高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity Grammar课件 新人教版选修8.ppt

revisenounclauses unit1grammar objective torevisethenounclausesandusethemproperly 语法讲解建议采用归纳法 如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句 或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句 引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律 nowiknowthattheproperwayisalwaysherway 必修1 2 that swhythey recalledthewinterolympics 必修2 3 whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown waterbegantoappearonitssurface 必修3 4 thethoughtthattheycouldcrossthewholecontinentwasexciting 必修3 lookatthefollowingsentences 5 mayiaskwhatyouweredoinginmyrestauranttheotherday 必修3 6 ididn tknowwhethericouldsurviveuntilmorning 必修3 7 forexample oneimportantthingshediscoveredwasthatchimpshuntandeatmeat 必修4 8 itisapitythattheindustrialcitiesbuiltinthenineteenthcenturydonotattractvisitors 必修5 exactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowascalifornia noonereallyknows 2 however itislikelythatnativeamericanswerelivingincaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago 3 scientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheberingstrait times sentencesfromthisunit 4 thespanishhadsettledinmostpartsofsouthamericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheunitedstates 5 thatiswhytodayover40 ofcaliforniansspeakspanishasafirstorsecondlanguage 6 itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreat manyracesandcultures guessinggame totestyoursenseofobservationtotestyourabilityofshort termmemorytotestyourabilitytohighlightthelanguagepoints guess nowiknow theproperwayisalwaysherway 2 that s they recalledthewinterolympics 3 isevenmoreimportantis astheearthcooleddown waterbegantoappearonitssurface 4 thethought theycouldcrossthewholecontinentwasexciting that why what that that 5 mayiask youweredoinginmyrestauranttheotherday 6 ididn tknow icouldsurviveuntilmorning 7 forexample oneimportantthingshediscoveredwas chimpshuntandeatmeat 8 itisapity theindustrialcitiesbuiltinthenineteenthcenturydonotattractvisitors whether that that what 9 exactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedin wenowknowascalifornia noonereallyknows 10 however itislikely nativeamericanswerelivingincaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago 11 scientistsbelieve thesesettlerscrossedtheberingstrait times what that that 12 thespanishhadsettledinmostpartsofsouthamericaandalongthenorthwestcoastof wenowcalltheunitedstates 13 thatis todayover40 ofcaliforniansspeakspanishasafirstorsecondlanguage 14 itisbelieved beforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreat manyracesandcultures what why that 1 itnowappears theyareinneedofhelp a thatb whichc whatd how2 itisgoodnews theywillarriveinafewdays a whichb whatc thatd how 3 thisis shewasborn a whereb whichc thatd what4 theproblemis wecan tgotheretoday a thatb whatc whichd when 5 thequestionis itisworthdoing a ifb whetherc whichd what6 idon tknow hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears a whetherbwherec whatd when 7 weallknowthetruth theearthgoesroundthesun a thatb whichc whatd whether8 weheardthenews theirteamhadwon a whichb thatc whatd where whatthedriveroftheyellowcardidmademeextremelyangry whyshedidthisisstillunknown subjectclauses objectclauses it shardtoforgetwhatwehavelearnedinhisclasses pleasedon ttellmymotherwheni llgivehermygift whattypesofnounclausesarethey thefactthathetellsliesallthetimemakesussurprised iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon that swhyican tfollowyou theproblemisthatit sveryhardtocatchyourwords predicativeclauses appositiveclauses 以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解 下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点 从句的语用功能 英语复合句一般有三大类 名词性 主语 宾语 表语和同位语 从句 形容词性 定语 从句 副词性 状语 从句 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句 正确 快速理解英语的复杂句子是提高英语阅读和写作能力的一个重要方面 学会正确把握句子结构 熟练使用主从复合句 能更准确的理解句子所传递的信息 提高阅读理解能力 能写出更简明 流畅的文段 更贴切 优美的语句 提高写作水平 functionasanouninasentence nounclauses 主语从句subjectclause 名词性从句nounclause 宾语从句objectclause 表语从句predicativeclause 同位语从句appositiveclause 引导名词性从句的连接词 可分为三类 1 连词 that whether if不充当从句的任何成分 2 连接代词 what whatever who whoever whom whose which不仅起到连接一个句子的作用 同时也是从句的一个组成部分 3 连接副词 when where how why 在一个句子中由一个句子充当的主语 这个句子叫做主语从句 howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor thatheisthebeststudentintheclassisobvious 主语从句subjectclause whether与if均为 是否 下列情况下只用whether 1 引导主语从句并在句首whetherhewillcomeisnotclear 2 引导表语从句thequestioniswhetherhe llcome 3 从句作介词宾语i mnotsureaboutwhetherwe llwin 4 从句后有 ornot whetheryoulikeitornot you llhavetodoit 主谓一致问题 主语是名词性从句 动词通常用单数 whatiammostinterestedinisamericanmovies 我最感兴趣的是美国电影 whatyousaidyesterdayisright 