森林经理及测树学词汇.doc

中文翻译词汇对照表机关名称双语词汇对照表繁体中文 英语行政院农业委员会林务局 Forestry Bureau花莲林区管理处 HuaLien Forest District Office, Forestry Bureau处长室 Director Office副处长室 Deputy Director Office秘书室 Secretariat林政课 Forest Administration Section作业课 Operations Section育乐课 Recreation Section治山课 Hillside Stabilization Section秘书室(行政室) Secretariat(General Affairs Office)会计室 Accounting Office人事室 Personnel Office政风室 Office新城工作站 Sincheng Station南华工作站 Nanhua Station万荣工作站 Wanrong Station玉里工作站 Yuli Station池南国家森林游乐区 Chihnan National Forest Recreation Area富源国家森林游乐区 FuYuan National Forest Recreation Area职称双语词汇对照表繁体中文 英语处长 Director副处长 Deputy Director秘书 Secretary专员(具专业技术) Specialist专员(一般行政) Executive Officer课长 Chief主任 Chief荐任技正(具工程专业技术)Engineer荐任技正(具其他专业技术)Specialist技士(具工程专业技术) Technician技士(一般行政业务) Officer技佐(具工程专业技术) Associate Technician技佐(一般行政业务) Officer课员 Officer办事员 Clerk助理员 Clerk雇员 Assistant Clerk护士 Nurse技术士 Technical Worker业务士 Messenger驾驶(首长座车) Chauffeur驾驶(公务车) Driver工友 Maintenance Worker林学专有名称双语词汇对照表繁体中文 英语同龄林 forest consisting of even-aged stand (trans.)掠夺式经营 exploitation management;high grading间歇经营,间歇经营林;间歇作业 intermittent production;forest under intermittent management林分经营;林分管理 stand management;management on a stand basis立木蓄积,立木度 stocking (=d)更新作业法;作业法 silvicultural system稽核;照查 control永续林;恒续林 continuous cover forest永续林经营;永续林施业;恒续林施业 continuous cover forest management system单木作业;单采作业;单木施业 forest management by individual trees掠夺式伐采 exploitation划伐,伞伐混合作业;群状伞伐作业 shelterwood group system;group shelterwood system划伐作业;群状择伐作业 group selection system;group selection management经营林;施业林;生产林 managed forest营林监督 forest inspection森林经营计画;森林经营(学) forest management ();forest management planning(neol.)森林法 forest act;forest ordinance;forest law营林监督 forest inspection森林条例;森林法令 forest ordinance林业政策;森林政策 forest policy林业;林学 forestry林业经济;林业经济学 forest economics高山林;山岳林;山地林 mountain forest大面积伞伐作业;大面积伞状天然下种法;广状伞伐更新法 uniform shelterwood system小面积集团森林经营 group management乔林;用材林 high forest乔林作业 high forest system木材需求;木材需要 demand for wood木材供销;木材获得 timber supply木材生产 timber production;wood production原木分级;材种;原木检尺 timber assortment木材消费 wood consumption;timber consumption木材供给 wood procurement林产业;木材工业;木材加工业 timber industry;wood processing industry禁止皆伐 clear fell ban;prohibition of clear cutting皆伐作业(法) clearcutting system;crearfelling system地景经营;地景施业;景观施业 landscape management地景保护;景观保护 landscape protection阔叶树林 broadleaved forest;hardwood forest多目标(利用)林业 multiple-use management;multi-use management混交林;混合林;混生林 mixed woodland;mixed forest中林;矮林;萌芽林 coppice with standards中林作业;矮林保残作业法coppice with standards system;composite forest system;storied coppice system(UK)针叶树林 coniferous forest近天然经营林分;近自然经营之林分 near to nature forest;naturally managed forest天然林;自然林;自生林 natural forest;indigenous forest矮林;萌芽林 coppice forest;sprout forest;low forest矮林择伐作业;择伐矮林作业 coppice selection