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编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目： 钻机履带底盘底架设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号： 0923053学生姓名： 陈 婵 指导教师：屠德刚（职称：高级工程师 ） （职称： ）2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目： 钻机履带底盘底架设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业学 号： 0923053 学生姓名： 陈 婵 指导教师：屠德刚（职称：高级工程师 ） （职称： ）2012年11月14日 课题来源钻机履带底盘底架设计科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）锚固钻机面世后，在建筑、地质、铁路、公路和水利等各行业施工领域内广泛应用。如长江三峡工程、北京十三陵水库、龙滩电站、大朝山电站、小湾电站、成昆铁路、南昆铁路、达万线、株六复线、京珠高速公路、元墨高速、大保高速、襄十高速等。这些新设备和新机型的不断推出，为锚固工程施工提供了有力的设备保障。但以往的锚固钻机都没有行走功能，这对于在平地施工或有条件提供平地的施工场地而言是一大损失，增加了工人的劳动强度，移位对孔也及为不便，大大拖延了工期。而与此同时，过外的钻探机械，包括国内的一些品种的钻探机械都已经采用了轮式或履带式底盘，增加了钻机的移动功能，减轻了工人的劳动强度，提高了工作效率。而履带底盘技术发展到现在已经比较成熟；另为了工作量适合毕业设计，故重点负责钻机的履带底盘设计和底架设计。研究内容（1） 履带底盘设计要求 应有较大的驱动力，使钻机在湿软或高低不平等不良地面上行走时具有良好的通过性能、爬坡性能和转向性能； 在不增大行走装置高度的前提下使钻机具有较大的离地间隙，以提高其不平地面上的越野性能； 行走装置具有较大的支撑面积或较小的接地比压，以提高钻机稳定性； 在钻机斜坡下行时不发生下滑和超速溜坡现象，以提高钻机安全性； 行走装置的外形尺寸应符合道路运输的要求； 在钻机作业时需要用专门支腿支撑，以确保钻机稳定性和安全性。（2） 底架设计要求 有足够的强度，保证对桅杆组件的支撑。 有可以变角机构。角度范围-1090 有支撑机构。 有滑移机构，滑移行程600mm，滑移油缸支撑力6869N 有安装桅杆组件的结构。 有与底盘连接的结构。 要充分考虑减小设计尺寸。 要求结构简单。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析钻机的设计要满足潜孔锤常规钻进、合金钻进、螺旋钻进三种钻探工艺的要求，在钻进方面要求有快速，慢速，可调速三种进给方式，在回转方面要求有多档变速功能，要求有行走移位功能，调节钻孔的方位角的功能，具有自动上卸钻杆的功能，不可拆部件不大于300Kg，可靠运行时间不低于3000h。此外还要考虑到拆卸方便结构简单的因素，还要符合厂里的生产要求和已经成熟的成组技术要求。研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2012年11月7日-2012年12月10日：按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，填写毕业设计开题报告书。2013年11月28日-2013年2月12日：填写毕业实习报告。2013年2月13日-2013年2月24日：翻译英文资料。2013年2月27日-2013年3月9日：履带底盘及底架方案论证跟确定。2013年3月12日-2013年3月30日：画履带底盘三维跟二维图。2013年4月2日-2013年4月13日：画底架三维及二维图。2013年4月16日-2013年4月20日：拆总体画零件图。2013年4月23日-2013年5月11日：设计说明书的编写、整理及打印。2013年4月1614日-2013年5月18日：最后检查论文及图纸准备答辩。预期成果：达到预期的实验结论：钻机通过履带行走装置行走稳定，环境适应能力强。作业时使用支腿制成增强了稳定性，底架用滑架、底座、变角油缸组件实现了变焦功能，也能实现推进架的滑移功能。特色或创新之处 采用了支腿和履带共同作用的方式，目前在许多工程机械中，都是采用轮式底盘和支腿共同作用的方式，而在这里考虑到钻机工作的特殊性，要钻孔100m，不能让孔有太大的弯曲，这就要求钻机本身有一个很稳定的工作平台。这样的设计满足了实际需求。但在下一步的改良设计中建议重新准确的算一下钻机各部件的重量，将履带底盘的机架改为人字梁结构，优化各部件布局，使得钻机结构更合理，美观，行动更灵巧。 底架结构大体是用了滑架、底座、变角油缸组件组合而成，特点是不仅仅实现变角功能，还实现了推进架的滑移功能。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题 已具备的条件：电脑；相关开发软件；部分技术资料。 尚需解决的问题：学习CAD确定产品的结构尺寸和技术要求。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日MDL-50A型锚固钻机使用说明书MDL-50A Drilling Rig OperationChina is the worlds first national machinery development. Chinese mechanical engineering technology not only has a long history and splendid achievements in Chinese is not only the material culture and social economic development plays an important role in the world, and has made great contribution to promote the progress of technology civilization . Machine in the traditional，our country within a long period are leading in the word. In modern times, especially from the early 18th century, to the 19century40s, due to the economic and social and many other reasons, the machinery industry of Chinese was stagnation, but the 100 years is western bourgeois political revolution and industrial revolution time, mechanical science and technology is developing rapidly, and far more than the level of China. So, China mechanical development level and the western gap widens, to the 19th century middle， our country already behind western more than one hundred years. Over the past 40 years, roof bolter of China are developing from nothing, in some places roof bolter were also called anchor rig, the varieties from the original single to variety, from single power to multiple power. Our country successively has developed a mechanical support leg type electric roof bolter, drill roof bolter, supporting leg and the guide rail type hydraulic pressure roof bolter, supporting leg type pneumatic roof bolter, non-mechanical transmission support leg electric roof bolter, airborne roof bolter and double-stage Air-leg drill etc. According to the main power source, roof bolter has two kinds - Pneumatic and hydraulic. But