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椭圆齿轮行星系大株距植苗机构的设计【含有三维PROE】【CAD图纸】【答辩毕业资料】

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摘要

移植是蔬菜生产过程中的重要环节之一，移植具有对气候的补偿作用和使作物生育提早的综合效益，可以充分的利用光热资源，其经济效益和社会效益都非常可观。当前，国内正在应用的移植机械大多为半自动移植机，半自动移栽机靠手工送苗，效率低，劳动强度大，而国内自动移栽机的研究才刚刚起步，自动移栽机从取苗到植苗都由机械自动完成，效率高。国外虽有一些自动移栽机应用于生产，但还处于不断研究与推广阶段。植苗机构是将秧苗植入大田的最终机构，是旱田移栽机的核心工作部件。因此，植苗机构的设计对自动移栽机的发展至关重要。
本文主要的研究内容如下：
1.根据植苗的技术特点和农艺要求，设计非圆齿轮行星系大株距植苗机构，满足机械植苗特殊的工作轨迹要求。
2.论述了该植苗机构的工作原理以及结构特点。
3.以建立的运动学模型为基础，基于可视化开发平台VB6.0，借用植苗机构辅助分析与优化软件，介绍了该软件的人机交互界面及功能，基于该软件，解决了该机构运动学分析难点。
4.进行植苗机构的总体设计，讨论了设计中应该注意的问题，最后在CAD2008下完成装配图和各零件的设计。
5.建立植苗机构的三维实体模型，对其进行虚拟装配。
关键词：大株距；椭圆齿轮；行星轮系植苗机构；工作机理；设计

Design of Large Spacing Transplanting Mechanism with Oval Gear for Planetary Gears
Abstract
Transplanting is an important process of vegetable procreating, which has the function of compensating varying climate and shifting the procreating of plants to an earlier time. It helps the plants to use the source of light and temperature sufficiently, which will make considerable economical and social benefits. At present, most transplanting machines are semi-automatic transplanting machines ，they need pick up plug seedling by man ，which have high work intensity and low work efficiency ,and domestic research on automatic transplanting machine is just beginning . Automatic transplanting machine can pick up plug seedling and transplanting plug seedling by themselves which have low work intensity and high work efficiency. The overseas have automatic transplanting machine be applied in production but the application and research on automatic transplanting machine is developing Thus the pick up plug seedling machine is the key issues which restricted the development of automatic transplanting machine and at same time ,which is also restricted the development of the plants of vegetable . So it's a pressing requirement to design a new kind of pick up plug seedling machine. Transplanting mechanism is the ultimate mechanism to transplant seedlings into the field and the nuclear working component of dry farmland transplanter. Therefore, design of transplanting mechanism is important for the development of automatic transplanting machine.
The major research contents of this paper are as follows:
1. According to the technological characteristics and agricultural requirements, design of large spacing transplanting mechanism with Non-circular gear for planetary gears, which can satisfy the special working trajectory requirements of fetching and pick up plug seedlings automatically.
2. The working principle and structural features of this automatic vegetable plug seedling pick-up mechanism has been discussed.
3. Based on the established kinematic mathematical model and Visual Basic 6.0, develop the kinematic aided analytical of the transplanting mechanism. Introduce the human-computer interactive interface and functions of this software. By this software, the difficulty of optimization with multiple kinematic objects of this mechanism can be solved.
4. Design the ensemble of the vegetable plug seedling pick-up mechanism; discuss the problems which should be noticed in the process of designing. Finally finish the design of parts and the assembly drawing basing on CAD2008.
5. Establish the solid model of all parts of this vegetable plug seedling pick-up mechanism in Proe5.0 and then carry out the virtual assemble.

