！”I shouted at him immediately.“You always like to _10_ others！”he cried out.This made me fall into a rage(愤怒)Then we _11_ on the street.Whatever he said，I quickly answered back.At that time，I was like a wild beast，losing my temper.Many people stopped to look at us.I was so _12_ that I could feel my face burning，for I saw some people _13_ me，which made me lose face.I touched my face _14_ glared at him.“I will never talk to him，”I said to myself angrily._15_ could make people forget everything that your beloved had done for you.When I went to college，I still hated him.I did not say anything to him，_16_ I were not his daughter.Always I pretended to complain that I was too_17_ when he called me.However，it was his tears from the wornout_18_ that made me feel guilty when we met.He had given me everything he had，but I could not._19_ ，I realized that I should not hate him.Now I begin to phone him and ask him to take care of himself.Although sometimes parents will _20_ wrong，they just hope we can be better.1A.at BtoCfor Dof2A.perfectly BeagerlyCanxiously Denjoyably3A.make fun of Bcatch up withCmake way for Dget rid of4A.walked BranCstarted Dtrained5A.temper BconfidenceCbreath Dbalance6A.beliefs BbehaviorCfeelings Drequests7A.calmly BfrequentlyCsoftly Dloudly8A.tell BclaimCread Dspeak9A.fault BcrueltyCorigin Dbusiness10A.enjoy BadmireCblame Dabuse11A.fought BbargainedCconsulted Dquarreled12A.alarmed BafraidCashamed Damazed13A.asking for Blaughing atCwaiting for Daiming at14A.and BsoCbut Dor15A.Anger BSenseCCare DShame16A.in case Bas ifCunless Dafter17A.wrong BcrazyCbusy Dinnocent18A.arm BfaceChead Dbody19A.Naturally BOccasionallyCObviously DGradually20A.do BgiveCfind Dkeep【解题导语】作者因一件小事和父亲在大街上争吵，致使自己颜面尽失，于是下定决心不再与父亲说话。但随着岁月的流逝，作者意识到是愤怒让自己忘记了自己最爱的人为自己所做的一切，于是逐渐改变了自己对父亲的态度。1B根据语境可知，作者与父亲是在去叔叔家的路上。on the way to.意为“在去的路上”，符合语境。故选B项。2D该句中while表示对比，意为“然而”。此处是说作者和父亲走得比较匆忙，而街上的其他人走得比较悠闲，边走边开心地(enjoyably)聊着天。故选D项。perfectly意为“完美地”；eagerly意为“急切地”；anxiously意为“焦虑地”。3B从下文的I was still left behind可知，父亲走得很快，作者试图赶上他，但是仍然被落在了后面。catch up with意为“赶上”，符合语境。故选B项。make fun of意为“取笑”；make way for意为“给让路”；get rid of意为“摆脱；除去”。4A根据第二段开头的Why do you walk so fast？可知，此处指作者不知道为什么父亲走(walked)得那么快。故选A项。5C根据空后的completely with sweat可知，由于走得太快，作者气喘吁吁、汗流浃背。lose ones breath意为“喘不过气来”，符合语境。故选C项。temper意为“脾气”；confidence意为“信心”；balance意为“平衡”。6C根据上文中的I began to be angry at him可知，作者对父亲很生气，认为他根本不考虑作者的感受(feelings)。故选C项。belief意为“信念”；behavior意为“行为；举止”；request意为“请求；要求”。7D上文提到作者很生气，所以说话的声音应该是很大的。根据第8空后的so loudly也可知答案。故选D项。calmly意为“平静地”； frequently意为“频繁地”；softly意为“温柔地”。8D根据下文的In fact，I deliberately spoke loudly and.可知，此处指父亲埋怨作者说话声音大。故选D项。9A作者责怪父亲走太快，自己跟不上，因此，此处指作者认为这都是父亲的过错(fault)。故选A项。cruelty意为“残忍”；origin意为“起源”；business意为“事情；商业”。10C作者在埋怨父亲，而此时父亲也非常生气。因此，父亲在说作者总是责备(blame)别人。