electro-hydraulic combination will be the trend of its development. Over the past 40 years, roof bolter of China are developing from nothing, in some places roof bolter were also called anchor rig, the varieties from the original single to variety, from single power to multiple power. Our country successively has developed a mechanical support leg type electric roof bolter, drill roof bolter, supporting leg and the guide rail type hydraulic pressure roof bolter, supporting leg type pneumatic roof bolter, non-mechanical transmission support leg electric roof bolter, airborne roof bolter and double-stage Air-leg drill etc. According to the main power source, roof bolter has two kinds - Pneumatic and hydraulic. Hydraulic roof bolter is mainly component of the medium of hydraulic oil and the drive actuator witch is including cylinder and motor. Pointing from the walking in the domestic the hydraulic roof bolter mainly has two kinds skid and crawler. Structure of skid hydraulic Roof bolter is simple, but the strength is higher, operation is simple, manufacturing cost is relatively low. Such as Wuxi dual-fan production of YG-80, Chengdu Hamma production of YXZ-70, Chongqing prospecting plant production of MGJ-50 etc Holing main technology is double eccentric, commonly used in drill pipe is73, 89, according to different design of jacket tube drill pipe commonly use108, 127, 146 etc specifications. They need to be equipped with proper air compressor to driven impact power, because the bottom of impact always role in the hole, so often be called as blow. Anti-floating anchor, excavation, soil nail wall support are widely used in workers of the construction process. But they are moving heavy, function single, and increased with the processing costs, much higher and higher buildings, this kind of type has been unable to meet the needs of the market. So anchor bolt drill and tracked automatically walking got quickly development. In the domestic there are many types of the crawler roof bolter, which features in the main power head adopts the high torque motor drive, speed range usually is variable speed. They are greatly improving the rig performance. The track is driven by a hydraulic motor, which made the drilling machine more flexibility and reduces the complex of the artificial joint. This type of drill also adopted the attack mode, such as the Oriental industrial production of DF-3000, Xuanhua Ingersoll-Rand production of CM-351. This type of drill same with the slide drill on the pulling sleeve also need be equipped with auxiliary equipment and other auxiliary equipment. In China there is a kind of double anchor rig power head roof bolter, characteristic of this kind of drill rig is drill pipe and casing are driven rotation by each power head, and do not influence each other, pull casing can be done automatically by the machine.Every rig all have they own operation manual. The follow is MDL-50A Drilling Rig operation manual. 1. PrefaceThe company has adopted its latest assembling technology for all main parts and components of this product. And the rig is completed with chassis for pretrial and pipe wrench and other accessories, which the re-designed fully new hydraulic system incorporates into one entity. Key elements are all renowned brands either local or imported, and are fully hydraulically controlled and displayed through instruments. The drilling rig is easy and flexible of operation and has high working efficiency and so well meets the requirements by the customer.MDL-50A Drilling Rig is a new type fully hydraulic long-stroke anchored drilling-rig for engineering purposes developed and manufactured by Jiangsu Wuxi Mineral Exploration Machinery General Factory Co. LTD (formerly Jiangsu Wuxi Mineral Exploration Machinery General Factory). MDL-50A Drilling Rig is a hydraulically controlled, anchored power head engineering drill. Its overall weight is under 4000kg, is mainly for the anchoring