Keywords: Large spacing; Oval gear；Planetary gears transplanting mechanism; Work principle; Design

目录
摘要
Abstract
第1章绪论
1.1 论文的研究背景及意义.................................................................................................1
1.2 我国移栽机发展概况.....................................................................................................1
1.2.1我国蔬菜钵苗移栽机存在的问题......................................................................2
1.2.2我国蔬菜钵苗移栽机存在问题解决途径分析..................................................2
1.2.3蔬菜钵苗移栽机发展方向..................................................................................3
1.3 国内外植苗机构研究现状及分析.................................................................................4
1.3.1 旋转式机构.........................................................................................................4
1.3.2 滑道式机构.........................................................................................................7
1.4 本文的研究目标..............................................................................................................8
1.5 本文的主要工作及内容安排..........................................................................................8
1.6 本章小结..........................................................................................................................9
第2章椭圆齿轮行星系大株距植苗机构的总体设计及分析
2.1 椭圆齿轮行星系大株距植苗机构工作原理..................................................................10
2.2 椭圆齿轮行星系大株距植苗机构的运动学分析..........................................................11
2.2.1 椭圆齿轮的啮合特性及优点的分析..................................................................11
2.2.2 椭圆齿轮的角位移、角速度和传动比的分析..................................................12
2.2.3运动学分析符合的说明.......................................................................................14
2.2.4 植苗机构栽植嘴位移分析..................................................................................15
2.2.5 栽植嘴上各点位移方程和各构件角位移方程..................................................17
2.2.6 机构上各点的速度方程和各构件角速度方程..................................................19
2.2.7 栽植嘴上各点的速度方程和各构件角加速度方程..........................................20
2.3 本章小结..........................................................................................................................21
第3章基于VB6.0的行星系大株距植苗机构运动学分析
3.1 运动学仿真与优化软件开发语言选择..........................................................................22
3.2 人机交互简介..................................................................................................................22
3.3 运动学仿真与优化软件的功能......................................................................................23
3.3.1椭圆齿轮参数计算...............................................................................................24
3.3.2植苗机构参数确定...............................................................................................24
3.3.3 速度分析..............................................................................................................25
3.4 本章小结................................................................................................................................26
第4章重要零件的设计
4.1 椭圆齿轮的设计 ...........................................................................................................27
4.1.1 椭圆齿轮的选择..................................................................................................27
4.1.2 椭圆齿轮的参数设计..........................................................................................27
4.2 箱体的设计......................................................................................................................29
4.3 其他零件的二维图及三维图..........................................................................................30
4.4 重要零件的连接情况......................................................................................................32