你昨天说的是对的 用it作形式主语 that引导的从句是句子的真正主语 有以下四种不同的结构 it be 形容词 that 从句itisnecessarythat 有必要 itisimportantthat 重要的是 itisobviousthat 很明显 主语从句常用it作形式主语放句首 b it be ed分词 that 从句itisbelievedthat 人们相信 itisknowntoallthat 众所周知 ithasbeendecidedthat 已决定 c it be 名词 that 从句itiscommonknowledgethat 是常识itisasurprisethat 令人惊奇的是 itisafactthat 事实是 d it 不及物动词 that 分句itappearsthat 似乎 ithappensthat 碰巧 itoccurredtomethat 我突然想起 在一个句子中由一个句子充当的表语 这个句子叫做表语从句 thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently mysuggestionisthatweshouldturnthelandintoricefields 表语从句predicativeclause 2 在that引导的表语从句中 that不能用which来替换 1 表语从句可以用that why where when how whether what who which等词引导 表语从句需要注意的问题 3 如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示 建议 或者是 命令 之类的词如advice suggestion proposal order plan idea等 那么从句中的动词通常用 should 动词原形 1 mysuggestionisthatweall take anactivepartinthecomingsportsmeet 2 hisproposalwasthatthework finish infivehours should befinished should take 在一个句子中由一个句子充当的宾语 这个句子叫做宾语从句 iworryaboutwhetherhecangetovertheillness johnsaidthathewasleavingforlondononwednesday 宾语从句objectclause 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句 通常放在主句谓语动词 及物动词 或介词之后 1 作动词的宾语shedidnotknowwhathadhappened 动词 间接宾语 宾语从句shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation 2 作介词的宾语 that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语 anxious certain convinced determined glad proud surprised worried sorry ashamed disappointed annoyed pleased satisfied content等 3 作形容词的宾语 oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother iamafraid that i vemadeamistake it不仅可以作为形式主语 还可以作为形式宾语 而真正的宾语则放在句尾 特别是在带复合宾语的句子中 4 it可以作为形式宾语 下列动词后常引导宾语从句make think consider feel find等 shehasmadeitclearthatshewillgetmarriednextmonth 通常来说明前面的名词的具体内容 这样的句子叫做同位语从句 同位语从句一般在下列词的后面 fact news idea hope wish promise truth reason suggestion thought question doubt conclusion belief order words possibility等 同位语从句appositiveclause 1 同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系 即说明它前面名词的内容 而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系 即限定它前面的名词范围 或补充一些情况 thenewsthatihavepassedtheexamistrue thenewsthathetoldmejustnowistrue 同位语从句 即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容 定语从句 从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用 即 他刚告诉我的 那个消息 而不是别的消息 2 引导同位语从句的that是连词 在从句中不充当任何成份 而引导定语从句的that是关系代词 除起连接作用外 还在从句中充当主语 宾语或表语等 theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople theideathathegavesurprisesmanypeople that在从句中不充当任何成份 that在从句中作gave的宾语 that 引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别 review 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组 它在复合句中能担任主语 宾语 表语 同位语等 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能 名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 individualactivity 注 另附word文档 点击此处链接 1 manyyoungpeopleinthewestareexpectedtoleave couldbelife smostimportantdecision marriage almostentirelyuptoluck 2009江苏 a asb thatc whichd what i choosethebestanswer 2 thereisclearevidence themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain 2011上海 a whatb ifc howd that3 i mafraidhe smoreofatalkerthanadoer whichis heneverfinishesanything 2011山东 a thatb whenc whered why 4 hiswritingissoconfusingthatit sdifficulttomakeout itisheistryingtoexpress 2011安徽 a thatb howc whod what5 jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelt hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently 2012北京 a whyb howc thatd whether 6 thelimitsofaperson sintelligence generallyspeaking arefixedatbirth but hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment 2012安徽 a whereb whetherc thatd why7 thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon themeetingwouldbepostponed 2012江苏 a whenb thatc whetherd how 8 itsuddenlyoccurredtohim hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice 2012江西 a whetherb wherec whichd that9 asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided andyouarefreetochoose suitsyoubest 2012陕西 awhateverb whicheverc wheneverd wherever 10 iwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectihaveformyparents 2013天津 a thatb whichc whetherd what ii tellthefunctionofthefollowingsentences a subject主语b object宾语c predicative表语d appositive同位语 1 theideathatenglandstandsforfish chips speakers corner bigbenandthetoweroflondonispast 2 thefactthatgreatbritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomany appositive appositive 3 theresultofsomuchfrenchinfluencewasthattheenglishlanguageendedupwithmanyfrenchwordssuchastable animalandage 4 thatmostofthesearenowthreatenedandmaydisappearisaseriousmattertothepeopleinbritain 5 theyrealizethatitisofgreatvaluetorecordandteachthemtotheyoungergeneration predicative subject object 1 你们可以放心我们绝不会灰心 2 我听说他们赢了两枚金牌 3 我肯