立体库.dwg
立体库.dwg

柔性制造系统输送及仓储单元研制设计[三维SW]【含全套CAD图纸】【答辩毕业资料】

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柔性制造系统输送及仓储单元研制[三维SW]【含全套CAD图纸】【答辩毕业资料】.rar
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3D-SW
流水线
L02-40X40B.SLDPRT
L02-40X80 - .SLDPRT
L04-角件.SLDPRT
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M02-托物托带薄板.SLDPRT
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M04-摄像头固定处.SLDPRT
码垛机
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M5.sldprt
MCGL25_5_5-联轴器.sldprt
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MCSLC40_8_12.sldasm
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S-Y轴.SLDASM
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S02-转动轴加固板.SLDPRT
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S07-z轴组件1.SLDPRT
s08-z轴盖板.SLDPRT
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S18-Z轴丝杠.SLDPRT
S19-转轴轴承座锁紧.SLDPRT
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S21-z轴筋板.SLDASM
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S35-x轴线性导轨固定铁块.SLDPRT
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S37-X滚珠丝杠32固定座.SLDPRT
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S40-x轴两端封板2 .SLDPRT
S43-Y滚珠丝杠32固定座.SLDPRT
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SBR20SA-滑块.SLDPRT
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S卡簧.SLDPRT
S旋转轴圆筒.SLDPRT
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S旋转轴法兰盘.SLDPRT
S旋转轴键.SLDPRT
S电机轴.SLDPRT
S码垛机.SLDASM
X轴电机座.SLDPRT
X轴薄板.SLDPRT
X轴轴承.SLDPRT
X轴轴承座SLDPRT.SLDPRT
Y轴底座01.SLDPRT
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Z轴支撑板01.SLDPRT
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Z轴支撑板03.SLDPRT
Z轴轴承法兰.SLDPRT
旋转轴2.SLDASM
旋转轴电机座.SLDPRT
旋转轴电机座02.SLDPRT
滚珠丝杠20.SLDPRT
滚珠丝杠32.SLDPRT
电机38-01.SLDPRT
电机56-03.SLDPRT
直线导轨x轴B=30.SLDPRT
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直线导轨Y轴B=20.SLDPRT
直线导轨Y轴B=20A .SLDPRT
角接触轴承S700.SLDPRT
立体库
l01-铝型材20x40.SLDPRT
L02-40X40.SLDPRT
L06-货物板.SLDPRT
L08-端盖.SLDPRT
L10-铝型材20x20.SLDPRT
L11-20x20角件.SLDPRT
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L15-货物支撑板2.SLDPRT
L17-角铁连接件40x20.SLDPRT
L19-脚掌焊接件.SLDASM
S41-x轴两端封板 .SLDPRT
S42-Z轴薄板.SLDPRT
立体库-2.SLDASM
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摘  要
科学技术的飞速发展,正在把人类推向信息时代。但是,面对着加工业70%—80%的中小批量生产的经济结构,如何达到自动化的目的,一直是工业界探索的课题。数控机床问世虽为这部分工厂自动化创造了条件,但实践证明,独立、分散的单机自动化解决不了传统批量生产所固有的生产率同生产柔性、加工批量同制造成本、生产同市场变化之间的矛盾,必须寻找更完善的自动生产体系。FMS就是在这种追求下诞生的。其优势在于把生产率同生产柔性、加工批量同制造成本、先进技术同科学管理高度统一起来。从而提高产品制造柔性,提高效率缩短生产周期,降低能耗及成本,节约设备占地面积。在柔性制造系统中采用全自动化生产,减少了认为的因素一次也提高了产品的精度。以上可见,柔性制造系统以上优点是如今制造业中非常需要的。
关键词:柔性制造;立体库;码垛机;流水线


Abstract
   The rapid development of science and technology, human to the information age. But,Processing industry 70% -80% of the face of the economic structure of the small and medium volume, how to achieve the purpose of automation has been the industry to explore the subject.Although the advent of CNC machine tools to create the conditions for this part of the factory automation,but practice has proved that independent, decentralized stand-alone automation can not solve the productivity inherent in traditional mass production with the production of flexible processing the same batch manufacturing costs, the contradiction between production and market changes, we must find better automatic production system.FMS is born in this pursuit.The advantage of the productivity with flexible production, processing and batch manufacturing costs, with advanced technology with scientific management of highly unified.Thereby increasing manufacturing flexibility, improve efficiency, shorten the production cycle, reduce energy consumption and cost saving equipment footprint.Fully automated production, reducing the human factors and therefore improve the accuracy of the product in a flexible manufacturing system.Above that, the advantages of flexible manufacturing systems is much needed in the manufacturing industry today.
