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华北电力大学科技学院毕业设计(论文)任务书所在院系 电力工程系 专业班号 电气07k6 学生姓名 李飞 指导教师签名 审批人签字 毕业设计(论文)题目 110kV变电站电气一次系统设计（负荷50MW，出线2+8+12） 2011年 2 月 22 日一、毕业设计(论文)主要内容1.主变压器容量、型号和台数的选择； 2.电气主接线设计；3.短路电流计算； 4.电气设备选择；5.屋内外配电装置设计；6.防雷及接地系统设计；7. 总平面布置。二、基本要求1.根据原始资料选择57种合理的电气主接线；2.进行初步技术、经济比较，选择2种较好的电气主接线；3.选择主变压器的容量、型号和台数； 4.计算两种电气主接线各个短路点的短路电流；5.根据短路计算结果选择电气设备并进行必要的校验； 6.通过技术经济比较确定最佳方案； 7.屋内外配电装置设计； 8.绘制57张图纸，其中电气主接线、电气总平面布置、防雷与接地各一张，配电装置断面图24张。三、设计(论文)进度序号设计项目名称完成时间备注1主变选择及主接线设计2周2设计内容3、4项3周3设计内容5、6、7项3周4绘制图纸3周5撰写论文，准备答辩2周6设计(论文)预计完成时间：2011年6月 日四、参考资料及文献1.发电厂电气部分 华中工学院 2.发电厂电气部分课程设计参考资料 天津大学 3.电力工程设计手册(1,3,4分册) 东北西北电力设计院 4.发电厂变电所电气主接线和布置 西北电力设计院 5.发电厂变电所电气主接线设计 西安交通大学 五、附录原始数据：（1）电压等级：110/35/10 kV （2）负荷情况：35kV侧：最大35MW，最小20MW，Tmax = 5200小时，cos= 0.85 10kV侧：最大15MW，最小10MW，Tmax = 5000小时，cos= 0.80 （3）出线情况：110kV侧：2回(架空线) LGJ-185/30km； 35kV侧：8回(架空线)； 10kV侧：12回(电缆) （4）系统情况： 系统经双回线给变电所供电； 系统110kV母线电压满足常调压要求； 系统110kV母线短路电流标幺值为30（B100MVA）。（5）环境条件： 最高温度40，最低温度-30，年平均温度20 ； 土壤电阻率 400 欧米； 当地雷暴日 40日/年2010 International Conference on Power System Technology New Challenges to Power System Planning and Operation of Smart Grid Development in China Zhang Ruihua, Du Yumei, Liu Yuhong Abstract-The future development trend of electric power grid is smart grid, which includes such features as secure and reliable, efficient and economical, clean and green, flexible and compatible, open and interactive, integrated and so on. The concept and characteristics of smart grid are introduced in this paper. On the basis of practical national situation, the development plans of smart grid in china with Chinese characteristics are proposed. Smart grid development in china is bases on information technology, communication technology, computer technology with the high integration with infrastructure of generating, transmission and distribution power system. Besides, smart grid development in china brings forward many new challenge and requirements for power system planning and operation in 9 key technologies as below: 1. Planning and construction of strong ultra high voltage (UHV) power grid 2. Large-scale thermal power, hydropower and nuclear power bases integration of power grid 3. Large-scale renewable energy sources integration of power grid 4. Distributed generation and coordinated development of the grids of various voltage ratings 5. Study on smart grid planning and developing strategy 6. Improve the controllability of the power grid based on power electronics technology. 7. Superconductivity, energy storage and other new technologies widely used in power system 8. Power system security monitoring, fast simulation, intelligent decision-making and comprehensive defense technology 9. The application of emergency and restoration control technology in power system In response to the challenge, this paper presents the main research contents, detailed implementation plan and anticipated goals of above 9 key technologies. Some measures and suggestions for power system planning and operation of smart grid development in China are given in this paper. Index Terms-smart grid, power system planning, power system operation, key technologies, large-scale power bases, information and communication technology, computer technology. Zhang Ruihua is with the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Beijing 100190, China (E-mail: ruihuazh). DU Yumei is with the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Beij ing 100190, China Liu Yuhong is with the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy ofSciences(CAS), Beijing 100190, China 978-1-4244-5940-7/10/$26.0020 1 0 IEEE I. INTRODUCTION WITH the increasing pressure on environmental protection, energy conserving and persistence develops improves gradually required for society. At the same time, power market-oriented development consistently and provide higher electric energy reliability and quality are required for consumer_ It require that the future smart grid must can to provide secure, reliable, clean, high quality power supply, is able to adapt to various of electric power generation, need being able to adapt to highly become market-oriented electric power exchange especially, acting on selfs own being able to adapt to customer especially chooses need, further, improve the ample power grid assets utilization efficiency and beneficial result, provide higher quality service. For this purpose, many countries without exception look upon smart grid as future development direction of power grid 1-4. On the basis of present situation and practical condition, the development plans of smart grid in china with Chinese characteristics are proposed. The imbalance in the distribution of energy resources and the development of regional economic requires the high efficient development of energy resource in western region to satisfy the electricity demand of whole country. Besides, the limitation of environmental capacity confines conventional coal-fired thermal power in East China, which requires a new model of power supply, which will carry out large-scale power flows and balance between regions 5. The power system condition in different areas of China is very different. The condition of Chinas energy and electricity load