system矮林作业;简单(单纯)矮林作业 simple coppice system正规林业;正规森林经营;合法的林业 regulated forest management人工林经营 plantation management择伐作业 selection system;single tree selection system择伐林 selection forest;plenter-wood环状划伐;带状划伐;带进孔状伞伐 strip-and-group felling ()带状划伐;带进群状伞伐作业 strip-and-group felling system带状伐采作业 strip cutting system;strip felling system速生林作业 free growth management伞伐作业法 shelterwood method;shelterwood system异龄混交法;混合林;混交林 highly structured forests保残木作业;二段乔林作业;保残乔林作业 high forest with reserves (system);high forest with standards(system)原始林;原生林 virgin forest蓄积保育 management of the growing stock森林 forest育林(学) ;造林;造林学 silviculture森林利用(学) forest utilization;forest utilisation森林生态系 forest ecosystem牧野经营;牧野管理;草原管理 pasture management;range management再造林义务 replant duty;legal obligation to replant作业级;事业区 working circle森林调查专家(员);森林调查专业人员 forest inventory specialist森林经营计画之归纳及演绎计画法;森林经营(经理)之归纳及演绎法indicative and deductive forest management methods森林生长控制 control of forest growth (trans.)绩效检验 performance test永续林业;永续森林经营 sustainable forest management永续性;保续;永续 sustainablility永续作业;永续经营 sustained-yield management永续准则;永续基准 sustainability criteria永续经营调整;永续经营规整(调整) sustained yield regulation禁伐;禁伐令;禁止开发 preservation order;exploitation ban再生产 reproduction超伐;过伐 overcutting;overfelling伐采龄 felling age树龄,林龄 age龄阶;龄级区分 age gradation龄级结构;龄级分布;龄级构成 age calss distribution林木界限;树限;乔木界限 timber line;tree line林业经营单元(单位) management unit林缘;林分边界 stand edge;edge of a stand林分安全性(稳定性) stand stability经营安全性;低风险之森林经营;森林经营之风险回避(低危险) low-risk forest management财政轮伐期;理财的轮伐期 financial rotation面积加权平均林龄;森林之加权平均林龄 weighed average age of a forest(trans.)伐采方向;伐木倒向 felling direction伐采周期;回归期;循环期 felling cycle;cutting cycle次序;优先顺序;顺序 order天然林演替相;天然林演替阶段;天然林之发育过程(阶段) development phases of (natural) forests森林经营计画期;计画期间;作业计画期 planning period;forest management period;working plan period择伐作业体系;择伐作业 forest selection system生产期;生产时间;生产性作业时间 production time;productive time林缘保护;林分边缘保护 edge protection空间次序;收获地域(地点)顺序 spatial order林缘(缘条);境界 edge;border伐采顺序(序列) cutting sequence;felling sequence伐采顺序规划;伐采序列 cutting order;felling order伐采管理 harvest management伐采序列 felling series经营计画起始日;经营计画之开始日 starting date of a management plan (trans.)生态稳定性 ecological stability工艺轮伐期 technical rotation林衣;林套 forest mantle收获周期;回归年(期) harvesting cycle;cutting cycle轮伐期 rotation;rotation length最大材积收获轮伐期;材积收获最多之轮伐期 rotation of maximum volume production最大收益轮伐期;金钱总收益最高之轮伐期 rotation of maximum cash flow;maximum cash flow rotation最大土地净收益轮伐期;土地纯收益最高之轮伐期 rotation of maximum soil rent最大森林净收益轮伐期;森林纯收益最高之轮伐期 rotation of maximum income;rotation of the highest net income伐期龄;轮伐期 rotation age更新级 regeneration class更新期 regeneration interval;regeneration period预测 forecast;prognosis;prediction森林覆盖率;森林占有率;森林率 percent forest cover森林结构;森林构造 forest structure;forest composition森林界限;树木界限 forest boundary;forest