engineering of coast and dangerous rock/cliff mass for geological disaster prevention activity, and the anchoring engineering of rock body etc to control displacement of buildings, and also for supporting of deep-foundation pit and groundwork reinforcing engineering in urban construction site, for blowing up engineering or blowing up hole etc. But the Drilling Rig isnt suitable for anchoring engineering of high-edge slope or dangerous rock body. MDL-50A Drilling Rig possesses the characteristics of stable performance, high working efficiency, multiply usage, as well as the capability of drilling sophisticated stratum and handling accidents etc. This drilling rig, deployed by common alloy drill tools or other drill tools, can perform revolving-and-drilling. In the rigid rock stratum, the drilling rig deploys the spheroid drill bit to perform striking and revolving and drilling to have high-speed-bored hole; if deployed with air-compressor and pneumatic in-the-hole hammer, and accepted the cannula-followed drill tools, the drilling rig can drill the hole with cannula together in those unstable stratum such as conglomerate stratum.Following are the main features of the drilling rig:1） Compact in structure, fully hydraulically controlled, easy and flexible of operation and easy to move, good mobility, time- saving and energy-saving.2） Fitted with exclusive drilling follow-up devices (drill rod, thimble, and eccentric drill bit etc). When drilling in unstable stratum thimble can be used at collaring and the hole can be finished with conventional ball teeth bit to achieve good drilling efficiency and good quality holes.3） Optimized heat diffusion system in the light of customers plant conditions to ensure that the max temperature in the hydraulic system does not exceed 70 when outdoors temperature reaches 50.4） Power head of the drilling rig has big torque and long stroke with high drilling efficiency, which greatly enhances working efficiency. Fitted with devices for mechanically mounting/dismounting drilling rod to reduce the operators labor intensity.2. Technical SpecificationMain drilling mode of this product is: conventional drilling, alloy bit drilling, and spiral drilling1) Hole dia.（mm）：85-1602) Hole depth（m）：40-604) Boring angle（）： -15-905) Rated speed（r/min）：12、25、45、60、90、1256) Rated lift capacity（kN）：42.5kN7) Rated pull down capacity（kN）：25kN8) Feed stroke（mm）：18009) Dynamic：Motor，18.5kw+11kw+1.5kw10) Weight（kg）：400011) Shape (LWH，mm) ：42002000720012) Plumb condition：38001800360013) Transport state：3800180020003. Structure of the Drilling RigMDL-50A drilling rig comprises of the following main components:（1）The power assemblyThe power module is made up of three electric motors which respectively drive three sets of pumps. Among them, one group is a double gear pump. The big one is responsible for drilling quickly of the drill; and the small one is responsible for the movement and the support of one side of crutch as well as the medium-speed, low-speed drilling. One set of pump is responsible for the movement and the support of another side of crutch and the medium-speed drilling as well as the quickly lift of the power head. The last set of pump is responsible for the rise of the tower. When you start operating the drill, you should notice the rotated direction of three electric motors, its turning should be identical with the red arrow on the pump or the back shell of the motors, or the drill cant work normally.