河北省新乐市第一中学高中英语 Unit3 ComputersGrammar课件 新人教版必修2.ppt

thepresentperfectpassivevoice 1 现在完成时 have has 过去分词 现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去 但它强调的是与现在的关系 用来说明现在的情况 现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用 如 yesterday twoweeksago in1978 whenigotthere等 现在完成时常与already always often ever never yet not yet just等不表示明确 1 两种时态 的时间副词连用 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since for的状语及包括现在在内的词连用 如 now today thismonth thisyear recently thesefewdays等 不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词 如 be have like love know believe hate等 一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况 与现在毫无关系 2 现在完成进行时 have has been 现在分词 1 一般现在时的被动语态 am is are 过去分词 如 theworkisdoneduringtwodays 2 一般过去时的被动语态 was were 过去分词 2 七种被动语态形式 如 hewassenttothehospitalimmediatelyaftertheaccident 3 一般将来时的被动语态 will shall be 过去分词或 begoingto be 过去分词 如 theworkwillbefinishedsoon 4 现在进行时的被动语态 is am are being 过去分词 如 thebridgeisnowbeingconstructed 5 现在完成时的被动语态 have has been 过去分词 如 theradiohasbeenrepairedwhenwephonedtheshop 6 带情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 be 过去分词 如 thiscanbedoneinafewminutes 7 动词不定式的被动式 tobe 过去分词 如 itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere 现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响 其构成是 have hasbeen done 例如 1 thedirtyclotheshavebeenwashed 脏衣服都已经洗了 2 theplanhasbeenstudiedbytheexpertsforthreetimes 这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了 现在完成时的被动语态 3 thechildhasbeentakencareofbygrandmawangalltheseyears 这些年来 这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料 现在完成时被动态 have has been 动词过去分词现在完成进行时 have has been 动词现在分词 它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上 被动态接的是过去分词形式 现在完成进行时接的是现在分词形式 1 主语是行为动作的承受者 如 thetempleofzhangfeihasbeenrebuilt 张飞庙已经过重建 2 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果 如 thedoorhasbeenlocked 门已经被锁上了 3 动作或状态始于过去 持续到现在 并可能持续下去 如 hehasbeentoldaboutitformanytimes 有人告诉他这事很多次了 可能还会有人告诉他 我或别人现在进不去 4 用在时间和条件状语从句中 表示将来某时已完成的动作 如 we llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished 工作一完成我们就立即动身 注意 1 副词的位置often usually always never hardly seldom等副词置于have has和been中间 如 误 suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved 正 suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved 2 并不是所有动词都有被动语态1 happen takeplace breakout belongto cost last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态 如 误 greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinchinasince1978 正 greatchangeshavetakenplaceinchinasince1978 2 open break drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态 如 误 thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself 正 thedoorhasopenedofitself 3 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词 如 thesarspatientshavebeentakengoodcareof 4 一些特殊动词 如borrow finish begin buy start return marry open join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用 若要表达相应的意思 则需改换动词或时态 如 mybrotherhashad 不能用hasbought thisbikeforalmostfouryears howlonghasthisbookbeenbought howlongagowasthisbookbought 1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 如 somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了 不知道电脑是谁偷的 thisbookwaspublishedin1981 这本书出版于1981年 被动语态的用法 2 强调动作的承受者 而不强调动作的执行者 如 thewindowwasbrokenbymike 窗户是迈克打破的 thisbookwaswrittenbyhim 这本书是他写的 1 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 2 把谓语变成被动结构 be 过去分词 根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数 以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式 主动语态变被动语态的方法 3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语 将主格改为宾格 例如 allthepeoplelaughedathim hewaslaughedatbyallpeople theymakethebikesinthefactory thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory 歌诀是 宾变主 主变宾 by短语后面跟 谓语动词变被动 be后 过分 来使用 4 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语 另一个保留不动 主动 ihavegivenhimthekey 被动 hehasbeengiventhekey 被动 thekeyhasbeengiven to him 5 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时 只能将宾语变为主语 原来的宾补保留不动 改称主语补足语 主动 ihaveaskedhertohelpyou 被动 shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou exercises 1 bothmybrotherworkatthepowerstationthat inmyhometown a hassetupb hasbeensetupc wassetupd issetup 2 thesportsmeetwillbeputoff a i vebeentoldb i vetoldc i mtoldd itold 3 allthepreparationforthetask andwe rereadytostart a completedb completec hadbeencompletedd havebeendone 4 howlong atthisjob since1990 a wereyouemployedb haveyoubeenemployedc hadyoubeenemployedd willyoubeemployed 5 whenandwheretogofortheon salaryholiday yet a arenotdecidedb havenotbeendecidedc isnotbeingdecidedd hasnotbeendecided 6 betty injuredsincelastsaturday a hasbeenb wasc isd has 7 thatbook intoatleast20foreignlanguages a hassaidtobetranslated b hasbeensaidtohavetranslated c issaidthatithadbeentranslated d issaidtohavebeentranslated 注 该句的句型是 itissaidthat people they saidthat thatbookissaidto 根据句意是已经被译成了20多种文字所以要用现在完成时的被动语态 8 hi tom youlooktired ofcourse i thelivingroomallday a hadpaintedb painted c havebeenpaintedd havebeenpainting 9 didyoumoveintothenewhouse no therooms yet a werebeingpaintedb arepaintingc havenotpaintedd havenotbeenpainted 10 greatchanges inmyhometownandalotoffactories a havebeentakenplace arebeingsetupb havetakenplace havebeensetupc aretakenplace hadbeensetupd tookplace willsetup 11 it ssaidthatthisbook intochinese a hadtranslatedb hastranslatedc wastranslatedd hasbeentranslated 12 youcan tmovein thehouse a ispaintingb isbeingpaintedc haspaintedd hasbeenpainted 13 millionsofpounds worthofdamage byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofenglandlastnight 2005重庆 a hasbeencausedb hadbeencausedc willbecausedd willhavebeencause 14 haveyouever totheexhibitionwhich forthreeweeks a gone hasbeenshownb visited shownc been hasbeenonshowd went lasted 15 howlongago theseeggs perhaps15days a will hatchb did hatchc were hatchedd have beenhatched 改错 1 apersonalcomputerhasboughtbyus apersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus 2 manyproblemshasbeenfoundwithournewcomputer manyproblemshavebeenfoundwithournewcomputer 3 apchasbeenbuildedthewaywewanted apchasbeenbuiltthewaywewanted 4 ourcomputerjusthasbeenjoinedtotheinternet ourcomputerhasjustbeenjoinedtotheinternet 5 thecomputerwasusedeverydaysinceweboughtit thecomputerhasbeenusedeverydaysinceweboughtit 6 alotofe mailshadwrittenonthecomputerinthepast5years alotofe mailshavebeenwrittenonthecomputerinthepast5years 用被动语态改写下列句子 theyhavefinishedtheconstructionofthenewrailwaylinesbynow 2 wehavebuiltanewlibraryandagymnasiuminourschoolthisyear theconstructionofthenewrailwaylineshasbeenfinishedbythembynow 2 anewlibraryandagymnasiumhavebeenbuiltinourschoolthisyearbyus 3 thecarfactoryhasproducedagreatmanyfinecarssincethetechnologicalrevolution agre