limit抗风力;暴风抗力;耐风力;风阻力 windthrow resistance;wind resistance;wind firmness森林经营单元;森林经营单位 forest management unit经济伐期 economic maturity收获时序;收获次序 temporal order时间序列 time series时间序列分析;时序分析 time series analysis收获表 yield table理想立木度;法正蓄积;理想蓄积 normal stocking理想蓄积 ideal growing stock;ideal standing volume地方收获表 local yield table材积收获 volumetric yield法正龄级分布 normal (ideal) age classdistribution法正蓄积 normal growing stock法正林;理想林;正规林 normal forest法正林模式;理想林模式 normal forest model;ideal forest model现实林 actual forest (trans.)材种别收获表;利用材积收获表 assortment yield table材种别收获表 assortment table法正计算上之裸地;理论上之无立木地;理论上之未立木地 theoretical clearfell area林况 forest condition目标蓄积 target growing stock目标林 target forest(trans.)生长表 increment table间伐(疏伐)收获;中间收获 intermediate yield所有权型;财产归属 types of ownership土地利用型;土地利用分类 land-use classification地块;林分;土地区分 parcel;land parcel森林使用权 forest right;right of forest use;(forest privilege)森林企业;林业企业;森林事业体 forest enterprise森林所有权;森林地产 forest estate森林所有权分割;森林所有之分割 forest fragmentation;fragmentation of forest holdings非生产林;保护林 non-productive forest (trans.)保安林 protected forest (=d)游憩地;森林游憩林;森林游乐林 recreational forest小面积林丛;灌丛;萌生(芽)林;矮林 copse教学林;展示林;实验林;试验林demonstration forest;instruction forest;training forest;university forest未经营林;未施业林 unmanaged forest森林公园 forest park;park forest保安林 protection forest森林保护法案;保安林之划定 forest protection act森林功能;森林机能;森林利用 forest use;forest land use;forset function森林功能分类;森林机能分类 forest land use class森林带;树林带 forest belt;woodland belt森林步道 forest nature trail;forest walk限制林;限制使用林 limited use forest (trans. )保存林;预备林 forest reserve;reserved forest防风林带;保护林带 shelterbelt;windbreak经济林;生产林 commercial forest;production forest森林公益功能;森林公益机能;森林社会效益(利益) social benefits of forests林班 compartment;forest compartment林班界 compartment boundary林分 stand小班界;林分界 sub-compartment boundary;stand boundary防火带;防火线 fire break;fire line森林地域 forest area鉴界;境界补正;境界纠正 boundary correction;rectification of boundaries林地 forest land非生产地;非林地;除地 non-productive forest land林区管理处 forest district苗圃 nursery;tree nursery;forest nursery林区;森林区 forest range;range保护带;保护林(树)带;缓冲带 protection belt;protection strip;buffer strip调查单位;抽查单位 survey unit;inventory unit小班 sub-compartment准小班;造林地号;小班 stand绝对的森林土壤;限适森林的土壤 soil only suitable for forest (trans.)森林劣化,土壤劣化 forest degradation土壤的;土壤因素的 edaphic收获水准;生产水准 yield level方位;a坡向;斜面方向 aspect;direction of slope森林植物社会学 (forest ) plant sociology霜孔;易受霜害地 frost hollow倾斜角;坡度(降);梯度 gradient自然度 naturalness潜在自然森林社会/植群;潜在自然植生 potential natural forest community地貌;起伏度 relief立地调查;生育地调查;地况调查;土地测绘 site survey;site mapping;site apparaisal;site apparaisement立地描述,生育地描述;土地描述;地况记载site description;destription of site地位指数;土地指数;地位指标 site index立地因子,生育地因子 site factor立地型;生育地型;地位型 site type森林生物生态空间调查;森林小区测绘 forest biotope mapping森林土壤 forest soil森林区;森林地带 forest region森林社会;森林生态体系 forest community;forest association林型;森林型 