4.4.1 凸轮与摆动齿轮(左)的连接情况......................................................................32
4.4.2 摆动齿轮（左）和摆动齿轮（右）的连接......................................................34
4.4.3 椭圆齿轮的啮合情况..........................................................................................34
4.5 本章小结..........................................................................................................................35
第5章总结与展望
5.1 总结 ................................................................................................................................36
5.2 展望..................................................................................................................................37
致谢..........................................................................................................................................38参考文献....................................................................................................................................39附录一.........................................................................................................................................41

第1章绪论
1.1 论文的研究背景及意义
据FAO统计，2006年中国已成为世界上最大的蔬菜生产国，蔬菜产量约占世界总产量的49.6％[1]。20世纪80年代中期以来，随着蔬菜产销体制改革和种植业结构调整步伐的加快，全国蔬菜

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内容简介：: 浙江理工大学本科毕业设计（论文）任务书杨海龙同学（机械设计制造09（4）班）现下达毕业设计（论文）课题任务书，望能保质保量地认真按时完成。课题名称椭圆齿轮行星系大株距植苗机构的设计主要任务与目标植苗机构是将秧苗植入大田的最终机构，是旱田移栽机的核心工作部件，秧苗移栽后的立苗率和伤苗率是评定其性能的重要指标，直接影响秧苗成活率。主要任务:1、了解椭圆齿轮行星系大株距植苗机构的设计的目的，了解椭圆齿轮行星系大株距植苗机构的结构及特点，确定总体方案。2、椭圆齿轮行星系大株距植苗机构的运动学建模与分析。3、行星轮系的设计。4、栽植嘴及零部件的设计。目标：完成椭圆齿轮行星系大株距植苗机构的设计、安装、调试，并最终能使整套机构成为具有一定示范作用的装置。主要内容与基本要求主要设计内容有：1. 论述了国内外钵苗移栽机植苗机构的研究现状，分析了各植苗机的优缺点.2. 提出了椭圆齿轮行星系大株距植苗机构，建立了其运动学模型3. 提出椭圆齿轮行星系大株距植苗机构，选取栽植嘴运动轨迹4. 根据椭圆齿轮行星系大株距植苗机构结构设计基本要求：要求学生掌握：机械设计、理论力学、CAD等。按照课题内容，完成毕业设计要求的各种文档，包括文献综述、开题报告、外文翻译及毕业设计论文等。严格按照进度安排，保质保量完成所承担的任务；遵守实验室规定。主要参考资料及文献阅读任务查阅与课题有关的文献（论文、书籍或手册等）不少于10篇（部），写出符合要求的文献综述报告。主要参考文献如下：1 许文奎，韩文华，张国良.辽宁蔬菜产业的现状、问题及持续发展的对策J辽宁农业科学，2003，(02)：15172 国家发展改革委员会农业部全国蔬菜产业发展规划（20112020年）J中国蔬菜，2012，（5）：1123 冷杨，王娟娟，张真和中国入世十年蔬菜进出口贸易比较分析J中国蔬菜，2012，（17）：174 于修刚，袁文胜，吴崇友我国油菜移栽机研发现状与链夹式移栽机的改进J农机化研究，2011，(1)：2322345 王君玲，高玉芝，李成华旱地钵苗移栽机械化生产的现状及发展趋势J中国农机化，2003，(6)：12146 王君玲，高玉芝，李成华蔬菜移栽生产机械化现状与发展方向J农机化研究，2004，(02)：22287 高玉芝，王君玲，李成华我国旱地育苗移栽机械化面临的问题及应对措施J沈阳农业大学学报，2004，35（2）：1451478 封俊，顾世康，曾爱军，等中国玉米育苗栽植机械化的现状与问题J农业工程学报，1998，14(1):103l079 Shaw, L. N. Automatic transplanter for vegetablesJ. Proceedings of Florida State Horticultural Society,1997, 110:262263.10 封俊，顾世康，曾爱军，等栽植机的性能评价指标与检测方法J农业工程学报，1998，14(2):737711 张波屏现代种植机械工程M北京：机械工业出版社，1997：27528512 武科，陈永成，毕新胜几种典型的移栽机J新疆农机化，2009，3:121413 陈明蔬菜移栽机的发展概况及结构特性J农村牧区机械化，2010，(1)：293014 Satpathy, S. K., Garg, I. K. Effect of selected parameters on the performance of a semi-automatic vegetable transplanterJ. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 2008, 39(2):4751.外文翻译任务阅读2篇以上（10000字符左右）的外文材料，完成2000汉字以上的英译汉翻译。英文文献参考如上：计划进度：时间工作内容负责人2012.9.20分管院领导作毕业设计动员（教师）分管院长2012.9.20-2012.10.08毕业设计相关文件及规定学习、优秀毕业设计（论文）交流；确定教师所带人数、完成选题表、所级题目审核各系系主任2012.10.09-2012.10.15教学委员会题目审核、按专业毕业设计动员（学生）分管院长、学生线2012.10.16-2012.10.22学生选题各系系主任、各班班长2012.10.23-2012.10.29各所根据学生选题情况进行平衡调整，确定指导教师及各课题学生，上交毕业设计（论文）信息表。各系系主任2012.10.30-2012.11.06教师填写毕业设计任务书、确定外文阅读与翻译资料，并下达毕业设计任务指导教师2013.01.07-2013.02.25学生毕业设计调研，完成开题报告、文献综述、外文资料阅读、翻译任务指导教师2012.02.28-2013.03.03学生提交开题报告、文献综述及外文翻译初稿，指导教师审阅，提出修改意见指导教师2013.03.06 -2013.03.08各系进行开题报告答辩各系系主任2013.03.09 -2013.03.16指导教师布置具体设计任务，利用假期完成指导教师2013.03.17-2013.03.31本周开始，指导教师应对所指导的每位学生进行考核登记毕业设计前期检查：任务书、综述报告、开题报告、外文翻译院教学委员会、院督导组2013.04.01-2013.04.11按毕业设计任务书要求进行毕业设计指导教师2013.04.12-2013.04.24毕业设计中期检查：教师指导情况、学生完成情况、表格与记录的填写情况院教学委员会、院督导组2013.04.25-2013.05.09学生完成课题设计，提交毕业设计（论文）指导教师2013.05.10-2013.05.15指导教师完成所指导学生的毕业设计（论文）的审阅，写出评语，评出成绩；评议小组分组审阅，写出评语，评定成绩指导教师、各系评议组2013.05.20-2013.05.22学院分组进行答辩，由答辩小组给出评语及成绩答辩小组2013.05.27-2013.05.28二次答辩答辩小组2013.05.30-2013.05.31进行成绩综合评定，上报学生毕业设计（论文）成绩教学委员会实习地点指导教师签名年月日系意见系主任签名：年月日学院盖章主管院长签名：年月日3外文翻译毕业设计题目：椭圆齿轮行星系大株距植苗机构的设计原文1：正齿行星轮分插机构椭圆齿轮的计算机辅助设计译文1:Computer