Key words: Flexible manufacturing; stereo storage; palletizer; pipeline
目  录
摘  要
Abstract
第一章 绪  论 1
1.1 柔性制造背景 1
1.2 柔性制造的工作流程 1
第二章 立体库的设计 3
2.1 立体库优点及功能 3
2.2 国内立体库发展趋势 3
2.3立体库的外形 3
2.4 立体库各部分材料选择 4
2.4.1 底座材料选择与外形设计 4
2.4.2 立体库主体设计 6
2.4.3 托盘设计 8
2.5 立体库储存能力及主要设备 9
2.5.1 立体库储存能力计算 9
2.5.2 主要设备 9
第三章 流水线的设计 10
3.1 流水线的工作原理 10
3.1.1 流水线的工作原理及流程图 10
3.2 电路中主要元器件的介绍 11
3.2.1 对射开关的原理及应用 11
3.2.2 CCD颜色尺寸检测单元工作原理及应用 11
3.2.3 PLC及其扩展单元 12
3.3 流水线系统控制 13
3.3.1 流水线电机正反转控制 13
3.3.2 流水线电机启动/停止控制 13
3.4 流水线设计 13
3.4.1 流水线技术参数 13
3.4.2 CCD检测单元支架设计 14
3.4.3 对射开关 16
第四章 四自由度码垛机 21
4.1 码垛机简介 21
4.1.1 码垛机性能参数 21
4.1.2 四自由度的实现 21
4.1.3 线性滑台简介 22


4.2 码垛机各部分设计安装 23
4.2.1 底座设计 23
4.2.2 底座高度尺寸计算 24
4.2.3 底座设计方案与材料选择 25
4.3 码垛机控制箱的设计 28
4.3.1 码垛机控制箱位置摆放 28
4.3.2 控制箱内电器元件 28
4.3.3 控制箱外形设计及材料选择 29
4.4 机械爪的设计 29
4.4 主要电器元件介绍 35
第五章 外部控制系统 36
第六章 结束语 38
参考文献 39
致  谢 40


第一章 绪  论
1.1 柔性制造系统的背景
随着科学技术的迅速发展,新产品不断涌现,产品的复杂程度也随之增加,而产品的市场寿命日益缩短,更新换代加速,中、小批量生产占有越来越重要的地位。面临这—新的局面,必须大幅度提高制造柔性和生产效率,缩短生产周期,保证产品质量,降低能耗,从而降低生产成本,以获得更好的经济效益。柔性制造系统正是在这种形势下应运而生的。从机械制造行业来看现在FMS不仅能完成机械加工而且还能完成钣金加工、锻造、焊接、装配、铸造和激光、电火花等特种加工以及喷漆、热处理、注塑和橡胶模制等工作。FMS相对于传统加工有以下优点:


内容简介:
浙江理工大学本科毕业设计(论文)任务书王建 同学(机械设计制造09(4)班 ) 现下达毕业设计(论文)课题任务书,望能保质保量地认真按时完成。课题名称柔性加工系统仓储及输送单元主要任务与目标柔性制造系统是由数控加工设备、物料运储装置和计算机控制系统等组成的自动化制造系统。它包括多个柔性制造单元,能根据制造任务或生产环境的变化迅速进行调整,以适宜于多品种、中小批量生产。它通过简单地改变软件的方法能够制造出多种零件中任何一种零件。流水线、码垛机、立体库是一整个柔性制造系统中重要部分,扮演着取存,运输毛胚、成品,识别废品的重要角色。需要完成通过码垛机在立体库上取毛胚,放在流水线上,在运到加工中心。完成的产品的检测及成品重新放在立体库的成品库的一整个过程。该同学在本课题中主要任务是:1、了解柔性制造系统仓储及输送单元研制目的。理解柔性制造系统仓储及输送单元及其特点。确定完整系统总体方案。2、相关装置型号选定。3、完成流水线、码垛机、立体库的设计。4、完成检测单元传感器的选型调试及整个系统的调试。目标:确定完整可行的系统总体方案,控制电机及控制方法选择,相应传感器的选择,完成流水线、码垛机、立体库的设计,整个系统的调试。主要内容与基本要求主要设计内容有:1、了解柔性制造系统仓储及输送单元研制目的。理解柔性制造系统仓储及输送单元及其特点。确定完整系统总体方案。2、相关装置型号选定。3、完成流水线、码垛机、立体库的设计。4、完成检测单元传感器的选型调试及整个系统的调试。基本要求:要求学生掌握:机械设计、理论力学、吉电传动控制、CAD等。按照课题内容,完成毕业设计要求的各种文档,包括文献综述、开题报告、外文翻译及毕业设计论文等。严格按照进度安排,保质保量完成所承担的任务;遵守实验室规定。主要参考资料及文献阅读任务查阅与课题有关的文献(论文、书籍或手册等)不少于10篇(部),写出符合要求的文献综述报告。主要参考文献如下:1P柔性加工系统的发展状况 石玉良 沈阳自动车床研究所 1100522柔性制造系统的关键技术及发展趋势 徐坤 黑龙江工程学院工程训练中心 1500503柔性制造系统及其运用 高红 沈阳工程学院工程系 1101364.柔性制造技术发展现状及趋势研究 中国石油开发技术有限公司 北京5. Simultaneous scheduling of machines and automated guided vehicles in flexible manufacturing systems using genetic algorithms I.A.Chaudhry S.Mahmood M.Shami6.PLC Controlling System of Transportation Manipulator and Simulation Debugging Weina Han, Liwei Liu,2005,20(3):20-227 基于PLC控制的柔性制造系统的研究 - 河北软件职业技术学院学报 - 2007, 9(4)8 基于柔性制造系统的自动立体仓库建立 - 中国制造业信息化 - 2003, 32(5)9 工业以太网在工业控制中应用的探讨 - 信息技术 - 2009(6) 10 Tool management systems design for flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) Ranky, Paul G. 外文翻译任务阅读2篇以上(10000字符左右)的外文材料,完成2000汉字以上的英译汉翻译。英文文献参考如上:计划进度:时 间工 作 内 容负 责 人2012.9.20分管院领导作毕业设计动员(教师)分管院长2012.9.20-2012.10.08毕业设计相关文件及规定学习、优秀毕业设计(论文)交流;确定教师所带人数、完成选题表、所级题目审核各系系主任2012.10.09-2012.10.15教学委员会题目审核、按专业毕业设计动员(学生)分管院长、学生线2012.10.16-2012.10.22学生选题各系系主任、各班班长2012.10.23-2012.10.29各所根据学生选题情况进行平衡调整,确定指导教师及各课题学生,上交毕业设计(论文)信息表。各系系主任2012.10.30-2012.11.06教师填写毕业设计任务书、确定外文阅读与翻译资料,并下达毕业设计任务指导教师2012.11.07-2012.12.27学生毕业设计调研,完成开题报告、文献综述、外文资料阅读、翻译任务指导教师2012.12.28-2013.01.03学生提交开题报告、文献综述及外文翻译初稿,指导教师审阅,提出修改意见指导教师2013.01.04-2013.01.11各系进行开题报告答辩各系系主任2013.01.12-2013.02.11指导教师布置具体设计任务,利用假期完成指导教师2013.02.12-2013.02.19本周开始,指导教师应对所指导的每位学生进行考核登记毕业设计前期检查:任务书、综述报告、开题报告、外文翻译院教学委员会、院督导组2013.02.20-2013.04.04按毕业设计任务书要求进行毕业设计指导教师2013.04.05-2013.04.11毕业设计中期检查:教师指导情况、学生完成情况、表格与记录的填写情况院教学委员会、院督导组2013.04.12-2013.05.09学生完成课题设计,提交毕业设计(论文)指导教师2013.05.10-2013.05.15指导教师完成所指导学生的毕业设计(论文)的审阅,写出评语,评出成绩;评议小组分组审阅,写出评语,评定成绩指导教师、各系评议组2013.05.20-2013.05.22学院分组进行答辩,由答辩小组给出评语及成绩答辩小组2013.05.27-2013.05.28二次答辩答辩小组2013.05.30-2013.05.31进行成绩综合评定,上报学生毕业设计(论文)成绩教学委员会实习地点指导教师签 名年 月 日系 意 见系主任签名:年 月 日 学院盖章主管院长签名:年 月 日3 The Design of Stereoscopic Warehouse Stacker Motionand Control SystemAbstract. With the continuous improvement of industrial automation, automated warehouse has been widely used in various industries to improve the production efficiency and Logistics speed to a great extent. As an essential equipment of automated