（2）The power head assemblyPower head of MDL-50A type drilling rig is driven by Double hydraulic motor through gear box transmission and speed regulating, and it drives the main shaft and fore end drilling rod connection to turn in positive/reverse directions, thereby driving the drilling bits below.In the power head box is stored gear oil. When in operation be sure to check the oil level from time to time to see there is sufficient oil. On the side of the box is fitted an oil level threaded plug. Just by raising the mast to vertical position and loosening the oil level screw you can check the oil level.The up/down motion of the power head is effected by the roller assembly beneath it, which is driven by the chains. After the drilling rig has worked for a period of time there will be a certain amount of rocking motion because the roller assembly will have worn. Now is the time to loosen the locking nut and turn the fixing screw of the roller assembly to adjust the sliding clearance between the bottom and the side, then re-tighten the nut. Only be sure you do not tighten the wear- resistant plate excessively.（3）The propelling rack assemblyThis assembly is part of the orifice-supporting device, power head assembly and pressurizing elevation assembly.（4）The pretrial chassisWith the pretrial fitted on it is possible to effect the drilling rigs forward/ backward movement and turning and leveling through controlling the proportional pump. and that is why the drilling rig can move easily, has good mobility and is time- saving and energy- saving.（5）The hydraulic systemWorking oil pumps, valves, execution elements and pipe- fittings of the hydraulic system of MDL-50 drilling rig are mostly imported fine quality parts, ensuring a good working performance.（6）The electrical systemAs the drilling rig is not equipped with power generator an external three-phase AC power supply has to be connected to the control cabinet. The motor is started in the planetary triangle mode for the sake of reducing starting current. Total input power of the electrical cabinet is 45 kW. The cabinet is fitted with leakage protection switch as safety device, which also serves as excessive voltage protection for the hydraulic system and for various kinds of warning signals for user to be aware of the rigs instant status. Before starting be sure to check the cabinets earth connection to see it is securely done. Unqualified personnel are not allowed to do any checkup or maintenance, failing that the person will have to bear the consequences.4. OperationPoints for attention in the preparation before starting the rig1.1 The drill should be installed on the flat ground.1.2 Be sure to tighten all the connections. In case of any loosening be sure to tighten up and make proper adjustments.1.3 Checking each part if it get stuck or not, checking each shield and oil pipe whether it is installed correctly.1.4 Checking whether the joy stick is on the close position, make sure it is not on working to prevent any accident.1.5 Checking whether each connection of vitta is fast, if it is loose, adjusting it.1.6 Checking the oil if it is enough to achieve the settled level, and making sure that inlet valve and outlet valve is on.1.7 Clean up the surfaces of all parts and components of the rig. Apply lubricants (oil/grease) to all lubrication nozzles and sliding parts. 1.8 While using the electromotor, paying attention to its turning, its turning should be identical with the escutcheon, and reversion is forbidden.1.9 Make sure that there is enough oil in the oil box. There is a liquid temperature meter and liquid position meter on the side of oil box. The choice of liquid presses oil: When environment temperature is-10 40 , you can use L- HM 46(GB 11118.1- 1994) or YB-N 46(GB2512-81); When environment temperature is 40 -10, you can change it to use L-HV 46( GB11118.1-1994) or the other low temperature liquid press the oil. If drill lasts working several days, oil box should be cleaned every month and remove from impurity. The filter in the absorb mouth of the oil pump should be replaced and cleaned each half month.1.10 Checking whether the oil of the drill is leak or not. And before it is clear, dont drive drill. 