forest type森林荒芜;森林破坏 forest destruction生长区;生长区域 growth region生长区域;生长范围;森林带 growth zone良木 cull;reject;cull wood尖削度;尖梢;梢杀 high taper林龄查定;林龄调查 age determination枝条材;枝材 branchwood枝条性 branchiness无节 knot-free尖削系数;尖削度;尖削指数 taper coefficient树木;乔木 tree树种 pecies;tree species树高 tree height树木形数 tree form factor树木材积 total tree volume树型级 tree class测树 mensuration林木材积式;干材积式 tree volume equation;volume equation;tariff number胸高 breast height (b.h.)可利用材;成材;可利及费材(材积) merchantable timber volume可利用材积形数;材积形数 timber form factor肥大生长;直径生长 diamemter growth尖削;直径递减 taper直径级;直径阶 diameter calss直径生长(量);肥大生长 diameter increment;diameter growth定期平均生长量 periodic average increment材积表 (uniform) tariff晋级生长 ingrowth精英树;菁英树;特优树 elite tree;champion tree剥皮 peeling;bark removal;debarking;barking去皮材积;收获实材积 cubic meter under bark (m3u. b.)收获损失 harvest loss;harvest waste连皮材积(fm);含皮材积;实积立方公尺cubic meter over bark(m3o.b.)形状高;树形高 form height;volume/basal area ratio;tree form height形状高生长;树形高生长 form height increment形率;形商;直径率 form quotient形数;形状系数 form factor (f)胸高断面积 basal area (b. a.)胸高断面积表;断面积表;圆面积表 table of basal areas;basal-area table;table of sectional areas树干解析 stem analysis树高生长 height growth年轮解析 analysis of annual rings;tree ring analysis年轮;生长轮 growth ring;annual ring轮尺 callipers;caliper直径测定 diamter measurement最小测量径级;测径界限;直径界限 minimum dbh (by inventory)树冠 crown树冠(林冠)结构;树冠构造 crown structrue树冠直径;冠径 crown width树冠级 crown class材积轮尺 volumetric callipers阔叶树 broadleaved tree;hardwood tree期间生长量;当年生长量 current increment连年生长量 current annual increment原木检尺;伐木检尺(测定) measurement of felled timber常设标志;测标 measurement mark测定位置 measurement location中央直径 mid-diameter中央周围;中央圆周 mid-girth母树 mother tree针叶树 conifer;softwood tree定期生长量 periodic increment精英树;优型树;选留树 plus tree;selected tree暴长木;暴露木 wolf tree层积立方公尺 cubic meter stacked自记轮尺;电子轮尺 recording cal(l)iper(s)皮材率;树皮率 bark deduction;bark allowance;bark factor树皮厚度计;树皮计;树皮测定器 bark gauge原木 log树干;干材;主干 stem;trunk;bole树干形质 stem quality树干级;树型级 stem quality class树干形数 stem form factor形状比 height-dbh ratio区分求积 volune measurement by sections原木分等;材种分等 log grading;grading of logs;grading of stems树干;主干 stem树干长 stem length;timber length萌芽;萌条;萌糱 coppice shoot;stool shoot;sucker;sprout简化材积表 tariff保留木;保存木;保残木 reserving of standards胸高圆周长;胸高周围长 girth breast height (gbh)连皮圆周长;连皮周围长 girth over bark去皮圆周长;无皮周围长 girth under bark周围生长量;圆周生长量 girth increment可利用最小直径;最小利用直径 diameter limit活力;生长力 vitality每木调查 complete enumeration材积 timber volume材积收获 volume yield;volume production材积表 volume table;log rule材积生长(量) volume increment生长参数;测定要素 growth parameters;increment parameters生长率;成长率;生长速率 growth percent;increment percent价值成长 value increment树梢;梢 top生长活力;生长潜力 vigour生长形;生长型;生育型 growth form末端直径;末口直径;末径 top (end) diameter;small end diameter主林木;主伐木;收获树 final crop tree;future tree;crop tree容许误差 allowance增长量;生长(量);增量 increment生长锥 increment