warehouse, stacker working efficiency and stable performance will affect the usability of the warehouse directly. This essay studies the tunnel type stacking in machine speed control system of an automated warehouse, and analysis its motion curves. Then we combine it with the stackers composite material structure to guarantee better motion control accuracy and motion reliability.Keywords: stereoscopic warehouse, stacker, motion control.1 IntroductionModern automated warehouse is a modern warehouse which uses high-dimensional shelf to store materials, and to control management by computers and making access role by automatic stacking trucks. In recent years, stereoscopic warehouses has highly improved related enterprises production and logistics speed. Stacker is an important and indispensable equipment in a stereoscopic warehouse, its working efficiency and stable function affects stereoscopic warehouse efficiency and economic benefits fundamentally. As a whole, stackers evaluation performance includes:lifting speed, running speed, goods forking speed, and stability and address recognition accuracy. Among all the evaluation performances, the stackers speed is the essential factor, because it can control can deeply affect the stability, the vibration situation, and address recognition accuracy of stackers operation. So, making In-depth research in stackers motion situation and speed control system is extremely important, it can help us to make sackers with highefficiency, more stable and larger motion range.2 Motion Control of the Stacker2.1 AbstractAn stackers motion control technology mainly reflects in its motion speed control,Nowadays there are several methods of stackers motion speed control, as beenshowed below:1) Multi-range speed control mode. This control mode is built in a certain usage foundation. When its working, we must consider the stackers actual control need and it also can use sub-file operation mode according to relevant experience. To a large extent, this mode needs coordination exercise control and it also requires dealing with Inverters performance.2) Using inverter to complete the closed-loop speed stacker and stacker control displacements open-loop control, usually, the Stackers ideal motion curve can be concluded to Standard acceleration and deceleration curves. After one motions experimental curve being confirmed, it can be stored in a stored and we can use PLC to control the inverter to change the motion curve, thus we achieve the purpose of accurate speed and stop.3) There are some problems in the turning point in speed and acceleration switch of stacker movement functions. To solve this problem, we can use the fuzzy control technology to make reasonable improvement.A mechanical processing factorys warehouse is mainly used for mould、the storage of semi-finished products and finished products processing. It has the function of automatic management store items. The deposit product for stacker deposit requirement is taken must be fast, stable and reliable. The control system adopts PLC as the master components; it has a greater flexibility and high reliability. Warehouse stacker uses common stacker machine, the weight is of 0.25-1.5 tons, and its operation speed is from twenty five to one hundred and eighty meters per minute. It mainly composed of the body, the level of operating agencies, vertical hoisting mechanism, telescopic fork loading station and institutions and several other components. The main structure of stacker machine is as shown in figure 1 below: Fig. 1. Stacker machines main structure2.2 The Set of the Velocity of the StackerFrom the main structure of stacker machine ,we can also know, tuckers major sports includes three basic action, these are:level of movement mechanism、the vertical lifting mechanisms up and down movement、adjustable action in goods fork telescopic machine. So, stackers final task efficiency, its movement and performance is also decided by these three movements of the basic