1 绪论…………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 本课题的目的和意义…………………………………………………………1
1.2 净油机工作原理及分析……………………………………………………1
1.3净油机发展现状……………………………………………………………2
1.4GRJ-50高效净油机简介……………………………………………………3

2 真空净油机的工作原理简介………………………………………………………4
2.1真空净油机净油原理概述……………………………………………………4
2.2真空净油机工艺流程概述……………………………………………………4

3 总体方案设计………………………………………………………………………6
3.1真空净油机草图方案…………………………………………………………6
3.2真空净油机设计要求…………………………………………………………6
3.3真空罐草图设计说明…………………………………………………………7
3.4油泵方案选择…………………………………………………………………9
3.5真空泵选择方案 ……………………………………………………………10
3.6风冷器选择方案 ……………………………………………………………11
3.7缓冲器设计说明 ……………………………………………………………12
3.8凝水器设计说明 ……………………………………………………………12
3.9氮气发生器选择方案 ………………………………………………………13
3.10电控柜设计说明……………………………………………………………13

4 过滤加热装置的设计 ……………………………………………………………15
4.1进油过滤器设计说明 ………………………………………………………15
4.2精滤器设计说明 ……………………………………………………………15
4.3加热器设计说明 ……………………………………………………………16
4.4真空罐最终设计说明 ………………………………………………………17

5 净油机机架设计 …………………………………………………………………20

6 管路设计 …………………………………………………………………………21

7 法兰盘设计 ………………………………………………………………………23

8 阀门设计 …………………………………………………………………………24

9 净油机三维装配设计 ……………………………………………………………25

10 净油机工程图设计………………………………………………………………29

11结论 ………………………………………………………………………………30

致谢 …………………………………………………………………………………31

参考文献 ……………………………………………………………………………32

摘要

凡是有机器运转的地方，都能看到润滑油的身影。这是由于在机器里加入润滑油可以起到润滑、冷却、防锈、清洁、密封、缓冲、散热等作用。然而，在使用过程中，由于种种原因导致润滑油混入各种杂质，使油液失效，导致机器故障，造成经济损失。
故尔，润滑油必须经过净化处理才能使用。本文针对润滑油中混入的水分进行提纯，在现有真空净油机的基础上，设计一款真空净油机，将完成总体方案设计、过滤加热装置设计、三模建模以及绘制工程图等工作。
关键词：真空净油机设计三维

Abstract

Where the place of the machinery, you can see the figure of lubricating oil. This is because the machine can add lubricating oil in the lubricating, cooling, antirust, clean, seal, buffer, heat dissipation, etc. In use process, however, for various reasons result in lubricating oil mixed with a variety of impurities, disable oil, lead to malfunction and cause economic losses.
Therefore, should only be used lubricating oil must undergo purification treatment. Lubricating oil mixed with water in the purification, the author of this paper, on the basis of the existing vacuum oil purifier, design a vacuum oil purifier, will complete the overall scheme design, filtering, heating equipment design, Three-dimensionaland drawing engineering drawings, etc.
Key words: Vacuum oil purifierDesignThree-dimensional

1绪论

1.1本课题的目的和意义
世界的发展离不开机器的运转，机器的运转离不开机油的润滑。在机器的摩擦面加入润滑油不仅可以降低摩擦，减轻磨损，保护零件不遭锈蚀，而且在采用循环润滑时还能起到散热降温的