Aided Design of Oval Gear of Separatingplanting Mechanism with Planetary Gears of Non-eccentricity 原文2：钵苗移栽机椭圆齿轮行星系植苗机构运动学建模与分析译文2：Kinematics modeling and analysis of transplanting mechanism with planetary elliptic gears for pot seedling transplanterComputer Aided Design of Oval Gear of Separatingplanting Mechanism with Planetary Gears of Non-eccentricityAbstract： SeparatingPlanting Mechanism with Planetary Gears of Non-Eccentricity is a newtype mechanism The mechanism is constituted by three parts they are oval gear transmission division，planetary gear transmission division and plant the armBasic thought of designing is adopting oval gear transmission，choice the fit construction parameter to ensure Asymmetry transmission ratio and screw the angle relation of the request of transplant rice seedlingThe thesis will expatiate how to computer geometric pare meter of oval gear， analysis transmission character of oval gear，and ensure transmission ratio and Angle of pressure in the period of Engagement of oval gear.Key words： agricultural engineering；separating-planting mechanism with planetary gears of non-eccentricity；design；oval gear；computer aided design1. Transplanting Mechanism with Planetary Gears worksAs shown in Figure 1, the diagram of The Planetary Gears rice transplanter transplanting mechanism make up with four congruent the Zhengyuan gear and 3 congruent oval gear. 3 rotation center of the oval gear are in the focus of the oval ear, They have same initial phase. The center oval gear (3) (also called sun wheel) fixed . Gearbox (equivalent carrier) is drived by the central axis, the equivalent of a prime mover pieces rotate around the rotation center 0 of the sun wheel. Since the two oval gears (3) and (4) engages that caused the change of the transmission ratio, so the two planets circle gear that symmetrical arrangement are swinging back and forth, seedling claw move at the required posture (Angular displacement and trajectory). The basic idea of the design is use the non-uniform drive of oval gear pair and select the appropriate structural parameters to find the work trajectory, the take seedlings angle and the planting angle that meet planting requirements. 1. Planetary circular gear 2. Intermediate circular gear 3 Central oval gear 4. Intermediate oval gear 5. Seedling needleFigure 1 a schematic diagram of planetary gears Transplanting Mechanism2.Oval gear rotation relationshipFigures 2 and 3 as a pair of congruent oval gear meshing relationship diagram Figure 2 is the initial position of the elliptical gear drive capstan do uniform motion, when the one pair of congruent oval gear, the rotational speed of the wheel from moving periodically changes. Thus, the geometric characteristics of the oval gear only with eccentricity and fixed axis rotation relationship of the gear train and a pair of larger eccentricity the oval gear Vice corner relations are quite. Therefore, appropriately changing the eccentricity of the elliptical gears can meet the requirements of transplanting angular relationship. Elliptical gear drive transmission nature has laid a theoretical foundation for this article Transplanting Mechanism oval gear design of planetary gears.Figure 2 starting positionFigure 3 rotated position3. Oval gear design3.1 Oval gear pitch curve arc length calculationThe origin of the polar coordinate is taken at the oval lower focus 0, to the geometric center of the ellipse O, as the coordinate origin for a Cartesian coordinate system Oxy axis in the minor axis direction, Y axis in the long axis. That