distribution to determine the long-distance large scale power transmission will be the direction of the development of Chinas power system_ So, this determined the smart grid of China with the common characters of smart grid, it with the unique characters of large sending ends, large receiving ends, large power transmission grid 6-9. Smart grid development in china is bases on information technology, communication technology, computer technology with the high integration with infrastructure of generating, transmission and distribution power system 10-13. Smart grid development in china addresses many new challenge and requirements for power system planning and operation in 9 key technical aspects. To response the challenge, the paper presents main research contents and key technologies in the area of power system planning and operation, and proposed detailed implementation procedure and anticipated goals. Finally, some measures and suggestions for power system planning and operation about China smart grid development are given in the paper. II. DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SMART GRID A. The Definition of Smart Grid Based on physical power grid, smart grid is a new type power grid which highly integrates modern advanced information techniques, communication techniques, computer science and techniques with physical grids. It has many advantages, such as improving energy efficiency, reducing the impact to environment, enhancing the security and reliability of power supply and reducing the power loss of the electricity transmission network and so on. The objectives of smart grid are: fully satisfy customer requirements for electrical power, optimize resources allocation, ensure the security, reliability and economic of power supply, satisfy environment protection constraints, guarantee power quality and adapt to power market development. Smart grid can provide customer with reliable, economical, clean and interactive power supply and valueadded services. B. The Characteristics of Smart Grid Smart grid holds the promise that the power sector can go green by not simply reducing the use of dirty power generation methods but instead become a system that can take more aggressive measures to lower greenhouse gas emissions through efficient integration of renewable energy sources. Smart grid that focus on improving demand-side management for energy and promoting renewable energy could be a transformational force that redefines the way people view energy generation, transmission and consumption, in that such grids would encourage active engagement by the broader society, not just power sector specialists. Smart grid mainly has features as secure and reliable, efficient and economical, clean and green, flexible and compatible, open and interactive, integrated and so on 14-15. ( 1) Secure and Reliable: The power grid is still to maintain the power supply capacity to the users, rather than a large area power outage when big disturbances on the power grid, faults, natural disasters and extreme weather conditions, or man-made damage happen. ( 2) Efficient and Economical: The power grid can improve the economic benefits through technological innovation, energy efficient management, orderly market competition and related policies. The power grid is in support of the electricity market and power transactions effectively to achieve the rational allocation of resources and reduce power losses and finally to improve the efficiency of energy. (3) Clean and Green: a large-scale of renewable energy sources can be fed into the grid which will reduce the potential impact on the environment. 2 (4) Optimization: The power grid can improve power supply reliability and security to meet electricity demand in digital age. The optimal cost to provide qualified electricity to the community. Smart grid can optimize utilization of assets, reduce investment costs and operation and maintenance costs. Quality of power meets industry standards and consumer needs. Provide various level of power quality for the range of needs. (5) Interactive: interaction and real-time response to the power market and consumers, which improves service. Mature wholesale market operations in place, well integrated nationwide and integrated with reliability coordinators. Retail markets flourishing where appropriate. Minimize transmission congestion and constraints. (6) Self-healing: The power grid has capabilities such as real-time & on-line security assessment and analysis, powerful control system for early warning and prevention control, automatic fault diagnosis, automatic fault isolation and system self-recovery capability. Self-Healing and adaptive to correct problems before they become emergencies. Predictive rather than reactive, to prevent emergencies ahead rather than solve after. Resilient to attack and natural disasters with rapid restoration capabilities. (7) Flexible and Compatible: The power grid can support correct, reasonable integration of renewable energy sources and it is suitable for integration of distributed generation and micro power grid. Besides, it can improve and enhance the function of demand side management to achieve the efficient interaction capability with users. Accommodate