1.11 In the cold condition, pump should be open and close by spells for some times. In the heat condition, there should be a shield on top of oil box. (You should settle it by yourself.)1.12 If drill doesnt work for a long time, oil pump should work without loading for 10 minutes after driving drill. In the moment, the handle is on the middle position, then checking whether the handle is identical to the escutcheon.1.13 It is forbidden that two joysticks are opposite when power head is rotating after the drill drove.1.14 Erect the propelling rack assembly. Then fix the longer supporting rod of the supporting assembly together with the supporting base of the propelling rack.1.15 Try start the drill and checking if the fast add press is in gear. Since the parameter in the escutcheon is confirmed by hydraulic press element in normal condition and also the efficiency of the system is unsure. So the error between the real and the grade parameter in 15% is in gear when the drill is in trial run.1.16 The drilling Rig can on working after the above movement is in gear.Points for attention when operating the drilling rig2.1 Before leaving factory the drilling rig has had its hydraulic system pressure adjusted. So do not change it without approval of the manufacturer. For the sake of safety and prevention of accidents be sure to use your greatest discretion when using excessive system pressure. 2.2 After the propelling rack is erected the ideal thing to do is to remove the rig erecting operation handle in order to prevent mistaken operation.2.3 Before starting drilling, check the cylinders of the rigs supporting legs to see they are properly supported.2.4 While drilling is going on it is not allowed to pull the handle of the supporting legs oil cylinders in order to prevent any accidental change to the angle of drilling.2.5 When power head is close to either extreme position near the end it is not allowed to have any quick motion. Any great impact is to be avoided.2.6 The drilling rig is fitted with protection against overload pressure and with overload warning. When hydraulic system is overloaded the rig will automatically cut off power to motor and issue warning. Now you will have to find out the cause of overload and remove it before starting the drilling rig again.Warning：1）The power head function of quick feed-in and elevation can only be used when operating and coordinating have become really skilled; otherwise accident may happen.2）When operating simultaneously the power head feed-in and elevation handles, there must not be simultaneous working in opposite directions, which may cause damage to the system5. Normal Failure & Its Shooting Method1）Normal faults and remedies of the hydraulic pumpPhenomenonAnalysisRemedyNo oil, The oil measure is Insufficient, the pressure is not enough1. The electromotor turnaround worry1. Check the electromotor turnaround2. Suction pipe or filter blocked2. Dredge pipe, clean filter, replace oil3. Too large clearance between shafts or radials3. Check and replace relevant parts4.Leakage in joints, air interfused4. Screw down bolts on joints，remove the leakage, prevent air into5. High viscosity of the hydraulic oil or too high oil temperature of hydraulic oil5. Select the correct hydraulic oil，and control oil temperatureThe noise is serious, the pressure wave is severe1. Suction pipe or filter blocked, or too small with filter contentClean filter for the suction pipe smooth， select the correct filter2. The seal of suction pipe blow by or there is air bubble in the oilAdd oil in the conjunction part or seal place, if the noise let up, can screw down conjunction part or replace to seal ring; Return pipe nozzle should be below the oil, and have the certain distance with suction pipe.3. Pump and the joint cardo is not concentricAdjust concentric4. Insufficient oilAdd oil5. High viscosity of the hydraulic oil or low oil temperature of hydraulic oilHeat oil to the appropriate temperature6. Pump bearings mangleCheck the temperature of pump bearings(Use hands to feel that)2）Normal faults and remedies of hydraulic cylindersPhenomenonAnalysisRemedyCrawlAir incursion1. Increase vent-pipes; If there is