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内容简介：: 重庆理工大学毕业设计（论文）任务书题目真空加热式高效净油机设计（任务起止日期 2013年 2月 25 日2013年 6月 14 日）机械工程学院机械设计制造及其自动化专业 109040202班学生姓名涂成康学号 10904020226 指导教师系主任二级学院院长课题内容：1 净油机总体方案设计；2 装备的结构设计，绘制总装图；3 过滤加热装置设计及装配图绘制；4 .加热器机构零件图绘制；5 建立真空净油机的三维模型。课题任务要求：1. 查阅文献不少于20篇，完成开题报告，文献综述不少于3000字，翻译与课题相关的外文资料不少于1万个字符。2. 提交一份电子档案交与老师，包括任务书、开题报告、文献综述、外文翻译、毕业论文。3. 做好真空净油机的调研工作，了解真空净油机发展趋势和发明专利。4. 完成真空净油机的总装设计，过滤加热装置的设计。5. 利用Solidworks对真空净油机进行三维建模三维建模，完成后交与老师修改。6. 按要求用计算机绘制装配图、零件图、并用A0、A1、A2纸张打印。主要参考文献（由指导教师选定）1 濮良贵，纪名刚. 机械设计. 7版. 北京：高等教育出版社，2001.2 孙桓，陈作模. 机械原理M. 6版. 北京：北京高等教育出版社，2001.3 王霄. 逆向工程技术及其应用. 北京：化学工业出版社，2004.4 威胡勃卡著. 刘伟烈，刁元康译.工程设计原理. 机械工业出版社，1982.5 冯辛安. 机械制造装备设计M. 北京：机械工业出版社，1999.6 何存兴，张铁华. 液传动与气压传动M. 第二版. 武汉：华中科技大学出版社，2000.7 王先逵. 机械制造工艺学. 北京：机械工业出版社，1995.8 刘全忠. 电子技术M. 2版. 北京：高等教育出版社，2004.同组者无注：1、任务书由指导教师填写；2、任务书在第七学期期末下达给学生学生完成毕业设计（论文）工作进度计划表序号毕业设计（论文）工作任务工作进度日程安排周次12345678910111213141516171819201查阅资料2完成开题报告、任务书、文献综述和外文翻译3结构初步设计、三维建模4完成结构设计，局部设计，绘制零件图5绘制装配图，完成论文初稿6论文初稿审核、修改后定稿7论文定稿并由老师审核，准备毕业答辩（5月31日前结束全部设计，资料交指导老师）8准备毕业答辩及资料整理注：1、此表由指导教师填写；2、此表每个学生一份，作为毕业设计（论文）检查工作进度之依据；3、进度安排用“”在相应位置画出。毕业设计（论文）阶段工作情况检查表时间第一阶段第二阶段第三阶段内容组织纪律完成任务情况组织纪律完成任务情况组织纪律完成任务情况检查情况教师签字签字日期签字日期签字日期注：1、此表由指导教师认真填写（要求手写）；2、“组织纪律”一栏根据学生具体执行情况如实填写；3、“完成任务情况”一栏按学生是否按进度保质保量完成任务的情况填写；4、对违纪和不能按时完成任务者，指导教师可根据情节轻重对该生提出警告或不能参加答辩的建议。重庆理工大学毕业设计（论文）英文翻译题目真空加热式高效净油机设计二级学院机械工程学院专业机械设计制造及其自动化班级 109040202 姓名涂成康学号 10904020226 指导教师系主任时间 2012年2月25日2013年6月14日 Purification of design method and vacuum purifying oil engine lubricating oil1.ForewordTurbine oil (oil) on turbine generator is mainly used for lubrication and cooling speed, etc., for the steam turbine unit long-term operation, due to high pressure steam seal, motor shaft seal and other serious wear, band gap or steam pressure regulating improper, cause on phenomena, and oil cooler leakage, resulting in serious water turbine oil oily, appear murky or emulsified oil, accelerated aging, to produce soaps, colloid and organic and inorganic acid, reduce the stability and lubricating oil. At the same time, water and additive effect of oil could promote the decomposition, cause equipment corrosion. On the other hand, because the system external contaminants through shaft seal and various pore to enter, such as sand, dust, rust, carbon particle, and internalmetal wear particles, oil oxidation products, will also reduce the oil viscosity, anti - foam, destruction of oil film, increasing friction, wear of mechanical equipment, and may cause the speed control system block, failure, cause local overheating and even stuffy car. The formation of sludge pipeline emulsified oil may also deposit in the speed control, circulation system, the operation of oil, can not flow smoothly, no lubrication, cooling speed, good effect. Therefore, the turbine oil is good or bad, directly affect the safe and economic operation of the unit.Transformer oil after several years of operation, due to various reasons, the quality deterioration, oil oxidation, color depth, water, clay, free carbon, acid value, viscosity, mechanical impurities will exceed the standard, the potential danger of transformer. Processing methods commonly used are: power off, stop, change new oil.However, the rapid economic development and energy is very scarce in China, a new oil is obviously not the economy. Therefore, this article will explore the oil processing method, and introduces a high efficiency oil machine apparatus and process.2. Lubricating oil processing methodCurrently the oil regeneration purification method there are 7 ways2.1Gravity settling barrier methodThis method is primarily used to remove large proportion, larger particles of impurities in oil, as well as water intake is