all generation and storage options. Very large numbers of diverse distributed generation and storage devices deployed to complement the large generating plants. (8)Integrated: Unified platform and models are used on the power grid. It can achieve a high degree of integration and information sharing of power grid, and to achieve standard, normative and refined management, which integrates the infrastructure, processes, devices, information and market structure so that energy can be generated, distributed, and consumed more efficiently and cost effectively. Thereby achieving a more resilient, secure and reliable energy system. Integrated to merge all critical information. III. SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA A. Necessities of Constructing Chinas Smart grid (1) Rapid growth of economy and society require to construct strong and reliable, efficient and economical power grid Power grid is the important infrastructure of energy. Chinese economy will remain high-growth in the future, Chinas energy and electricity demand over a longer period of time to maintain a rapid growth in the basic pattern, as well as the distribution of primary energy resources, uneven distribution and productivity of the basic national conditions, objectively determine the need to implement long-distance, large-scale transmission, walking across the country optimization resource allocation path. Therefore, there is need to construct strong and reliable, efficient and economical power grid. (2) Global resource environment pressure require to construct resource-saving and environmentally-friendly power grid A smart grid is an inevitable choice for China to address issues in its power industry and develop a lower-carbon economy. Much of Chinas power is generated by dirty coal plants. The government has stated that it wants to clean up its act by boosting renewable power generation to 15 percent of the total power supply by 2020. Chinese smart grid proposals call for the integration of renewable power sources, including wind and solar. The current power grid isnt able to efficiently integrate intermittent power generation from wind turbines or solar panels. In order to optimize the energy structure, improve energy efficiency and improve the climate adaptability, the state has intensified the development on wind, solar and other renewable energy. Especially for the large-scale renewable energy base in the Three North area, the local demand is not large enough to consume all local electricity, its necessary to transmit the electricity through long-distance grid to load center. Generally, due to the intermittence and fluctuation of renewable energy, formulation and implementation of accurate power generation plan is impossible, which challenge the request the present ability on power acceptance and optimizing resource allocation. (3) Various generation options require to construct open and transparent, friendly and interactive power grid With the improving of future Chinese electrification level, power generation enterprises and customers will have higher requirements for service quality and principles. In order to guarantee the power production and transmission, power generation enterprises require power grid to provide reliable, efficient and flexible power integration. Electrical power customers will be able to flexibly choose power supply modes, need interaction between power grid to realize high efficient economical power utilization, and be capable to send distributed energy power to power grid in the right time to realize clean and efficient energy utilization. (4) The development of power and relative industry require to construct power grid with leading technology and equipment Depending on technology innovation, constructing unified strong smart grid is the development direction of power grid of china. Many advanced technologies and advanced equipment will be applied in constructing smart grid, a substantial platform can be established for the stable and secure operation of grids and improve the strength of the grids primary systems. It can upgrade the manufacture technology of power equipment and control technology of power grid. The development of smart grid involved technology and products in many fields of information, communication, power equipment manufacture, intelligent 3 home electricity machine and so on. It will promote not only the development of relative industry but also the technology innovation and equipment creation for intelligent building, intelligent home and intelligent transportation. B. Basis oj Constructing Chinas Smart grid The basic development goal of power grid is to form a security and economical power grid. Constructing smart grid firstly depend on strong physical power grid. China speeding up the construction the power grid with UHV grid as backbone and subordinate grids coordinated development at all levels. In the technical and institutional, equipment manufacturing and project put into practice aspects has laid down solid basis for the development of smart grid 16. China pays more attention to research and project implementation, many achievements in smart grid have been accomplished in China. To be specific, China has already research