control degree. When stacking machine is moving, to ensure the movement is smooth and reliable, we must ensure that the stop registration of movements accuracy and its movements flatness by some certain control strategy. The method of motion speed is to adjust the operating curve, and then stored it in control memory. When PLC is controlling the motion, through changing the curve which is stored in the inverter we can achieve the purpose of accurate speed and stop.Level speed setting mechanism is settled for four gears, these are crawling, low speed, middle and high speed. When PLC is controlling the motion, it receives the destination address from a controller, then it Compare the current address to the destination address, and calculate the distance from current address distance to destination address. Make a goods distance as a unit distance. When the distance is larger than six units distance, it use the motion mode of curve a, and use proper acceleration speed when starts and stops, to ensure the precision of the prospective stop. It also use maximum speed to operate in the middle location. Thus it can improve the efficiency. When the distance is less than six units distance yet greater than two units distance, it use the motion mode of curve b. And when the distance is less than two units distance, it use the motion mode of curve c.Fig. 2. The graph of level mechanisms speedSimilarly, the vertical lifting operation of lifting mechanism sets three different speeds. When the operation is normal, it adopts high speed to improve efficiency. When it approaches the target, it down to low speed in order to raise the stop precision. Vertical lifting mechanisms speed curve is as shown in Fig. 3:Fig. 3. The graph of Vertical lifting mechanismThe role of the fork telescopic machine goods is through the telescopic movement to put corresponding goods to goods box. The speed of expansion movement can not be too fast, so it can reduce the impact of the equipment action. In this system, adjustable speed of goods fork is been settled to two gears, normal expansion speed is 10 m/min speed, and when is close to the goods the speed is 4m/min.2.3 Positioning Control of StackerBesides controlling the motion speed, stackers positioning control directly affects the stop precision. So, the position control of stacker system is an important indicator of stacker motion control system.Stackers positioning control includes the above three positioning accuracy of motion organizations, among them, the level address system is the foundation of stackers motion position. Its function deeply affects the stackers working efficiency and mechanical properties. In the motion aspect, the stackers access to goods is very frequent, so it requires high efficiency and positioning correct in motion. From stacker mechanical structure, the stacker which used this system can move heavier goods. So it requires when a stacker is in acceleration and deceleration, column of the deformation must be in the allowable range.As for stackers automatic control system, automatic stop bit is the most fundamental question. Now the widely used reorganization address location technology, it can be divided into photoelectric sensor address technology, rotary encoder address technology and laser ranging address technology in general. This system uses the photoelectric sensor obtain address, uses the recognition of address and machine of address to compose the stackers automatic device of address. It also uses relative obtain address, that means uses photoelectric switch when passing the corresponding goods position, through the photoelectric sensor to produce electrical impulses, according to different moving direction, to address code add one or minus one operation, use PLC count to record the current address,. In the car body, we put two position different photoelectric switches. When PLC captures the first switchs moves, it makes car body to slow down; when it captures the second switch