O center, the major axis of the ellipse radius for two circles radius a and minor radius b. Figure 4 shows the to diameter O i and the x-axis is y, it is the intersection of these two circles, respectively by i, i and j for the line parallel to the x axis, as a line parallel to the y axis by j the two lines intersect at M (x, y) based on the elliptical nature of the point M is a point on the ellipse. Terms of y angle variation of parameters, the parametric equation of the ellipse.Figure 4 oval gear pitch curve arc lengthKinematics modeling and analysis of transplanting mechanism with planetary elliptic gears for pot seedling transplanterAbstract：To analyze the working performance of the transplanting mechanism with planetary elliptic gears for pot seedling trans planter which was proposed in this paper，the kinematic model of this mechanism was established， and the equations of(angular)displacement，(angular)velocity and(angular)acceleration for transplanting tip were deducedOn this basis，the kinematic simulation and optimization software of the mechanism was compiled by Visual Basic 6.0Besides，the influence of several main parameters on the working performance of the mechanism was analyzed by this softwareThese main parameters included the semimajor axis of elliptic gear，the ratio between minor axis and major axis，the initial installation angle of the planet carrier and row spacingAnd working perform ances included hole size，trajectory attitude of transplanting tip and its verticality，and operational stability of the mechanismAccording to the analysis results，a group of preferable mechanical parameters were obtained The corresponding working performance，such as the trajectory and posture of transplanting tip，can meet the agricultural demands of vegetable seedling transplanting with smaller speed fluctuation and acceleration fluctuation in comparison with reciprocating transplanting mechanismKey word：mechanisms，kinematics，models，pot seedling transplanter，transplanting mechanism，planetary elliptic gears, parametric analysisIndexing languageAbout 60% of the global vegetable varieties grown by transplanting seedlings. China is the worlds largest vegetable production country, however, almost all seedling planting done by hand, not only labor-intensive, but another poor quality of the planting. Vegetable transplanting mechanization is the future direction of development.Uenae institutions is one of the core components of seedling transplanting machine. The 2 lines of semi-automatic vegetable transplanting machine of Japanese Iseki use seven institutions to achieve uenae,.I also proposed leveraged zero speed seedling transplanting mechanism. These two kinds of institutions are able to meet uenae agronomic requirements, but all of them belong to the reciprocating institutions.It is inertial force when operating and the machine vibration powerful. The hanging cup or basket Uenae institutions are rotary Uenae institutions. The advantage is that the force of inertia is small and planting mouth is always down in the process of transplanting. But its trajectory is trochoidal, therefore it generates big Xuekou, specifically when large plant spacing the casing and the repression device immediately followed it is easy to tear down the seedling has been implanted in the soil.The single-line automatic vegetable transplanting machine ofJapan Yanmar use the planets round of connecting rod groove cam mechanism to meet the agronomic requirements of Uenae. It is complicated in structure.This paper presents a seedling transplanting machine elliptical the Planetary Gears rotary Uenae institutions. It is through establish analysis model and parameter optimization to let It meet agronomic requirements of the seedling transplanting and the operating