and implementation in following technical aspects: Generation link: In the power generation link includes distributed generation, renewable energy generation, generator and power system coordinate operation, and energy-saving oriented dispatching technology and auto-generation control. Transformation link: In the power transformation link includes UHV AC and UHV DC transmission, FACTS, digital substation technology, PMU-based W AMS, DMS, stateoriented maintenance and so on. Distribution and supply link: In the power distribution and supply link includes distribution automation system and feeder automation system, custom power, auto-metering, Automation measurement technology and electric automobile charge power station construction and so on. Dispatching link: In the Dispatching link, much research and application have been carried out, such as next generation dispatch technology supporting system, four main dispatch application platforms, dispatch technology of energy-saving generation, online early warning and coordinated security and defense technology, integrated model management, massive information process technology, intelligent visualization, dispatch defense technology for extreme disaster. Information building link: In the information building link includes construction of system information collection, load management system, automatic meter reading system and other related systems. After promoting of marketing information work for many years, the coverage of users with electricity collected automatically improves every year, scope and effect of the system is in gradual expansion, it has played an active role in the companys marketing, production and safety management. Many electricity companies are making themselves more digital and information-wise, which also contributes to smart grid construction. C. Development Goals oJChinas Smart grid The general development goals of China smart grid is speed up construction of a strong power grid with UHV power grid as backbone, coordinated development of power grid at all voltage levels, with information technology, digitization, automation, interactive features into independent innovation, the worlds leading strong smart grid. To achieve this goal, the State Grid Corporation of China in accordance with unified planning, unified standard, pilot first, as a whole to promote the principle of speeding up the construction by the UHV AC transmission lines and 800kV, 1000kV DC transmission lines constitute a UHV backbone power grid to achieve coordinated development of the power grid at all voltage levels around the power generation, transmission, substations, power distribution, supply, dispatching and other major links and information building, in phases to promote the development of strong smart grid. D. Characteristics of Chinas Smart Grid Chinese smart grid framework could be different from the rest of the world. This is due to the relatively primitive structure at the distribution ends, the extensive development ofUHV transmission in recent years, and also the unique asset ownership and management structure in China. Chinas specific national conditions determined the smart grid of China with the common characters of smart grid, besides, it has own unique characters. These characteristics as below: (1) Large sending ends. Based on intensive exploitation of large-scale thermal power, hydro power, nuclear power and renewable energy base, build a strong and smart guide constructed of UHV power networks as the backbone according to the general requirements of a reliable efficient self-adjustable grid. The strong and smart grid will greatly optimize the allocation of resources, improve the service quality and achieve flexible integration of different sources and loads. (2) Large power transmission grid. The Smart Grid initially proposed in the world is to promote intelligence and automation for distribution system. The shortage of electric power supply in China is still a challenge, so construction for a strong national transmission networks to realize the electric power transmission from the west to the east and the mutual supply between the south and the north is still the main task. In China, to develop a smart transmission grid should be ranked in a priority. Smart transmission grid includes both the construction of a strong UHV grid and the development of the smart dispatch and control technologies. (3) Large receiving ends. In China, the electricity price was not opened to follow the electricity market, so the room for demand side management and costumer participation is limited. Therefore Smart Grid in China has a much different connotation compared with that used in west countries. The smart grid with Chinese characteristics are the means and modes to realize grid asset efficient management, enlarge grids capability to serve both electricity producers and electricity users, make rational developing planning strategies and optimize system operation under the conditions of continuously lowering costs, improving efficiency and benefits and bettering the reliability and availability of the whole power systems, with UHV power grid as backbone and the coordinated development of the power grid of various 4 voltage levels and in combination of advanced information, communication and control technologies and the advanced managerial philosophy 17-18. IV. NEW CHALLENGES TO POWER SYSTEM PLANNING OF SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA The development of smart grid in china bring forward many new challenges and requirements for power system planning in 5 key technical aspects, which are analyzed in this section, detailed implementation plan and anticipated goals are proposed. 