高考英语二轮专题复习与测试 第二篇 阅读 第一章 第四节 文章主旨题的解题技巧课件.ppt

第二篇阅读第四节文章主旨题的解题技巧 阅读一篇文章 我们首先要了解其大意 明确其主旨 因此 主旨大意题是英语阅读理解中的常考题 主旨大意题包括 主题类试题 mainidea mainlyabout 和文章标题 title 类试题 第一类主题类试题 1 what sthemainidea pointofthepassage 2 thepassageismainlyabout 3 thepassageismainlyconcernedabout 4 whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage 5 whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea themeofthepassage 一 常见的设问形式 6 inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily 7 thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis 8 thegeneral mainideaofthepassageisabout 弄清文章的大意 关键是找到主题句 主题句通常在文首 文末或首尾呼应 但有时也在文中 甚至没有主题句 需根据文章所述内容进行归纳 同时 各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句 议论文和说明文一般有主题句 但记叙文通常没有主题句 需要归纳 用浏览法 skimming 即快速阅读文首 文尾 或每段的首句和尾句等 搜索主题线索和主题信息的方法可以快速找到主题句 以下是找主题句的四个小窍门 二 解题方法 1 段落中出现表转折的词语 如however but infact actually等 时 该句很可能是主题句 2 首段出现疑问句时 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨 3 作者有意识地反复重复的观点 通常是主旨 反复出现的词语 一般为体现文章主旨的关键词 4 表示总结或结论的话常有therefore thus inshort conclude conclusion等 例somepeoplethinkthatsuccessisonlyforthosewithtalentorthosewhogrowupintherightfamily andothersbelievethatsuccessmostlycomesdowntoluck i mnotgoingtosayluck talent andcircumstancesdon tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligence andthat sjusttherealityofhowlifeis however tosucceedinlife onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical and inadditiontothat inordertogenerallygoodatsomething oneneedstospendatleast10 000hoursstudyingandpracticing tobecomegreatatcertainthings it llrequireevenmoretime timethatmostpeoplewon tputin whateveryoudo ifyouwanttobecomegreatatit youneedtoworkdayinanddayout almosttothepointofaddiction andoveralongperiodoftime ifyou renotwillingtoputinthetimeandwork don texpecttoreceiveanyrewards whatisthemainthemeofthepassage a havingagoalisvitaltosuccess b beinggoodisdifferentfrombeinggreat c onecannotsucceedwithouttimeandpractice d luck talentandfamilyhelptoachievesuccess 主旨归纳题 由第二段开头的however可知 本文的中心论题不是第一段而在第二段 tosucceedinlife onefirstneedsto needsto 再结合最后一段第一句 ifyouwanttobecomegreatatit youneedtoworkdayinanddayout almosttothepointofaddiction andoveralongperiodoftime 可知本文的主题思想 不花时间 不去实践是不可能取得成功的 c 第二类标题类试题 1 thebesttitleofthepassageis 2 whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage 3 thebesttitleforthepassageis 4 themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis 一 常见的设问形式 一个好的标题应具备三个特点 概括性强 准确而又简短 针对性强 标题外延正好与文章内容相符 醒目性强 新颖奇特 能引发读者的阅读欲望 因此有必要掌握以下三种方法 1 正面肯定法 在理解文章主旨的基础上 揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨 2 反面否定法 撇开原文 拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的 文章 将是什么内容 然后和原文章对照 一一排除不符选项 二 解题方法 3 研究备选项本身 研究备选项里面的中心词 修饰词的变化 结构 新奇性 概括性等 例1intheanimalkingdom weaknesscanbringaboutaggressioninotheranimal thissometimeshappenswithhumansalso butihavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople iseeiteverydaywhenpeopleholddoorsforme pourcreamintomycoffee orhelpmetoputonmycoat andihavediscoveredthatitmakesthemhappy frommywheelchairexperience iseethebestinpeople often wetryeverywaypossibletoavoidshowingourweakness butonlywhenwestoppretendingwe rebraveorstrongdoweallowpeopletoshowthekindnessthat sinthem whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage a awheelchairexperienceb weaknessandkindnessc weaknessandstrengthd adrivingexperience 标题类主旨大意题 在第一段中出现了表示转折的 butihavefoundthatmyweaknessbringsoutthekindnessinpeople 便是主题句 再根据第二段最后一句可以确定选b b 例2althoughtheuseoftheexpressionisaninsincere meaninglesssocialcustomattimes thereisnothingwrongwiththesentenceexceptthatitislittleuninteresting thesalesgirl thewaitress theteacher andallthecountlessotherswhospeakitwithoutthinkingmaynotreallycareaboutmyday butinastrangeandcomfortableway it snicetoknowtheycareenoughtopretendtheycarewhentheyreallydon tcareallthatmuch whiletheexpressionmaynotoftenbesincere itisalwaysspoken thepointisthatpeoplesayitallthetimewhentheylike whatisthebesttitleofthepassage a haveaniceday asocialcustomb haveaniceday apleasantgesturec haveaniceday aheart warminggreetingd haveaniceday apoliteendingofaconversation 标题类主旨大意题 由该段的第一句 特别是socialcustom 可知 a 阅读下列文段 从a b c和d项中选出最佳选项 1 sometimesyou llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself sometimesyou llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself eitherway you vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky sureweallknowthatwe retheappleofourparents eyes andthatourgrandmasthinkwe regreattalentsandourunclerobertsthinkthatwewillgototheolympics butsometimesit salothardertothink 即学即练 suchnicethoughtsaboutourselves ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge itistimeyoubuildapositiveself imageandlearntoloveyourself thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself imageistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuccesses thatis makealistifyouneedto butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoeveryday don tallowdoubtstooccurinit thebestwaytogetridofanegativeself imageistorealizethatyourimageisfarfromobjective andtoactivelyconvinceyourselfofyourpositivequalities changingthewayyouthinkandworkingonthoseyouneedtoimprovewillgoalongwaytowardspromotingapositiveself image whenyoucanpat 拍 yourselfontheback you llknowyou rewellonyourway goodluck whatisthepassagemainlyabout a howtoprepareforyoursuccess b howtofacechallengesinyourlife c howtobuildapositiveself image d howtodevelopyourgoodqualities 主旨大意题 反复出现的词语 一般为体现文章主旨的关键词 第一段最后一句中有 buildapositiveself image 第二段首句的 thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself imageisto 最后一段的首句 thebestwaytogetridofanegativeself imageisto 都是说明如何建立积极的自我形象的 故选c c 2 weatherchangeswhenthetemperatureandtheamountofwaterintheatmospherechange wecanseeandfeelwatercomingfromtheatmospherewhenwehaverain butthewatermustsomehowgetbacktotheatmosphere meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle whatisthemainideaofthepassage a watercycle b watervapour c howrainforms d water vapour rain 主旨大意题 由该段最后一句 meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle 可知选a a 3 technologyistheapplication 应用 ofknowledgetoproduction thankstomoderntechnology wehavebeenabletoincreasegreatlytheefficiencyofourworkforce newmachinesandnewmethodshavehelpedcutdowntimeandexpensewhileincreasingoveralloutput thishasmeantmoreproductionandahigherstandardofliving formostofusinamerica moderntechnologyisthoughtofasthereasonwhywecanhavecarsandtelevisionsets however technologyhasalsoincreasedtheamountoffoodavailabletous bymeansofmodernfarmingmachineryandanimalbreedingtechniques andhasextendedourlifespanvia 通过 medicaltechnology whatisthebesttitleforthepassage a thedefinitionoftechnologyb moderntechnologyc theapplicationoftechnologyd thedevelopmentoftechnology 主旨大意题 文章第一句是主题句 科学技术是知识在生产上的应用 后面的内容都是根据这句话来展开 c 4 themostwidespreadmistakeofallisthatcoldsarecausedbycold theyarenot theyarecausedbyviruses 病毒 passingonfrompersontoperson youcatchacoldbycomingintocontact directlyorindirectly withsomeonewhoalreadyhasone ifcoldcausescolds itwouldbereasonabletoexpecttheeskimostosufferfromthemforever buttheydonot andinisolatedarcticregionsexplorershavereportedbeingfreefromcoldsuntilcomingintocontactagainwithinfectedpeoplefromtheoutsideworldbywayofpackagesandmaildroppedfromairplanes thepassagemainlydiscusses a theexperimentsonthecommoncoldb thefallacy 谬论 aboutthecommoncoldc thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcoldsd thecontinuedspreadofcommoncolds 主旨大意题 该段的第一 二句 themostwidespreadmistakeofallisthatcoldsarecausedbycold theyarenot 是本文的主题句 全文主要反驳了 感冒是由寒冷引起的 这一观点 b 5 zinc 锌 isoneofabout20elementsnecessaryforgoodhealth itispresentinthebodyinaverysmallamountbutmakesitpossibleforimportantchemicalactionstobecarriedoutincells scientistsarejustbeginningtodiscoverhowzincandotherelementswork thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe a anewdiscoveryb zincandhealthc howzincworksd addzinctoyourfood 主旨大意题 根据第一句 主题句 zinc 锌 isoneofabout20elementsnecessaryforgoodhealth 可知 b 6 accordingtoafamousoptical 光学 expert alexander whorecentlyvisitedshanghai thedevelopedcountriesineuropeandamericahavemaderulesthatchildrenmustwearresinous 树脂 glassesinsteadofthetraditionalglassesmadeofglass thisisbecausetheglassglassesaremorelikelytodoharmtochildren seyesight thispieceofnewsmainlywantstotellus a alexandervisitedchinaandintroducedanewtypeofglasses b weshouldwearresinousglassesinsteadofglassglassesc resinousglassesarepopularineuropeandamericad glassescanbemadeofothermaterialsinsteadofglass 主旨大意题 根据文章第一句 childrenmustwearresinous 树脂 glassesinsteadofthetraditionalglasses