borer增长系数;生长率;生长系数 increment coefficient受压木;中庸木 intermediate tree株距;株距值 tree spacing平均年生长量;龄级平均增长量 mean annual increment树高生长曲线 height curve;height development curve;height age curve人工新造林地;次生幼龄林 establishment算术平均树高 arithmetic mean height算术平均直径 arithmetic mean diameter人工幼龄林;人造幼龄林 pre-thicket母树林;选留木林分;特优母树林elite stand;selected stand;selected crop树种混淆;混淆 species mixture;mixture杆材木;老龄林 pole size timber树层;乔木层 tree layer立木株数;株数;立木数 number of stems建造期;成林期间 establishment period树冠被覆;林冠披覆 cover;crown cover;canopy cover林分密度 stand density林分发育;林分生育期(阶段) stand development;development of a stand林分形数 stand form factor林分胸高断面积;林分胸高断面积合计 stand basal area林内孔隙;林隙;林分未遮蔽率 clearing林分剖面;林分断面图 stand profile;cross-section of a stand林分结构;林分构造 stand structure;constitution of a stand;structure of a stand蓄积结构;蓄积构造 growing stock structure立木度;林分密度指数 stand density index地位级;立地位级 site class可利用材积生长量;利用材积生长量 merchantable timber increment郁闭期;丛林;壮龄林 thicket断面积平均木直径 quadratic mean diameter;diameter of mean basal area tree断面积中央木直径;中央断面积直径 median dbh40%百分位胸径;40%规则的平均胸径 mean dbh according to the 40% rule直径分布 diameter distribution平均总生长量;总平均生长量 mean gross increment标准树高曲线 standard height curve单层林 single-storied stand冰霜害 ice damage主伐林分;主伐木;主伐收获 final crop暂植木;补植木 filler总收获材积 total volume;total yield郁闭林分;最大蓄积林分 fully stocked stand同龄林;同龄林分 even-aged stand均质林分;一齐林;均匀林分;同形林;同质林 uniform stand树群;群 group;group of trees伐期平均生长量 final mean annual increment;average yield class主要树种 main tree species主林分;主林木;主伐木 main crop;principal crop;main stand;principal stand优势木 dominant crop次要树种;副树种;补助的混交树种;经济价值少的树种 nurse species;auxiliary species;accessory species断面积平均木树高 height of mean basal area tree;mean height断面积中央木树高 median height40%百分位树高;40%规则的树高 height according to the 40% rule树高曲线 height curve;diameter-height curve林分水平结构;林分水平构造 horizontal stand structure团;灌木;树丛 see group未成熟材;未熟材 juvenile wood幼龄生长;幼龄林;丛状林 thicket每木调查表;调查表;检尺簿;野帐;明细表 tally sheet;measurement list胸高断面积平均木;断面积平均木 mean basal area tree冠层;林冠;树冠 canopy树冠竞争;树冠竞合 crown competition树冠层;林冠层 crown layer树冠郁闭度;林冠密度 crown closure;crown cover灌丛;树形不良林分;矮林;灌木林 scrub (stand)连年总平均年生长量;连年生长量 total mean increment复层林 multi-storied stand混合(交)树种 associated species林分平均胸高直径;林木平均直径 mean diameter;average diameter林分平均树高 average height;stand height平均树高 Loreys mean height中央木;平均木 mean tree天然修枝;天然落枝;自行修枝 natural pruning;self pruning次要树种;副树种;从属种 secondary species;subordinates pecies附属林分 secondary crop上层树高;上木高度 top height;height of dominant trees强势木生产力 ;生产力指数;地位指数 productivity index上层 overstor(e)y;uppermost layer;upper stor(e)y上层木 overwood;upper crop先驱树种 pioneer species;pioneer形质生长(量) quality increment;increase in quality成熟林 mature stand纯林 pure stand;pure crop采运损伤;出材损伤 extraction damage采种林;母树林 seed stand;parent stand损害;疵伤;损伤 defect;damage树(林)冠疏密度 canopy density雪害 snow damage株距;干距 tree spacing;spacing(between