5 key technical aspects are as follows: A. Planning and Construction of Strong UHV Power Grid Research content: Construct the UHV power grid structure to meet the requirements of smart grid development. The structure must have strong adaptive ability, high reliability and security, strong ability to resist failure for the integration of the multifarious large-scale power generation, and can provides a flexible and easy network infrastructure conditions for the stability control system. Study of the smart power grid structure with the flexible energy exchange ability and the operating conditions adjust ability that can achieve the effective management and efficient use of resources by adjusting power network, and can continuously improve the economic benefits of the power grid. Study the HVDC planning for the receiving-end of the power system, propose the configuration principles for the intelligent dynamic reactive power compensation devices and the planning indices of the HVDC that can improve the voltage stability in the multi-infeed HVDC power system. Forecasting the load, the installed capacity and the power flow scale on the base of the analysis to economic and social development and the energy resources distribution in our country. Demonstrate the major technical problems that should be considered during the construction process of the strong and reasonable UHV network structure. Study the various factors which will affect the development of UHV network with the current technology and the current development status of the power network. Implementation Plan: The first stage will focus mainly on the UHV power development strategy, and the rational structure of UHV power network. The second stage will fully research the way of the large power base integration to UHV power network, the main factors which will affect the multiinfeed HVDC power system, the planning for the receivingend of multi-infeed HVDC power transmission system, and other pivotal technologies. The third stage will fully build the strong UHV network that can meet the demand of the smart grid. Targets: Present the particular configuration of the UHV network that can meet the special needs of the future smart grid. Guide the coordinated and sustainable development to the power grid in our country. B. Large-Scale Ordinary Power Bases Integration of Power System Research content: Smart grid development in china require to study on security and stability, control measures and integration patterns of large-scale hydropower or thermal power bases connecting to power systems. Study the security stability and control technology of the HVDC islanded sending mode. Study coordinated control strategy of AC/DC system to improve system stability and the interactions between the integrated huge wind farms and the power grid. The factors which impact on large power supplies integration of power system are analyzed. Implementation Plan: The first stage will focus mainly on compare the various integration patterns of large power supplies to power grid. The second stage will fully research coordinated control strategy of AC/DC system to improve system stability. The third stage will propose integration patterns and control measures of large power supplies to power grid satisfied to the requirement of smart grid. Targets: Propose the principles optimized integration patterns of large power supply integration to power grid. Enhance generators and power grid coordinate operation, to ensure power system safely and economical operation. C. Large-Scale Renewable Energy Sources Integration of Power System Research content: Study and summarize the electricity production features of various renewable energy sources (such as wind power, photovoltaic power generation). Analyze the influence, the interaction and the technologies that must be considered when the large-scale renewable energy production with different characteristics integration to the power grid. Implementation Plan: The first stage will focus mainly on the influence when the large-scale renewable energy production with different characteristics integration to the power grid. The second stage will fully study the interaction and the technologies that must be considered when the largescale renewable energy production integration to the power grid. The third stage will study the reasonable delivery scale of the renewable energy base and the reasonable delivery proportion of the renewable energy and the conventional energy and other storage systems such as pumped storage device and flywheel energy storage device. Targets: propose the system planning methods and the technologies that can meet the demands when the large renewable energy integration to the power grid. D. Distributed Generation