moves, it makes the car body stop. The motion control method vertical movement mechanism, goods fork telescopic machine and level control method is similar. The location of the device level control is as shown in Fig.4: Fig. 4. Level control positioning schemeAs the scheme shows, when it making horizon movement, PLC figures out the distance from current position to the target position. In place of the other position before the orientation patch is used to count, after getting to the destination address, the first action photoelectric switches, car body slows down, through reasonable control of haste and slow acceleration, to ensure when the latter photoelectric switch moves, then the car body just stop. Thus, it can guarantee the car body operates in reasonable speed and acceleration. Slow speed operation time is short. This improves the operation condition of the motor to greater extent. It also has much advantage in reliability and stability of the system.3 Conclusion These above design process ensure the stacker machine movements performance in movement of speed and positioning accuracy. After the motion control method being used in the actual operation of the factory warehouse, it get a good effect. But as for the influence on the performance of the movement in actual movement speed and acceleration, we still need making deeper analysis to a large extent.立体仓库码垛机的设计及控制系统摘要:随着工业化的不断提高,自动化立体仓库已被广泛应用于各个行业,在很大程度上提高了生产效率和物流速度。作为必不可少的设备的自动化立体仓库,码垛机的工作效率和稳定的性能将直接影响仓库的可用性。本文研究了巷道式码垛机的速度控制系统的自动化立体仓库,分析其运动曲线。然后,我们把它与堆垛机的复合材料结构,以保证更好的运动控制精度和运动的可靠性。1关键词:立体仓库,堆垛机,运动控制。 现代自动化立体仓库是一个现代化的仓库,它采用立体货架存储材料,并控制由计算机和访问管理的作用,自动码垛。近年来,立体仓库,高度提高了相关企业的生产和物流速度。在立体仓库,码垛机是不可缺少的重要设备,它的工作效率和稳定的功能从根本上影响立体仓库的工作效率和经济效益。作为一个整体,堆垛机性能评估包括:提升速度,运行速度快,商品分叉速度,稳定和地址的识别精度。在所有的评价性能,码垛机的速度是重要的因素,因为它可以控制可以深刻地影响稳定性,振动的情况下,堆叠器的操作和地址识别精度。所以,在码垛机的运动情况和速度控制系统的深入研究是非常重要的,它可以帮助我们使码垛机具有高效率,更稳定和更大的运动范围。2码垛机的运动控制2.1摘要堆垛机的运动控制技术主要体现在它的运动速度控制,现在有几种方法堆垛机运动速度控制,显示如下:1) 多范围的速度控制模式。这种控制方式是建立在一定的使用基础。它的工作时,我们必须考虑堆垛机的实际控制需要,并根据相关的经验,也可以使用子文件操作模式。在很大程度上,这种模式需要协调运动的控制,同时也需要处理与逆变器的性能。2) 通常情况下,使用变频器来完成闭环高速码垛机,码垛机控制位移的开环控制,码垛机的理想运动曲线可以得出结论为标准的加速和减速曲线。一个运动的实验曲线被证实后,它可以存储在存储,我们可以用PLC控制变频器来改变运动曲线,从而实现精确的速度和停止的目的。3) 在堆垛机移动功能的开关速度和加速度的转折点也存在一些问题。为了解决这个问题,我们可以采用模糊控制技术,使合理的改善。机械化立体仓库主要用于模具,储存的半成品和成品加工。它具自动管理存储项目的功能,立体化仓库储存产品要求必须具有快速、稳定、可靠性。控制系统采用PLC作为主要部件,它有更大的柔性和高的可靠性。仓库码垛机使用常见的码垛机,重量为0.25-1.5吨,其运算速度是每分钟25180米。它构架主要部分,水平的经营机构,垂直起升机构,伸缩臂叉装车站和机构等几个部分组成。堆垛机的主要结构的示出在图1所示: 图1 码垛机主要构架2.2码垛机的速度集 从码垛机的主要构架我们可以知道,码垛机的主要运动包括三个基本动作,它们是:水平,垂直升降机构运行机制的向上和向下运动,可调货叉伸缩机的行动。因此,码垛机的最终任务的效率,它的运动和性能还决定于这三个运动的基本控制程度。当码垛机运动时,我们必须确保运动的平稳于可靠。我们也必须通过一些策略来控制它运动的精度于平整度。这种方法是调整过的速度曲线存到储存器中。当PLC控制的运动,通过改变储存在逆变器中的曲线来达到精确控制速度和听的目的。 速度等级设置四档,爬行,低速,中高速。当PLC控制的运动,它从控制器接收目的地址,然后,它比较当前地址到目的地址,并计算距离从当前地址到目的地址的距离。使货物的地址作为一个单位地址,当该距离大于六个单位的距离时,它使用的曲线a的运动模式,在启动和停止时使用适当的加速度,以确保准停止精度。它还使用最大速度在中间的位置进行操作。因此,可以提高工作效率。当该距离小于6个单位的距离大于两个单元的距离,它使用曲线b的运动模式。当距离小于两个单位的距离,使用曲线c的运动模式。图2 水平运动速度 同样地,在垂直升降的升降机构的操作设置三种不同的速度。当操作是正常的,它采用高速,以提高效率。当它接近目标时,它下降到低转速,以提高的停止精度。垂直升降机构的速度曲线图3所示:图3 垂直升降图 叉伸缩机的作用是通过叉伸缩运动把货物送到正确的位置。扩展运动的速度不能太快,它可以降低设备的动作的影响。在这个系统中,速度可调的货叉被算到两个齿轮,正常扩张速度是10米/分钟的速度,并且当接近速度为4m/min的货物。2.3定位控制码垛机除了控制运动速度,码垛机的定位控制直接影响到停止精度。因此,堆垛机运动控制系统,堆垛机的位置控制系统的一个重要指标。码垛机定位控制包括上述三个定位精度的运动组织,其中,地址系统的基础码垛机运动位置。其功能深深影响的堆垛机的工作效率和机械性能。在运动方面,货物堆垛机的访问是很频繁的,因此需要高效率和定位正确的运动。由于码垛机的机械结构使得它可以搬用较重的产品。因此,码垛机是在加速和减速时,柱的变形必须是在允许范围内。堆垛机的自动控制系统,自动停机位是最根本的问题。现在广泛使用的重组的地址位置技术,它一般可分为光电传感器址技术,旋转编码器地址技术和激光测距址技术。此系统使用的光电传感器获取地址,使用的地址组成的堆叠器的自动装置的地址的地址和机器的识别。它也使用相对获取地址,这意味着使用光电开关,通过相应的货物的位置时,通过光电传感器,以产生电脉冲,根据不同的移动方向,以解决代码加1或减一操作,使用PLC计数记录当前地址。在车身上,我们把两个位置不同的光电开关。当PLC捕捉到的第一个开关的动作,它使车身放慢,它抓住了第二次的开关动作时,它使车身停止。垂直运动机构的运动控制方法,货叉伸缩机和电平控制的方法是相似的。电平控制的位置如图3所示:图3 水平位置控制方案 按计划显示,当它使地平线运动,PLC的距离计算出从当前位置到目标位置。在其他位置的方向修补程式之前,后到目的地址是用来计数的,第一个动作光电开关,车身减慢,通过合理控制加速和减速加速,以确保后者光电开关动作,然后在车身上就停止了。因此,它可以保证车体工作在合理的速度和加速度。速度慢的操作时间很短。这更大程度上提高电机的运转状态。它有很大的优势在于该系统的可靠性和稳定性。3结论这些上述的设计过程中的运动速度和定位精度确保堆叠器的运动性能。运动控制方法运用在实际操作中的工厂仓库后,取得了良好的效果。但在实际的运动速度和加速度的运动性能的影响,我们还需要在很大程度上更深入的分析。