trees);espacement立木位置图;直径分布;胸径分布;树干分布;林木分布 dbh distribution立地稳定性;立地强度 stability of stand中龄林;杆材;小径木(林) pole stage;pole crop风害 wind damage;storm damage枯死木 dead trees小群 see group过熟林分;老龄过熟林分(木) overmature stand异龄林 uneven-aged stand不规则林;不整齐林 irregular stand下层林;下层植生;下木 understor(e)y;underwood;undergrowth留存木;主林木 main crop after thinning;residual stand试验地;试验区;试区 experimental site;experimental area林分垂直结构;林分垂直构造 vertical stand structure主要树种 main species;principal species立木蓄积;林木蓄积 growing stock生长函数 growth function指标林分 index stand;indicator stand;control stand兽害;鹿伤害;动物危害 tree damage caused by forest fauna (trans.)林分成长龄级;林分成长级数;自然的龄级 stand development class生长空间;生育空间 growing sapce中央木平均生长;增长量中央木;平均生长木 mean growth tree生长率;增长百分比;成长率 increment percent;growth percent二层林;二段林 two-storied取样率 sampling intensity;sampling fraction;sampling rate必要样本数;最少样本数 required sample size调查;定期抽样调查 inventory遥测;遥感探测 remote sensing定期调查;追踪调查 periodic inventory集团取样法 cluster sampling分层取样;分层取出之样本 stratified sample概估;粗略估计 rough estimate;raw estimate断面积调整;断面积规整 basal area regulation测高器 height meter测树学 mensuration;dendrometry森林调查;森林清查 inventory;forest inventory;forest survey森林调查设计 inventory design森林调查方法;森林清查方法 inventory method水平样线法(直线样品) line-plot survey;line-plot;strip survey列表样品;3P样品;列表取样 list sampling航空照片判释 aerial photo interpretation空中摄影测量 aerial photo (graphic) survey;aerial photo(graphic)inventory;aerial survey空中三角测量 aerial photo triangulation材积调查;蓄积推定 volume determination;(standing)timber determination;growing stock determination数理统计学的样本分析 statistical analysis of inventory data目视估计立木材积volume estimation by sight;ocular volume estimation正射投影图(照片);正射图 orthophoto (graph)定期调查;多相取样法 multiphase sampling永久样区;连续森林调查法 continuous forest inventory with permanent samples样区;标准地 sample plot样区调查法 inventory by sample plots机率比例取样法 proportional sampling;probability proportional to size(pps)林分断面积调查仪;林分面积调查仪 (relascope) relascope;relascop测高法;形数测高法 Presslers method of height determination林分株数调查 enumeration;tally样本 sample圆形样区法 sampling using a range of fixed radius plots固定面积样区法;样本地法 fixed area sampling变动面积样 区法;变动样区法;可变半径样区法 sampling using variable radius plots取样;抽样 sampling取样单元;抽样单位;取样单位 sampling unit取样误差;样本误差 sampling error取样法;取样调查法 sampling methods取样数 sample number; sample size;size of a sample样本分布 sampling unit distribution分层;层次 stratification层;层聚 stratum / strata系统取样;系统抽样法 systematic sampling系统误差 systematic error林分特性估测 stand estimation;estimation of stand characteristics估测法 appraisal method连续森林调查的临时样本;连续的森林调查;变换样本的暂时样本 continuous forest inventory with changing samples (trans.)材积计算 volume calculation;volume measurement先驱调查;预备调查 pilot survey;pilot inventory蓄积调查 inventory of growing stock永久样区森林调查;连续森林调查 continuous forest inventory生长量研究(试验);生长量调查 increment study经营记帐单位;经营计画单位;记帐单位 management planning unit伐采量;伐采收获 felling volume;felling yield生产材明细表;生产材