and Coordinated Development of Transmission and Distribution Network Research content: Study the operating characteristics of different distributed power generation and power supply system, study the interaction mechanism between the distributed power supply system and the power grid. Study the coordinated development at all levels of power transmission and distribution under the smart grid goals, and propose the design principles about the coordinated development of the 5 power transmission and distribution planning at all levels; Study the planning method for the coordinated development of UHV IEHV power grid; study the planning principles for regional power grid that are adapt to the development ofUHV power grid; study the influence of HVDC power in-feed and the development of regional EHV power grid; study the principles and the time of looping-off for UHV IEHV electromagnetic loop; study the coordinated planning for UHV IEHV power grid that can improve grid stability and inhibit the short circuit current. Implementation Plan: The first stage will focus mainly on the analysis methods for the distributed power supply system performance, and the coordinated development of the power transmission and distribution at all levels. The second stage will fully research the interaction mechanism between the distributed power supply system and the power grid, and the planning method for the coordinated development of UHV / EHV power grid. The third stage will propose the standards and test specifications for the distributed power gridconnection running. Targets: Propose the planning methods for the coordinated development of the transmission and distribution network, optimize the network resources and improve the safety and reliability of the power supply, and promote the orderly development of distributed power supply, and promote the coordinated development of the power grid at all levels. E. Study on Smart Grid Planning and Developing Strategy Research content: After fully knowing the characteristics of smart grid development at home and abroad, and the development needs and supporting capacity for intelligence, development direction and problems of our smart grid will be analyzed, investigated and researched further, in order to identify development goals and recognize obstacles in the development process of smart grid. At the same time, we should pay more attention to the study of developing strategy for smart grid in combination with Chinas specific national conditions. In the strategic planning, the positions, developing frameworks and measures will be clarified. The development roadmap and goals of Chinas smart grid adaptable to the marketization, especially in the scenario of power market, should be studied. Study on Power System Planning based on Reliability. The procedure of power system planning based on reliability . Implementation Plan: The first stage will mainly focus on the developing strategy for china future power grid, theory and method of strong smart grid planning, Power System Planning based on reliability evaluation method and principle. The second stage will fully research the procedure of power system planning based on reliability. The third stage will develop theory and method structure of the smart grid planning that can meet the requirement of smart grid. Targets: Propose the concept and physical configuration of advanced power grid, propose the planning methods for the coordinated development of the power grid, and promote the coordinated development of the power grid at all levels. V. NEW CHALLENGES TO POWER SYSTEM OPERA nON OF SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA The smart grid development in china brings forward many new challenge and requirements for power system operation in 4 key technical aspects analyzed in this section, detailed implementation plan and anticipated goals are proposed. 4 key technical aspects are as follows: A. Improve the Controllability of the Power Grid Based on Power Electronics Technology Research content: Study the planning configuration of intelligent control device that can improve the controllability and flexibility of the power grid, such as TCSC, CSR, TCPS and UPFC. Study the new technology that can improve the power grid operating flexibility and self-healing nature of power structures; study the electromagnetic transient characteristics and the equipment specifications of FACTS devices. Implementation Plan: The first stage will mainly focus on the technology that can improve the controllability of the power grid and the planning configuration of intelligent control device in the power grid. The second stage will fully research the application of the intelligent control device in the power grid. The third stage will master the FACTS electromagnetic transient characteristics, and propose the equipment specifications. Targets: Improve the controllability and observability of the power grid with varieties of technical means. B. Superconductivity, energy storage and other new technologies Widely Used in Power System Research content: Study the theory about the matching and the coordinated operation between superconducting power equipments and power system, analyze the transient process