The flexible manufacturing systemThe flexible manufacturing system(FMS) train points to have the high manufacturing system of the automation degree.The FMS speak about usually means in the lot size, batch size machining of metals currently with the forerunners automation and Gao level of flexible is the manufacturing system of target.Along with society to product diversification, the low manufacturing cost and short manufacturing periods etc.s need be gradually urgent, the FMS deveolps very and quickly, and because of micro-electronics technique, calculator technique, correspondence technique, machinery and the development of controlgear, also urge flexible manufacturing technique day attain mature, in 80s after, the manufacturing industry automation gets into for a brand-new ages, namely according to calculator of integrated manufacturing(CIMS) ages, the FMS has become the national machinery manufacturing of each industrialization to automate of develop and deveolp point. A, scale Press the scale all of the FMSs can be is divided into as follows 4 types: 1.Flexible Manufacturing Cellular(FMC) The FMC publish and use to invite ratio FMS late in the manufacturing for 68 years, it is processed a centre, industrial robot by 12 and counts to control engine bed and material carrying to save to store equipments composing and have an adaptation to process have another species product of vivid.The FMC can be regarded as a FMS with minimum scale, is a FMS to cheap turn and small scaled turn direction development and a kind of outcome, its characteristics is to carry out single machine flexible turn and automate, have already get into up to the present universal application step. 2.Flexible Manufacturing System(FMS) Usually include 4 or more full-automatic numbers to control engine bed(process centre and truning centre etc.), from concentrate the handling system of control system and material to connect, can under the sistuation that not shut down realization have another species, in process of small lot size, batch size and manage. 3.Flexible Manufacturing Line(FML) It is be placed in the quantisty not- flexible and automatic line of single or little species large quantity with medium small lot size, batch size have another of species FMS of manufacturing line.It processes an equipments and can be an in general use earth, ground to process a centre, CNC engine bed;May also adopt definite purpose engine bed or NC definite purpose engine bed, have low request at the FMS to the system flexible earth, ground of the material handling, but the rate of manufacturing be higher.It with the long-lost type produce medium flexible manufacturing system with connect the control system(DCS) of the dispersion type within manufacturing line is representative, its characteristics is to carry out manufacturing line flexible turn and automate, its technique already the day attain mature, have already got into application to turn step up to the present. 4.Flexible Manufacturing Factory(FMF) The FMF connects several FMSs, go together with to automate stereoscopic storehouse, use the progress contact of the calculator system, adoption from order, design, process, assemble, examine, deliver to hair goods of complete FMS.It included CAD/CAM, and make calculator integrated to make system(CIMS) devotion physically, realization manufacturing the system be flexible to turn and automate and then carry out whole plant the manufacturing control, product of the scope to process and the material store completely turn of the luck progress.The FMF is the tallest level that the automation produce and the reflection is most born the top of the boundary the forerunners automation application a technique.It is manufacturing, product development and management the automation of management connect into one whole, with information stream control substance stream of intelligence manufacturing system(IMS) is representative, its characteristics is to carry out works flexible turn and automate. Two, key technique 1.Computer