very serious in making coarse purification, purification measures must be complemented with other purification methods.2.2Pressure filtration methodThe Act, also known as mechanical filtration. Traditional plate-and-frame type filter, which uses oil pump pressure pressure difference of formation on both sides of filter paper, when waste oil through filter paper, impurities and water filter. But inefficient operations, used dosage in big trouble. High cost breakdown voltage increase is less obvious. Dewatering capacity depends entirely on the degree of dry filter paper, do not bake before throwing, or do not change the filter paper. Filter paper will promptly with the balance of water in the oil State, that is a saturation, even water release to diesel.2.3 Centrifugal separation methodThis method use proportion in waste oil, water impurities in different. Under the centrifugal force produced by the high speed rotation of the oil-water separation, to purify the purpose of impurity. This method is not high, the requirements of water heavy waste turbine oil, hydraulic oil, lubricating oil can be used as a pretreatment, high efficiency. But it can not remove dissolved water purification, and less pressure filter. Only the centrifuge is used as a coarse filter device.2.4Vacuum separation methodIt makes use of oil and water boiling point difference exists, so that the oil atomization or form oil film in vacuum and under certain temperature, the moisture evaporation, removal of water in oil, gas, and filter out impurities. The performance, efficiency of vacuum oil purifier, because the structure of many, each are not identical. High efficiency equipment to a new generation of volume, power consumption is very small is gradually replacing the traditional vacuum oil purifier.2.5Condensation purification methodIt makes use of waste oil flowing through the high pressure (10 40kV) DC electric field, polar molecules such as water, oil, acid components, sludge, size ion polarity material will be charged, polar and incentive, thus using electrostatic attraction electrochemical, making them adsorption and aggregation, off the impurities, and oil pure and is not easy to absorb, under the action of the oil pressure can be forced through the electric field, so that the purpose of the present method but is rarely applied, the purification efficiency is low, high failure rate, repair difficulties.2.6Electrostatic separation methodIt uses the oil flowing to the high voltage ( 10 40kV ) DC electric field, polar molecules such as water, oil, acid components, sludge, size ion polarity material will be charged, polar and incentive, thus using electrostatic attraction electrochemical, making them adsorption and aggregation, off the impurities, and oil pure and is not easy to absorb, under the action of the oil pressure can be forced through the electric field, so that the purpose of the present method but is rarely applied, the purification efficiency is low, high failure rate, repair difficulties.2.7 Purification and regeneration methodRegeneration method of purification and regeneration of adsorbents and chemical law, media law, including contact and percolation method.Adsorbent of traditional method use of activated white clay, with larger active surface adsorption materials such as silica gel, acid component of waste oils, resins, asphaltenes, unsaturated hydrocarbons and water, there is a strong characteristic of adsorption capacity, make adsorbent full contact with the waste oil to remove harmful substances.Contact media mix with the oil, will be restricted from oil regeneration process within equipment.Infiltration law was forced through oil fitted with granular adsorbents (such