高中英语 语法之名词性从句课件.ppt

名词性从句nounclause 主语从句subjectclause 宾语从句objectclause 表语从句predicativeclause 同位语从句appositiveclause 一 名词性从句之 主语从句 1 主语从句 相当于主语的句子whowillgomakesnodifference whathesaidisnottrue whetherhecomesornotisuncertain whetherwewillgoforapicnictomorrowdependsontheweather thatthewoodedsoldierisstillaliveisawonder 2 引导主语从句的词 连词 that whether连接代词 what ever who ever which ever whose 连接副词 when where how why 充当主语 宾语 定语等 起连接作用不充当成分 充当状语表时间 地点 方式 原因 whenyourunclewillarrivewasnotmentionedinhisletter wherethepainterisfromisunknowntousall howwe llsolvetheproblemshouldbediscussedagainwhyyouwenttherealonemustbeexplainedtous 连接副词 when where how why引导的主语从句 3 it做形式主语thatweshouldmasterenglishwellisimportant itisimportantthatweshouldmasterenglishwell whowillbesenttothefronthasn tbeendecidedyet ithasn tbeendecidedyetwhowillbesenttothefront 常见的固定句型 it的用法 形式主语 it possible important necessary clear that 很可能 重要的是 必要的是 很清楚 it ssaid reported that 据说 据报道 it sbeenannounced declaredthat 已经通知 宣布 itseems appears happens that 看似 显然 碰巧 it snowonderthat 并不奇怪 无疑 it sapity afact acommonknowledge 众所周知 acommonsayingthat 俗话说 it be adj important essential natural necessary thatsb shoulddosth it be adj amazing clear certain that从句itiscertainthatwewilldoagoodjob itisveryclearthatweshouldleave b it be n apity afact agoodidea anhonor amystery apleasure ashame awonder achallenge that从句itisstillamysteryhowtheprisonerescaped itisstillaquestionwhetherwecangothere it snowonderthathewinthegame c it be p p known said reported believed suggested stressed that wh 从句itisknowntoallthatheartattackisterrible itisreportedthathehaswonthebet 以上三种句型表建议 要求 责任 义务 或愿望从句谓语常用should do should可以省略 itissuggestedthatyou should takeit itisnecessarythatyoushouldstop d it happened occurto seem matter appear that wh clauseithappenedthatiwaslateforschool itmatterswhetherhewillacceptourinvitation 1 宾语从句宾语从句的引导词宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用 可以作动词的宾语 也可以作介词的宾语 引导宾语从句词有连词that if whether连接代词who whose what which whoever whomever whatever whichever连接副词when where how 以及how构成的词组 why等 二 宾语从句theobjectclause 1 ihear that 一小时后会回来 2 hesaid that 他非常想我们 3 theteachertoldus that 地球围绕太阳转 宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略 当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时 第二个从句起that引导词不能省 当that作介词宾语时 that不可省掉 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句 1 everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried 2 thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo 3 ithinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadenglishaloud 2 由从属连词if whether引导的宾从 iwanttoknow 他是否和我们一起去公园 askhim 他是否能来 idon tknow 是否要下雨 if wetherhewillgototheparkwithus if wetherhecancome wetheritisgoingtorainornot whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if 练一练 if whether1 iaskedher shehadabike 2 we reworriedabout heissafe 3 idon tknow heiswellornot 4 idon tknow togo 5 hedoesn tcare itisn tafineday if whether whether whether whether 注 1 表示 是否 后接动词不定式时用whether whethertodosth 2 宾语从句是否定句时一般用if引导 if 3 由连接代词 what who whom which whose 连接副词 when where how why 引导的宾从 heasked 谁能回答这个问题 doyouknow 他们在等谁 heasked 谁的书法是班上最好的 pleasetell 我们什么时候开会 whocouldanswerthequestion whomtheyarewaitingfor whosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass whenwe llhaveameeting canyoutellme 他在哪儿 couldyoutellme 怎样到达车站 wouldyoutellme 火车为什么晚点 whereheis howicangettothestation whythetrainwaslate 注 因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分 具有一定的意义 所以不可以省略 4 带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句 1 couldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytohainan 2 couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday 3 couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast 4 idon tknowhowfaritistothecinema 5 pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool 6 pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris 5 疑问词 ever whatever whichever whoever whomever引导宾语从句i llshowyouwhateveryouwanttosee helikestomakesfriendswithwhoevershareshisinterest 二 注意正确使用时态如果主句是一般现在时 一般将来时或祈使句时 宾语从句时态不受限制ihearheisheretoday hewashereyesterday hewillbeheretomorrow 2 如果主句是一般过去时 宾语从句应与主句保持一致 即使用过去时态的某种形式 hesaidhewaswatchingtv hehadsweptthefloor hewouldplayfootballafterschool 3 如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实 自然现象 科学真理等时 从句不受主句限制 用一般现在时 everyoneansweredtherearesixtyminutesinanhour 