Aided Design, CAD The CAD technique development will lead into the expert system in the future, make it have intelligence to turn, can treat various complicated question.At present design a latest of the technique breakthrough is that the light is quick stereoscopic forming technique, that the new technique be directly to make use of CAD data and pass a computer control of laser scanning system, be divided into some lamellas:3Dnumerical pattern a two-dimensional flake form sketch, and press the two-dimensional flake form sketch to carry on an optics scanning to the quick resin liquid surface of the light in the bath, is scan of the liquid surface then becomes curing plastics, thus circularly operate, pursue lamella to scan to take shape, and of oneself glue the each flake form curing plastics that the delamination take shape to match together and only need certain data, then can make a prototype of precision in few hours.It contributes to quickly developping new product and developping the speed of new structure. 2.Fuzzy control technique The actual application of misty mathematics is a fuzzy control machine.The high performance fuzzy control apparatus which develops recently has from the study function, can in the process of control in continuously obtain a new information and of oneself make an adjustment to the control quantisty, make system function greatly in order to improve, among them particularly with according to artificial neural net, artificial neural network, ANN of self-educated method cause people tremendous concern more. 3.Artificial intelligence, expert system and intelligence transducer technique Up to the present, the artificial intelligence adopt mostly points according to the expert system of rule in the FMS.The expert system makes use of expert knowledge and reasons logically rule progress a reasoning and solve each kind of question.(like explanation, predict, diagnose, check to seek a fault, failure, design, plan, keep watch on, repair, command and control etc.)Because expert system can simplely the theory of various fact and experience certificate super - with pass the knowledge of experience acquisition to combine together, as a result the expert system intensified for the FMS various aspect operate gentle.Prospect a future, with knowledge intensively is characteristic, with the knowledge treat for the artificial intelligence(include expert system) technique of way necessarily will have in the FMS(particularly intelligence type) decisive action.The artificial intelligence is in the future FMS lieutenant general exertive gradually important action.Used for various technique in the FMS currently, anticipate to there is the artificial intelligence of the is still of development prospect most .Anticipate till the beginning of 21 centuries, the artificial intelligence is in the FMS of applied scale will compare currently greatly400%.The intelligence manufacturing technique(IMT) aim is in the process of integrating the artificial intelligence into the manufacturing each link, ask for help of intelligence of imitate the expert movable, replace or extend a manufacturing environment parts of mental works of the middleman.In the process of make, the system can automatically monitor it to circulate condition, while be subjected to the external world or inner excitation energy the automatic regulation its parameter with attain the best operating state, have self-organization ability.The past IMT is called make of the coming 21 centurieses technique.To the future intelligence turn 1 that the FMS has important meaning is an intelligence transducer in the realm of rapid development now technique.The items technique accompanies with the technique of calculator application and artificial intelligence but creation and it makes the transducer have insidedecision function. 