as silica gel, particulate clay, alumina, and so on) does not require mixing, also charged handling of electrical equipment. Chemical regeneration process, first with sulfuric acid and oxidation products in the waste oils generated acid residue, and then contact Clay mixing process, or by using lye (sodium hydroxide standard solution) and acidic acidity of oils in the ingredients. Generated salts soluble in the caustic sludge formed in alkaline solution.Lye removal, remaining a little salt water washed or treated with a white soil contact. Regeneration treatment suitable for more serious deterioration of oil, but oil containing more water and impurities, it should dehydrate, impurities before regeneration, regeneration after the strict application of pressurized oil to the filter, prevent sorbent particles are brought into the power device. In addition, regeneration also can be a useful component in oil to get rid of, so the regeneration is completed should rejoin the antioxidant T501.For oil degradation of more serious, only a chemical regeneration methods, but huge chemical regeneration equipment, complex, intensive, work efficiency, long life cycle, the energy consumption is high. Obvious. Dewatering capacity depends entirely on the degree of dry filter paper, do not bake before throwing, or do not change the filter paper. Filter paper will promptly with the balance of water in the oil State, that is a saturation, even water release to diesel.3.Technical characteristics of vacuum oil purifierGeneral dewatering, degassing vacuum oil purifier and impurity removal function. Impurities by multistage mechanical filter to meet the requirement, and the moisture content in oil and gas separation many times over and over again find it more difficult to achieve the desired level of vacuum oil purifier is at the heart of separation of vacuum degassing and dewatering systems. A separation effect of vacuum oil purifier, advantages and disadvantages of isolation tank efficiency largely depends on the performance and quality largely depends on the performance of oil separation tank in one of the forms. At present, the domestic vacuum oil purifier, its processed oil in the gas-liquid separation tank in existence can be summarized as 3.Namely, fog-like volume, of oil film. Simple volume and separation, it is characterized by the formation in oil separation tank full tank wall of overall State, when the space above the oil is pumped into the vacuum, water vapor from above only volatile, volatile small, inefficient. Spray an improvement over the volume, when oil from the upper spray into the isolation tank, spray the granular form of volatile oil drop oil surface than an increase in the volume, but most of the water and the bubbles still being within the oil drops, essential effect is still poor.Oil film shaped is will diesel injected tank within, tank within has many metal hole plate, makes oil liquid has opportunities in hole pull of surface formed thin oil film, to than Qian two species forms are increased has oil of surface area, but actually efficiency still lower, space utilization poor, volume large, often to repeatedly repeatedly filter, heating must is high, otherwise oil in the residual moisture difficult to quickly reached wanted to degree, oil also easy aging.4. vacuum oil purifierVacuum oil purifier, high separation efficiency, is found in limited form in the vacuum tank oil film with a total area of bigger is better, followed by oil-film surface should be kept up to date, then there oil liquid film flow in a vacuum the longer the better, better ventilation and separator plates, easy removal of water vapour. For this, in the machine vacuum separation tank above