no exhaust, can run the hydraulic system with the longest journey to make the work parts fast run, force releasing air.The seal ring of hydraulic cylinders end cover press too tight or too loose.2. Adjust the seal ring, make it not loose and not tight, and the piston pole can be ensured to placidly draw it by hand but no leakage( Mostly admit to leak tiny oil)The piston pole and the piston have not concentric3. Correct concentricity between the piston pole and the pistonThe span or part of piston pole bend4. Alignment the piston poleThe installation position of hydraulic cylinders move5. Check and correct the parallel between the hydraulic cylinder and the lead rail The linearity of the hydraulic cylinder inner hole is bad( The drum taper etc.)6. Renovate the hydraulic cylinder with milling and boring, and match piston again.7. Canker the cylinder ,or wear away the cylinder wall7. It removes rust and burr that it is slight, it must bore and mill that it is serious.8. Both sides screw caps of double piston poles are tweaked too tight, and make its concentricity be bad8. The screw caps should not be tweaked too tight, can tweak them with hand generally, then keep the piston to be placed in nature.ImpingementToo large clearance between pistons and hydraulic cylinders that used clearance seal, the throttle lose the effect of throttle.The clearance between pistons and hydraulic cylinders should be matched with the provision, and reduce the leakage phenomenon.The cushion check valve of the end is failure, and can not react the cushion.Revise and match the check valve with the valve holderhe thrust lack or the work speed gradually descend even to stopToo large the coordination clearance between the hydraulic cylinder and the piston or O seal ring damage, and result the high and low-pressure cavity to connect with each other1. Match the clearance between the piston and the hydraulic cylinder or replace the O seal ringBecause a certain section of the work journey was used usually on the working hours, and result in the linearity of the hydraulic cylinder hole bad( Have the drum form part), to make the high and low-pressure oil of the hydraulic cylinder connect each other.2. Mill and bore the hydraulic cylinder hole, and match piston again.The oil seal of the cylinder end press too tight or piston pole bend, make the friction or resistance increase.3. Relax the oil seal, and align the piston pole to unleak oil.Leak too mach 4. Look for the leakage part, and fix each junction surface5. The oil temperature is too high, and the viscosity of oil reduce, the stroke speed of the hydraulic cylinder that the clearance airproof with the seal or the seal quality is bad become slow. If the high and low-pressure oil cavity of the hydraulic cylinder sides connect with each other, the circulate speed gradually descend even to stop.5. The fever reason should be analysed, and try to heat of emission and reduce the temperature, if the seal clearance is too big, then match the piston or increase the seal ring.3）Analysis faults and remedies of the overflow valvePhenomenonAnalysisRemedyPressure motion1. The spring is bended or too soft1. Replace the spring2. Bad contact between the cone valve and the valve holder2. If the cone valve is new ,namely unload the adjustment screw caps to push the leader several times, make its contact good; Or replace the cone valve3. Steel balls and the valve holder matchbadly3. Check the roundness of steel balls, replace steel balls, and abrade polish the valve holder4. The slide valve transforms or wears away4. Replace or abrade polish the slide valve5. The oil is not clean, and the damper blocks up 5. Dredge the damper, and replace the cleanly oilAdjustment is out of functionThe spring is broken or missed out the installationCheck, replace and renew the springThe damper blocks upDredge the damperThe slide valve lockDismantle, check, renovate itThe oil inlet and the oil outlet install in