speed and acceleration fluctuations is small, operation is stable, and high efficiency.1.The seedling transplanting machine Elliptic Gears the galaxy Uenae institutionsPlanetary Elliptic Gears of seedling transplanting machine the rotary Uenae institutions diagram. Job oval sun gear 3 fixed fixed sprocket shaft 1, driven by Carrier Rotating 2, Oval sun gear, intermediate the oval gear 5 and planets oval gear meshing, 7 relative to the planet carrier of the planetary axle 2 to do the opposite direction of the non-uniform rotation, the absolute motion of non-uniform periodic swing.Since the planting mouth (including inner semi planting nozzle 8, the outer semi planting nozzles 9, the recess 10, the pin 11, roller 12 and the spring 14) consolidation in the the planetary axle 7 on . mouth and planetary axle 7, so planting do absolutelystatic trajectory and the trajectory of the swing movement for periodically non-uniform, forming a planting mouth.Inside and outside the two semi planting mouth respectively with a recess 10 and the pin 11, when planted nozzle 8 of the inner half-orbiting planet shaft 7 is rotated a certain angle, the outer half planted nozzles 9 in the opposite direction bypass the planetary wheel shaft 7 rotated samethe size of the angle to achieve together planting the mouth in the open.Inner half planting the opening of the nozzle 8 through which the upper roller L2 and fixed in the planet carrier 2, on the face cam 13 relative rotation to achieve, While the return is to rely on the elastic force of the spring 14, the spring 14, two respectively hanging inner semi planting planting mouth of the nozzle 8 and the outer half 9.When the planet carrier to the top (Figure 1a position), the take seedlings bodies will be removed from the bowl disc seedling into the planting mouth; planet carrier and then turned l 80o around, planting the mouth is in the lowest position and fully openown weight to be implanted into the excavated Xuekou seedling, and then make the casing filling pressure, to complete the planting process.Planting mouth opening closed in the direction perpendicular to the forward direction of the machine, not overturned has been implanted in the soil in the seedling.Uenae agencies revolution Uenae 2, high efficiency, small vibration.2. The oval gear planetary Uenae institutions Kinematics ModelAs shown in Figure 1b, the establishment of the point D as the origin, the horizontal direction as an axis, the vertical direction as the y-axis coordinate system (due Uenae mechanism is symmetrical and therefore only the analysis unilateral, the other side differ by 180.)To facilitate analysis, the relevant parameters and their descriptions are listed in Table 1.正齿行星轮分插机构椭圆齿轮的计算机辅助设计摘要：正齿行星轮分插机构是一种新型高速分插机构，由椭圆齿轮传动部分、正齿轮行星轮传动部分和栽植臂组成。其设计的基本思想采用椭圆齿轮副传动，选择合适的结构参数来形成插秧要求的非匀速传动比及转角关系。为此，主要论述如何利用计算机确定分插机构中椭圆齿轮的几何参数、椭圆齿轮副的传动性质，以及轮齿的齿廓在啮合过程中能保证要求的转动比、合适的压力角等。关键词：农业工程；正齿行星轮分插机构；设计；椭圆齿轮；计算机辅助设计分插机构是水稻插秧机的核心部件，其性能的分插机构是水稻插秧机的核心部件，其性能的插机构是一种新型高速分插机构(专利号982454945)，其工作机理是通过椭圆齿轮的不等速传动比达到插秧所需的运动轨迹与加工是正齿行星轮分插机构的重要组成部。1 正齿行星轮分插机构工作原理正齿行星轮水稻插秧机分插机构的简图如图1所示，由4个全等正圆齿轮和3个全等椭圆齿轮组成。3个椭圆齿轮的回转中心均在椭圆齿轮的焦点上，初始相位相同。中心椭圆齿轮(3)(也叫太阳轮)固定不动，工作时齿轮箱(相当行星架)在中心轴的带动下，相当于一个原动件绕太阳轮的回转中心0转动。由于是两个椭圆齿轮(3)和(4)啮合，引起传动比的变化，因此对称布置的两个行星圆齿轮做往复摆动，秧爪按要求的姿态(角位移和轨迹)运动。其设计的基本思想为用椭圆齿轮副非匀速比传动，通过选择合适的结构参数，就可找到满足插秧要求的工作轨迹、取秧角和插秧角。1.行星圆齿轮 2.中间圆齿轮 3.中心椭圆齿轮4.中间椭圆齿轮 5.秧针图1 正齿行星轮分插机构示意图2 椭圆齿轮传动转角关系图2 和图3 为一对全等的椭圆齿轮啮合关系图。图2 是椭圆齿轮传动的初始位置当一对全等的圆齿轮传动时主动轮做匀速运动则从动轮的转速呈周期性变化椭圆齿轮副的传动比函数。由此可见椭圆齿轮的几何特性仅与偏心率有关且定轴轮系的转角关系和一对偏心率较大的椭圆齿轮副的转角关系相当因此适当改变椭圆齿轮的偏心率就能满足插秧要求的转角关系椭圆齿轮传动这种传动性质为本文正齿行星轮分插机构椭圆齿轮的设计奠定了理论基础。图2 起始位置图3 旋转后位置3 椭圆齿轮的设计3.1 椭圆齿轮节曲线弧长的计算将极坐标的原点取在椭圆的下焦点O 以椭圆的几何中心 O为坐标原点作直角坐标系 Oxy x 轴在椭圆短轴方向y 轴在长轴方向以O 为圆心椭圆的长轴半径a 及短轴半径

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