1 theradiosaysit cloudytomorrow be 2 theheadmasterhopeseverything well go 3 tomsaysthatthey play basketballatsixo clockyesterdayevening 4 ihearthey return italready 5 hesaidthatthey membersofthepartysince1948 be willbe goes wereplaying havereturned hadbeen 三 注意否定的转移 主语谓语动词为think consider suppose believe expect guess imagine等 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上idon tthinkthatthisdressfitsyouwell 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿 idon tsupposethatitistrue 我认为那不是真的 一doyoubelieveitwillclearup 一ibelieveso 我认为会这样 idon tbelieveso 或ibelievenot 我认为不会这样 idoubtif whetherhewillpasstheexam idon tdoubtthatwewillwinthematch doyoudoubtthathediditonhisown 四 doubt问题 肯定句中用if whether 否定句中用that 疑问句中用that 1 idoubt heistellingthetruth 2 weneverdoubt theplanwillbecarriedout 3 doeshedoubt youarefromaustralia 4 i mdoubtful hewillagreetothis if whether that that if whether 1 表语从句放在连系动词之后 充当复合句中的表语 thequestioniswhowilldoit 系动词 表语从句 2 系动词 引导词 简单句whatiwanttosayisthatiamtired 引导词 表语从句 三 predicativeclauses表语从句 连接词 that whether if不引导表语从句 asif asthough连接代词 who whom whose which what连接副词 when where why how because thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim that sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime helookedasifhewasgoingtocry itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor that swhyiwaslate 注意 在表语从句中 表 是否 时 只能用 whether 不能用 if 2 一般情况下 that 不能省 3 itis wasbecause itis waswhy 4 thereason why for is wasthat 5 thereasonisbecause why that 3 引导表语从句的关联词的种类 1 可接表从的连系动词有be is am are was were look seem sound appear等 chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe thequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus atthattime itseemedasificouldn tthinkoftherightword itseemsthathewaslateforthetrain itappearsthatshewaswrong 2 because why引导的表语从句that sbecausehedidn tunderstandme that sbecause 强调原因 that swhyhegotangrywithme that swhy 强调结果 thereasonwhyiwassadwasthathedidn tunderstandme 3 wh 疑问词引导表语从句myquestioniswholeft whatiwonderiswhenheleft that swhathewants thisiswheretheyoncelived thatiswhyhedidn tcomehere 使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议 命令 要求 计划等含义的名词 常见的词有 advice suggestion order request plan idea等 后的表语从句 谓语动词需用 should 动词原形 表示 should可以省略 mysuggestionisthatwe should startearlytomorrow 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发 myideaisthatweshouldthinkitoverbeforeacceptingit 1 thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting 2 ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome 3 wordcametohimthatmaryhadprobablyfallenill 4 theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy thenews idea word thequestion 观察下列句子划红线的部分 四 同位语从句 1 概念 在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句 2 功能 同位语从句对名词进一步解释 说明名词的具体内容 3 用法 常跟的抽象名词有 fact idea reason thought order doubt news hope truth belief theory decision discovery problem evidence opinion 4 连接词that whether who which what when where why how 连接词that引导的同位语从句 that在从句中不充当成分 只起连接作用 不可省略 hetoldmethenewsthathewouldcomehomefromaboardsoon 他告诉我一个消息 他马上要从国外回国 thereisnodoubtthatthepricesofcarswillgodown 只用whether引导 不用if 而且whether不充当成分 这个问题是否正确还未被证实 theproblem isrighthasn tbeenproved 连接词whether引导的同位语从句 whether 连接词代词what which who引导的同位语从句 1 谁会出国这个问题还未决定 2 我不知道该选哪个 1 thequestion shouldgoabroadhasn tbeendecidedyet 2 ihavenoidea oneishouldchoose which who 定语 主 在从句中充当成分 连接词副词when where why how引导的同位语从句 1 我了解他们为什么离开得那么早 2 我们还没决定好去哪儿 1 i vegotagoodidea theyleftearly 2 thequestion weshouldgohasnotbeendecided why where wewereexcitedatthenews ourfootballteamhadwonathirdmatch theyhavemadeanewplan anotherexperimentbuildingwillbeputupbesidethelibrary 合并成一句 wewereexcitedatthenewsthatourfootballteamhadwonathirdmatch theyhavemadeanewplanthatanotherexperimentbuildingwillbeputupbesidethelibrary 3 theyhadthequestion couldhepassthefinalexam 4 whodidthedamagedcomputerbelongto noonehadanyidea theyhadthequestionwhetherhecouldpassthefinalexam noonehadanyideawhothedamagedcomputerbelongedto 5 theproblemhasbeensolved whyweresomanyareasfloodedduringtheheavystorm theproblemwhysomanyareaswerefloodedduringtheheavystormhasbeensolved 6 twothirdsofallgirlsinbritainareonadiet thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot 7 thequeenofenglandwasonathree dayvisitinchina weheardthenewslastnight thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot weheardthenewslastnightthatthequeenofenglandwasonathree dayvisitinchina 8 timetravelispossible thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea 9 chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible thesuggestionthatchinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool 同位语从句与定语从句区别 1 从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea fact news hope belief suggestion proposal word thought doubt truth possibility promise order等表抽象意义的名词 而定语从句的先行词可以是名词 代词 主句的一部分或是整个主句 hetoldmethenewsthathewouldcomehomefromaboardsoon wordcamethathehadbeenabroad 据说他已经出国了 ourteamhaswonthegame whichmadeusveryhappy 我们的队赢了 这让我们很高兴 同位语从句 定语从句 2 从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制 属于形容词性从句的范畴 而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释 属于名词性从句的范畴 如 thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameistrue 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的 同位语从句 补充说明news到底是一个什么消息 thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的 定语从句 news在从句中作told的宾语 3 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别有些引导词如how whether what可以引导同位语从句 但不能引导定语从句 如 thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑 同位语从句 引导词that引导定语从句时 在从句中一般作主语或宾语 指物时还可以用which代替 并且作宾语时常常省略 that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用 不充当任何成分 并且不能省略 也不能用which来代替 如 theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了 同位语从句 是对order的具体解释that虽不作成分 但不能省略 theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组 定语从句 是名词order的修饰语 that在从句中作received的宾语 可以省略 thenewsthatwehadsuccessfullysentupanothercommunicationsatellitespreadthroughouttheworld 2 that sthebestpieceofnewsi veheard 3 i venohopethatmyparentshavebeenexpectingtome 判断下列哪些含有同位语从句 哪些含有定语从句 定语从句 定语从句 同位语从句 4 isthereanyhopethathewillbehomeat7 30 5 thepossibilitythatyoureferredtodoesn texistatall 6 thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant 7 thereisastrongpossibilitythatwemaybeinfranceforthenextweek 定语从句 定语从句 同位语从句 同位语从句 1 madetheschoolproudwas morethan90 ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities awhat becausebwhat thatcthat whatdthat because2 shecouldn tunderstandwas fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons awhat whybthat whatcwhat becausedwhy that b a b 3 heisabsentfromschool itis heisseriouslyill a whyb becausec thatd thereason 4 hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising awhobtheonecanyonedwhoever5 informationhasbeenputforward moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities athatbhowcwheredwhat d a 6 isnopossibility bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch a there thatb it thatc there whetherd it which a 7 idrovetozhuhaifortheairshowlastweek isthat youhadafewdaysoff awhybwhencwhatdwhere8areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday sgame oh that s awhatmakesmefeelexcitedbwhateverifeelexcitedaboutchowifeelaboutitdwhenifeelexcited a a fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect awhatbthatcthisdwhich10 whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview pleaserememberthegoldenrule alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly hewants awhatbwhichcwhendthat11 wemadethesuggestionthathe hiswork acontinuesbcontinueccontinueddhadcontinued b a b 12 therewillbeaspecialpricefor buysthingsinlargenumberhere a whob whomc whoeverd whomever13 marywroteanarticleon theteamhadfailedtowinthegame whyb whatc whod that 05 14 thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept helphecanget 05 a whicheverb howeverc whateverd whenever 15 manynewspaperprintedthegovernor sstatement wouldsupportataxcut andheb wasthathecwhichhedthathe16 manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun whichb howc whatd that17 itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild heorshewants a howeverb whateverc whicheverd whenever 18 canyoumakesure thegoldrings a whereshehadputb wherehadsheputc whereshehasputd wherehassheput 19 thereasonthathasbeensuchasuccess henevergivesup a isb isbecausec isthatd iswhat 20 breaksthelawshouldbepunished awhoeverb nomatterwhoc anyone d who 21 thatis ihadtotaketheriskofbeingwashedaway a whyb reasonwhyc howd what22 do youthinkisright difficultiesyoumayhave a what howeverb that whateverc whatever whoeverd what whatever23 theworkersconsidereditimportant thebosswouldagreetogivethemarise a whetherb howc whered which 24 alongwiththeletterwash