reverseCheck the direction of oilThe cone valve is missed out the installationCheck and renew itLeakage seriousThe contact between the cone valve or steel balls and valve holder is badWhen the cone valve or steel balls wear away, should replace the newToo large cooperate clearance between the slide valve and the valve bodyCheck the clearance between the valve core and the valve bodyThe sleeve should not be screwed downScrew down the connect boltSeal damageCheck and replace the sealNoise and vibrationScrew caps slop1. Screw down the screw capsThe spring transforms, and not restores2. Check and replace the springToo tight cooperate between the slide valve3. Abrade polish the slide valve, and make it agilityThe action of main slide valve is bad4. Check the concentricity between the slide valve and the cabinetThe cone valve damage5. Replace the cone valve There is air in the outlet oil pipeline6. Vent airThe flux exceeds the admission worth7. Replace the valve that it is suit the corresponding flux Produce resonance with other valves8. Slightly settle the rated pressure worth of the valve( If the difference of the rated pressure worth is less than 0.5 Mpa, it easily take place resonance4）Analysis faults and remedies of over-high oil temperaturePhenomenonAnalysisRemedyWhen the system do not need the pressure oil, but the oil still under the enactment pressure return to fuel tankThe loop of unload charge cannot work wellCheck whether electricity loop, electromagnetism valve, lead loop and unload charge valve can work normallyThe choice of hydraulic pressures module specification is unreasonable1. Valve specification is too small, the energy loses is too big1. Selects according to the work pressure of the system and maximum flux through the valve2. While choosing the pump, the discharge of the pump is over flow2. Choose the pump reasonablyCooling shortage1. The supply of cooling water or the fan is out of orderElimination malfunction2. Precipitate in the cooling water pipeEliminate precipitateShortage of emitting heatThe shortage of fuel tanks emitting heat area Refit cooling system or enlarge fuel tanks capacities and emitting heat areaThe hydraulic pressure pump over hot1. The wear and tear results in the power losesRepair and instead2. Work with the fuel of which the viscosity is over low or high2. Choose the oil that fits in this system for fuelingOil liquid the circulation is too quickThe liquid level of fuel tank is too lowFuel the oil to the recommended position The resistance of the oil over mightyThe inside diameter of the pipe do not conform with the needed flux or the inside diameter of the valve is not big enoughInstall the pipe and valve of suitable size, or low the power6. A sum-up of main externally purchased items1）List of main sealNO.CodeDescriptionSpecificationsQuantityRemarks1GB/1235-87O-ring11*1.9Used in hydraulic system16*2.420*2.424*2.440*3.145*3.12JB/T981-1977Combination oil seal141822333TC593Oil seal170*200*151Used in power head4TC576COil seal130*160*1515TC549AOil seal95*120*1226HG4-337-66V-ringB659042）List of bearing NO.CodeDescriptionSpecificationsQua.Remarks1GB/T283-1994Cylindrical roller bearingNU10282Used in power head assembly2GB/T297-1994Tapered roller bearing3202423GB/T283-1994Cylindrical roller bearingNJ214E24GB/T276-1994Deep groove ball bearing6191945GB/T283-1994Cylindrical roller bearingNJ210E12Used in propelling rack assembly3）Other externally purchased items of the drilling rigNOCodeDescriptionSpecificationsQuantityRemarks1CBW-F203-AFPGear pump3mL/r12CBQ-G540-CFHGear pump40mL/r13CBTL-F410/F410-AFPGear pump10/10mL/r14GB/T6074-1995ChainLH1066-200244 / Two set 190/One set5YN60-Pressure meter4Measuring range 25MPa6YWZ-150TLiquor 17EF4-50Liquid-thermometer18B6232-00Radiator19LXZ-250*80F-YFilter for oil suck110LXZ-160*80L-YFilter for oil suck111GP-A400*5QCMagnetism-filter for returning oil17. List of damageable partNO.CodeDescriptionQua.Remarks1HZQ80-1-0Connection1Connect power head and drilling rod2HZQ80-13Main shaft1Export shaft with power head3HZQ80-4Butterfly spring80With power head4HZQ80-7Splint sleeve1With power head5HZQ80-17Small shaft1With power head6WG-GL1-6Ball bearing 102056With idler wheel assembly7WG-GL1-2Oil seal8With idler wheel assembly8WG-GL1-4Wearable board4Idler wheel assembly9WG-GL1-58Idler wheel assembly19MDL-50A-1-1-1Junction11Transition JunctionMDL-50A型锚固钻机使用说明书中国是世界上机械发展最早的国家之一。