故选C项。enjoy意为“喜欢”；admire意为“欣赏”；abuse意为“虐待；滥用”。11D根据下文Whatever he said，I quickly answered back.At that time, I was like a wild beast，losing my temper.可知，作者大发脾气，与父亲在大街上吵了起来，所以选quarreled，意为“争吵”。fight意为“打架”；bargain意为“讨价还价”；consult意为“咨询”。12C根据空后的I could feel my face burning可知，和父亲吵架引来很多路人驻足观看，作者感觉自己的脸滚烫，因此可推断，作者感到羞愧(ashamed)。alarmed意为“担忧的；恐慌的”；afraid意为“害怕的”；amazed意为“惊奇的”。13B由空后的made me lose face可知，作者觉得很丢人，因为看到路人在嘲笑她。laugh at意为“嘲笑”，符合语境。故选B项。ask for意为“请求；要求”；wait for意为“等待”；aim at意为“针对；以为目标”。14A句意为：我摸了摸我的脸，怒视着他。touched和glared是作者先后做的两个并列的动作，所以用and连接。15A文中反复提到angry，通过对与父亲吵架的描述可知，此处指生气能让人忘记你所爱的人为你做的一切。故选A项。16B设空后的I were not his daughter为虚拟语气，作者因怒生恨，吵架后不与父亲说话，就好像自己不是父亲的女儿似的。as if意为“好像”，符合语境。in case意为“以防”；unless意为“除非”；after意为“在之后”。17C父亲每次打电话时，作者总是抱怨太忙。busy意为“忙碌的”，符合语境。故选C项。wrong意为“错误的”；crazy意为“疯狂的”；innocent意为“无辜的”。18B眼泪应该是从脸上流下来，所以选face。句意为：但是，当我们见面时，父亲那饱经沧桑的脸上流下的泪水使我感到内疚。19D根据空后的I realized that I should not hate him可知，作者越来越理解父亲，认识到不应该再恨父亲，此处强调的是一个心理逐渐变化的过程。gradually意为“慢慢地；逐渐地”，符合语境。故选D项。naturally意为“自然地”occasionally意为“偶然”；obviously意为“明显地”。20A尽管有时候父母会做错事，但是他们希望我们能更好。此处指可能会做错事，所以选A项。四、单句改错1Youll be faced with two choiceswhether to be fired or not, depend on your performance in the work._答案：dependdepending句中已有谓语动词be faced with且无连词，故depend应用非谓语动词形式。depending on . 现在分词短语在句中作状语。2We had a thoroughly cleaning of our house at the weekend._答案：thoroughlythorough此处需用形容词thorough来修饰动名词cleaning，故改为thorough。3It is demanded that a doctor must be sent for._答案：mustshould或去掉mustdemand后跟宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，其谓语动词应用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。4They are all eager to the chance to be the top ones in the world competition as athletes._答案：第一个toforbe eager for sth. “渴望(得到)某物”。5Youd better put on a thick sweater in case of it snows._答案：去掉ofin case of sth. “如果；假使”；in case从句“万一/以防；如果/假使”。根据从句“it snows”可知应用in case，故去掉of。五、短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2018烟台诊断)Li Ming is a friend of mine.Im glad he changed greatly in the past two years.I clearly remember he was quite fat two years before.He got tired so easy that he couldnt take exercise，that made him very upset.Later，he realized unless he went on like that，he would end up achieve nothing.So he made up his minds to make a change.He went running every morning and played the basketball every afternoon.Besides，he followed a diet of more vegetables or less meat.Gradually he began to lose weight.He is now an energetic boy in good health.So when faced with problems，we should overcome it with great determination and strong willpower.【答案】Li Ming is a friend of mine.Im glad he changed greatly in the past two years.I clearly remember he was quite fat two years .He got tired so that he couldnt take exercise， made hi