first by spray type Distributor, will from infrared heater of hot oil uniform of Jet to upper separation Tower plate, dang just by plus and boiling to purification of pressure oil liquid by atomization distributor spray into steam liquid separation above Shi, first in collapsed metal network above space are fog shaped separation, due to into oil end atomization distributor of role, is easy formed than General particles more fine of uniform fog shaped, immediately oil filling is uniform to distribution to upper fine hole metal online. The rectangle as the collapse the network produces a lot of slope, oil form a very thin oil film on the slope first, while maintaining the high-vacuum tank, moisture in oil and bubbles easily are volatile, because surface is tilted, diesel continued downward at the same time, has the potential to roll accompanied by stirring, the oil surface has been updated. Separation efficiency at its best on the same slope, and thin metal mesh is made of very fine wires, there are numerous small holes through the holes, oil not only in surface flow formation on film, while soaked to the next surface, form a thin film on both sides, and good air permeability. Vaporization components can easily be pump, thanks to collapse so that it can be in the same volume much larger than conventional forms of the film (expanded) surface area. Between each level of folding NET lining into a metal hole, drill-intensive network of thin plate on top of the hole collapse played a supporting role, again on the next tier network to the redistribution of oil and damp mixing roles, both upper and lower surfaces forming a film. Thus, in situations not increasing overall dimensions, its could be added to the regular structure of the total area of more than 250% and tortuous collapse the network structure, the oil flow paths are complex and extended, so that the oil film in the vacuum holding time increased considerably, moisture in the oil and gas separation effect increases dramatically.润滑油提纯方法与真空高效净油机设计1. 前言汽轮机油(透平油)在汽轮发电机组中主要用于润滑、调速和散热冷却等，对于长期运行的汽轮机组，由于高压汽封、电机轴封等严重磨损，带间隙或汽封压力调节不当，引起串汽现象，以及冷油器泄漏，造成透平油严重含水，出现油质浑浊不清或乳化，加速油质老化，产生皂类、胶质和有机与无机酸，降低油的稳定性和润滑价值1。同时，水分会与油中添加剂作用促使其分解，导致设备锈蚀。另一方面由于系统外污染物通过轴封和各种孔隙进入，如砂子、尘土、锈渣、碳粒，及内部金属磨损颗粒、油品氧化产物，也会降低油的粘度、抗泡沫性，破坏油膜、增大摩擦，磨损设备机件，并有可能导致调速系统卡塞、失灵，引起局部过热甚至闷车。乳化油还有可能沉积于调速、循环系统的管路中，生成油泥，使运行油不能畅通流动，起不到良好的润滑、调速、冷却作用。因此，透平油的好坏，直接影响到机组的安全经济运行。变压器油经过几年运行后，由于各种原因，使油质发生劣化，油液氧化、油色变深，水分、油泥、游离炭、酸值、机械杂质、粘度等都超标，造成变压器潜在的危险。常用的处理方法是：断电、停产、换新油。但是，对于经济高速发展而能源又相当紧缺的我国来说，换新油显然是不经济的。为此，本文将探讨油处理方法，并介绍一款高效净油机装置及其工艺。2润滑油处理方法2目前国内的油液再生净化方法有以下7 种2.1重力沉障法此法主要用以除去油中比重较大、颗粒较大的杂质，以及在进水很严重的情况下作粗净化，必须要有其它净化方法作为补充净化措施。2.2压力过滤法该法也称机械过滤法。即传统的板框式压力过滤机，它利用油泵压力在滤纸两面形成压差，使废油通过滤纸时，将杂质与水分滤去。但效率低操作麻烦、滤纸用量大。成本高，击穿电压提高不明显。脱水能力完全取决于滤纸的干燥程度，使用前不烘烤，或不勤换滤纸。滤纸将会迅速与油中的含水达到平衡状态，即出现饱和现象，甚至将水分释放给油渣。2.3离心分离法此法利用废油中的油、水杂质的比重不同。在高速旋转所产生的离心力作用下，使油水杂质分开达到净化目的。该法对要求不高、含水很重的废透平油、液压油、机械油可作预处理，效率较高。但它不能除去溶解的水分，并且净化程度不如压力式过滤机。离心分离机只能作为一种粗滤装置。2.4真空分离法它利用油与水存在较大沸点差，使油在高真空和一定温度下产生雾化或形成油膜，使水分汽化，脱除油中水分、气体、并滤去杂质。真空净油机的性能、效率，因结构很多，各不相同。新一代体积、能耗均很小的高效型设备正在逐渐取代传统真空净油机。2.5凝聚净化法该法采用特殊过滤塔，以组合细小的，分散的水滴成大水滴，大水滴被阻留在塔内。经过逐渐汇集，最后落到分离室底部。这种方法主要用于含水较重的油液。并且一般不作为单独的净化手段使用。2.6静电分离法它利用废油流经高压(10 40kV )直流电场时，油中的极性分子，如水、酸性组分、油泥、大小离子等极性物质将会带电、分极和激励，从而利用电化学的静电引力，使它们吸附和聚集，把杂质去掉，而纯净的油液不易吸附，在油压作用下可强行通过电场，从而起到净化目的但该法目前应用还很少，效率偏低，故障率较高，维修困难。2.7再生净化法再生净化法又分吸附剂法和化学再生法，吸附剂法包括接触法和渗滤法。传统的吸附剂法利用活性白土，硅胶等具有较大活性表面的吸附材料，对废油中的酸性成份、树脂、沥青质，不饱和烃和水等有较强吸附能力的特点，使吸附剂与废油充分接触，除去有害物质。接触法须将吸附剂与油进行搅拌，只适于从设备内换出油液的再生处理。渗滤法是强迫油液通过装有颗粒状吸附剂(如硅胶、颗粒白土、氧化铝等)使用中不需要搅拌，也可对电力设备进行带电处理。化学再生法中，先用硫酸与废油中的氧化产物作用生成酸渣，再用白土接触搅拌处理，或先用碱液(常用氢氧化钠溶液)中和酸性油中的酸性成份。生成的盐类可溶于该碱液中形成碱渣。随碱液一道排出，残存的少许盐类可用水洗涤去或用白土接触处理。再生处理适合于劣化较严重的

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