中国的机械工程技术不但历史悠久，而且成就十分辉煌，不仅对中国的物质文化和社会经济的发展起到了重要的促进作用，而且对世界技术文明的进步做出了重大贡献。传统机械方面，我国在很长一段时期内都领先于世界。到了近代，特别是从18世纪初到19世纪40年代，由于经济社会等诸多原因，我国的机械行业发展停滞不前，而这100多年的时间正是西方资产阶级政治革命和产业革命时期，机械科学技术飞速发展，远远超过了中国的水平。这样，中国机械的发展水平与西方的差距急剧拉大，到十九世纪中期已经落后西方一百多年。新中国建立后特别是近三十年来，我国的机械科学技术发展速度很快。向机械产品大型化，精密化、自动化和成套化的趋势发展。在有些方面已经达到或超过了世界先进水平。总的来说，就目前而言中国机械科学技术的成就是巨大的，发展速度之快、水平之高也是前所未有的。这一时期还没有结束，我国的机械科学技术还将向更高的水平发展。只要我们能够采取正确的方针、政策、用好科技发展规律并勇于创新，我国的机械工业和机械科技一定能够振兴，重新引领世界机械工业发展潮流40多年来，我国锚杆钻机从无到有，锚杆钻机在一些地方又称为锚固钻机，品种从原来的单一品种到多品种，从单一动力到多种动力。先后研制出机械支腿式电动锚杆钻机、钻车式锚杆钻机、支腿与导轨式液压锚杆钻机、支腿式气动锚杆钻机、非机械传动支腿式电动锚杆钻机、机载式锚杆钻机和双级气腿凿岩机等。根据动力来源主要有气动和液压两种。液压锚杆钻机主要以液压油作为介质，以油缸、马达为驱动执行元件构成。从行走上分在国内主要有滑撬式和履带式两种。滑撬式液压锚杆钻机结构简单，力量较大，操作简便，造价成本相对较低。如无锡双帆生产的YG-80、成都哈迈生产的YXZ-70、重庆探矿厂生产的MGJ-50等等。成孔多为双管偏心技术，常用的钻杆为中73、89，外套管根据设计不同常用有108、127、146等规格。使用时需配备适当的空气压缩机来带动冲击器产生冲击功，因为冲击器始终作用在孔的底部，因此常常又称为“下打击”式。在工人建筑施工工艺中的抗浮锚杆、基坑支护、土钉墙支护等应用较为广泛。但移机笨重，功能单一，并随着加工成本的增加，高层建筑越来越多，越来越高，这类机型已逐渐不能适应市场的需求。因而履带式自动行走的锚固锚杆钻机很快得到发展。在国内履带式锚杆钻机有许多类型，其特点主要表现在动力头大多采用了大扭矩马达驱动，调速范围通常为无级调速，大大提高了钻机的性能。行走履带由液压马达驱动，提高了钻机的灵活性，降低了人工移机的烦琐性。这类钻机也采用了“下打击”方式，如东方工矿生产的DF-3000、宣化英格索兰生产的CM-351等。这类钻机同上述滑撬式钻机一样在起拔套管时需要配备其它专用的辅助设备。在国内还有一类双动力头型的锚杆钻机，这类钻机的特点是钻杆和套管分别由各自的一个动力头带动回转，互不影响，起拔套管可由本机自动完成。每种钻机都有相应的使用说明书，下面是MDL-50A全液压回转器式锚固工程钻机的使用说明。1 概述该机主要部件均采用了我公司最新的成组技术，并根据客户要求配以履带底盘配套部件，再设计全新的液压系统，使其成为一体，关键元件选用国外名牌产品，全液压控制，仪表显示，操作方便灵活，大大提高了工作效率，满足了客户的需要。该机属全液压回转器式锚固工程钻机，整机重量小于4000公斤。主要用于地质灾害防治中的滑坡及危岩体锚固工程，控制建筑物位移等岩体锚固工程，适用于施工城市深基坑支护及地基加固工程孔、爆破工程的爆破孔等，但不适于高边坡岩体锚固工程。MDL-50A型钻机性能稳定，工作效率高，具有多用性，具备钻进复杂地层和处理事故的能力。它配套普通合金钻头等钻具可进行回转钻进；在硬岩层采用常规球齿钻头，进行冲击回转钻进，高速成孔；与空气压缩机及气动潜孔锤配套，在卵砾石等不稳定地层，采用跟管钻进钻具可进行跟套管钻进成孔。MDL-50A型还可以配套转盘、夹持卸扣器、旋喷模块。转盘可以使钻机在水平面上旋转90，提高了钻机的移动效率。夹持卸扣器可以自动装卸钻杆，降低了工人的劳动强度。旋喷模块就是在该钻机的基础上更换主轴，再对液压系统稍加改动即可以用于施工高压旋喷桩。这台钻机主要有如下几大特点:1）结构紧凑,全液压控制，操作方便灵活，移位方便，机动性好，省时、省力。2）配有专用的跟管钻进钻具（钻杆、套管、偏心钻头等），在不稳定地层用套管护壁开孔，常规球齿钻头终孔。钻进效率高，成孔质量好。3）针对客户当地的特殊工况，对散热系统进行了优化，确保液压系统在室外温度为50C时，最高温度不超过70C。4）整个系统都有全方位的保护，过压保护、过温保护、高温报警等。2 主要技术参数主要钻进方法：潜孔锤常规钻进、合金钻进、螺旋钻进。1）钻孔直径（mm）：851602）钻孔深度（m）：40603）钻孔角度（）：-15904）额定转速（r/min，正反转）：12、25、45、60、95、1255）额定提升力（kN）：42.56）额定给进力（kN）：257）给进行程（mm）：18008）动力：电动机，18.5KW+11KW+1.5KW9）重量（kg）：400010）外形尺寸(长宽高，mm)：38001800200011）主机垂直状态：38001800360012）主机横向状态：3800180020003 钻机的构造MDL-50A型钻机主要有如下几个部件组成：（1）动力组件动力组件由三台电机分别带动三组泵：其中一组是大泵，大泵是负责回转器的快速回转。还有一组是双联泵，是负责钻机的慢速回转、行走、分配、支腿油缸回转器的快速加压提升给进。最后一组是小泵，是负责钻机的起塔、滑架移动、调速给进。钻机开机时要注意三个电动机的转向，其转向要与电机后壳上或泵上的红箭头标向一致，否则钻机不能正常工作。（2）回转器部分回转器由双液压马达驱动，经齿轮传动变速，带动主轴和前端钻杆接头正反转，以此驱动下面的钻杆旋转。回转器箱体内贮存有齿轮润滑油，使用时应经常检查油量是否足够。回转器的上下移动是通过链条作用下实现的，当钻机工作一段时间后，回转器会因零件磨损而出现晃动情况，这时应及时地松开锁紧螺母，旋动回转器与推进架连接处的紧定螺钉调整侧面和底部的滑动间隙，然后重新固定螺母。但应注意耐磨板间隙不可过紧。（3）推进架部分推进架是支承孔口装置、回转器组件、加压提升组件的部件。（4）履带底盘加装了履带底盘，通过控制比例阀，轻松实现钻机前进、后退、转弯及钻机调平，从而使其具有移位方便、机动性好，省时、省力的特点。（5）液压系统 MDL-50型钻机液压系统的工作油泵、阀、执行元件及管路附件大多选用国外进口件，使其具有更好的工作性能。（6）电气系统由于钻机自身不带有动力源，故需从外部将三相交流电源接入控制电柜中。电机采用星三角启动，以降低启动电流，电柜总输入功率为34.5kW。电气柜中有漏电开关作为安全保护、又为液压系统提供过压保护及各种报警，使用户随时了解钻机的状态。开机前要注意电气柜接地线是否牢固可靠。非电气专业人员不得检查、维修，否则后果自负。4 钻机的使用注意事项钻机开机前准备的注意事项1.1 平整场地，使钻机安放平稳。1.2 检查钻机所有各部连接螺栓是否紧固，如有松动，应进行紧固与调整。1.3 检查各传动部件有无卡阻现象，各防护罩及油管等安装是否正确。1.4 检查各操纵杆位置是否处于停止位置，不能处于工作状态，预防出事故。1.5 各油管接头是否松动，如松动要紧固调整。1.6 油箱中液压油是否达到规定的油面位置，油箱进出油阀必须处于开启位置。1.7 机组各部分表面擦洗干净，各油咀、滑动部位加注润滑油。1.8 开启电机时，首先只能点动起动短时运转，要注意电机的旋转方向与标牌方向一致，绝不可以长时间反转。1.9 油箱内应有足够的液压油。在油箱侧面有液位液温计显示油位。液压油的选择：当环境温度为1040时，可用牌号为L-HM46液压油（GB11118.1-1994）或YB-N46抗磨液压油（GB2512-81）；当环境温度为4010时，可改用L-HV46液压油（GB11118.1-1994）或其它低温液压油。一般钻机连续施工一月左右就要清洗油箱，去掉液压油中的杂质；油泵吸油处的过滤器一般半月要拆开清洗一下。1.10 查看是否有漏油现象，确认不漏油时再确定开机。1.11 在寒冷的环境里施工，启动油泵时应开开停停，反复几次；在高温季节施工，油箱顶部应附有防晒装置（用户自行解决）。1.12 如钻机较长时间不用，启动电机后应先让油泵保持10分钟左右空负荷运转，此时各手柄