4.Artificial neural net, artificial neural network, ANN technique The artificial neural net, artificial neural network, ANN(ANN) is a kind of method that the neural net, neural network which imitates intelligence living creature proceeds together to treat to the information progress.The past artificial neural net, artificial neural network, ANN is also a kind of artificial intelligence tool.At the automatic control realm, the neural net, neural network soon will be be juxtaposed in expert system and fuzzy control system and become a modern from pay to turn a composition division in the system. Three, deveolp trend The 1. FMCs will become the popular technique which deveolps and applieds This is because the FMC investment is much less than the FMS but the economic performance connect near, be applicable to the financial power limited medium small scaled business enterprise more.Numerous foreign plant house lists as FMC to deveolp currently of heavy. 2.Deveolp the efficiency higher FML Have another species large quantity the manufacturing business enterprise of the quantisty such as workses such as autocar and tractor etc. to FML of the need caused biggest pay attention to of the FMS manufactery.Adopt the price cheap definite purpose number controls engine bed to act for a process of general purpose a centre and will be a FML development trend. 3.The dynasty multi-function direction deveolp From the simplicity process the type FMS develops further to weld, assemble, inspection and Ban material process is to manufacturing work prefaces, such as Zhu and Duan.etc. and have of various function FMSs. The FMS is a realization future novel concept mode and new development trend of the works, decide to make raise of the strategic meaning of the have of prospect of the business enterprise future development Cuo.The FMS which reflects the works whole level currently is number generation FMS, in 90s this kind condition still will keep on next go to, Japan comes into force from 1991 ofintelligence manufacturing system(IMS) be international to develop item and belong to the next generation FMS;But real perfect next generation FMSs anticipate would carry out to 21 centuries.Then, the intelligence turns machinery and the persons and will blend mutually and gentlely moderates completely from accept order goods to produce, sale this business enterprise produce the full activity of management. Since the mid 80s, the FMS acquisition fast fierce development, almost became manufacturing automation of hot spot.On the other hand is because the single-item technique,such as NC, processes the development of centre, industrial robot, CAD/CAM, resources management and high technique etc. and provided to can be provided to integrate a technique foundation of whole system;On the other hand, the world market took place a graveness change, from past tradition, opposite stabilization of market, the development much changes into the dynamic state of the market , for begging existence and begging a development from the market, raise a business enterprise to the market demanding strain ability and people start investigate new manufacturing method and business model.In recent years, FMS conduct and actions a kind of sciencephilosophy and works which modernizes industrial manufacturing automate of advanced mode already for the country the top of the border generally accepted, can think so:The FMS is automate a technique, information technology and makes technical foundation, former business enterprise in mutually independent engineering design, produce manufacturing and conduct a management etc. process, constitute a complete but organic system which overlays the whole business enterprise to carry out an overall situation dynamic state under the prop up of the calculator and its software superior turn, population efficiently benefit, Gao gentle, and then win the manufacturing system of the intelligence that the competition complete victory.FMS conduct and actions nowadays world manufacturing automation technique deveolp of ex- follow science and technology, for future th
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