of the superconducting electrical equipments. Study the power system dynamic stability with the superconducting power equipments. Study the coordinated control strategy and the energy management technology for the renewable energy generation and the energy storage hybrid system with different control objectives and multi-objective optimization. Study the energy optimization control methods for the energy storage system that can suppress the short-term and rapid fluctuations or the long-term power fluctuations of the large-scale intermittent renewable energy power generation system. Study the high capacity and fast energy storage technologies. Study the optimal points and the configuration technologies for storage equipments at systems-level. Study the relay function, configuration, implementation, and tuning technology in the power transmission systems and energy storage systems with superconducting application Focus on the practical high temperature superconducting materials and the application, including the advanced superconducting power equipments research and the system application technologies, such as high-temperature 6 superconducting power transmission technology, energy storage and limiting. Focus on the practical energy storage materials and the application, including high-performance electrode materials for super-capacitor and its application technology in supercapacitors, practical application technology of hydrogen generation and energy storage. Implementation Plan: The first stage will focus on the practical high temperature superconductor and energy storage materials, and the application technology. The second stage will fully study the coordinated operation between superconducting energy storage system and the power system, conduct experiments and demonstration project. The third stage will achieve a large-scale application of the superconductivity and energy storage system. Targets: The superconductivity and energy storage technologies are applied in large-scale, and play an important role in the strong smart grid. C. Power System Security Monitoring, Fast Simulation, Intelligent Decision-Making and Comprehensive Defense Technology Research content: Study the network structure and the network monitoring scheme to meet the demands of electricity trading under the normal states and abnormal states. According to the requirements of the power transmission and the network security constraints, by using the modem information technology and analytical techniques and monitoring methods, establish the smart grid construction and managements that can monitor the generator and power grid status, construct and adjust the power grid, arrange and adjust the operation. Study the network security and defense system based on the intelligent decision-making, study the allocation of PM U based on the whole network static and dynamic observability and the recognition accuracy of instability, study the configuration of the master and sub-station in the centralized or distributed safety control systems based on WAMS. Implementation Plan: The first stage will focus on the configuration principles for PM U and the network security and defense system planning. The second stage will fully study the technologies including network security monitoring, fast simulation, intelligent decision-making and integrated defense; then conduct experiments and demonstration project. The third stage will apply the network security monitoring system. Targets: Establish a network monitoring system with the comprehensive security defense function that can meet the requirements of the smart grid. D. The Application of Emergency and Recovery Control Technology in Power System Research content: Study the coordinated control technology for the complex failures and the different power failure patterns. Study the adaptive optimization of the recovery control technology. Study the application of new technology such as the complexity theory in the emergency and the recovery control. Study the on-line assistant decision-making technology for the large power grid recovery control under the multi-level scheduling coordinated control, and study the theory and analysis methods for self-healing recovery system in the largescale interconnected smart grid. Study the construction program and the pivotal technologies for the power dispatch reserve control center and the emergency command system. Study the operation, maintenance and opening mechanisms of the power dispatch reserve control center and the emergency command system. Study the data synchronization for the primary reserve and the mutual reserve technology. Study the scientific and reasonable region and pattern for the reserve dispatch control. Implementation Plan: The first stage will master the evolution of the power failures and blackouts under extreme weather condition, accomplish the study on the risk warning and assessment for the power grid network under extreme condition, complete the study on the reserve dispatch and the pivotal emergency command technologies. The second stage will develop the prevention and control system and the emergency control assistant decision system under extreme external hazards, built the provincial reserve dispatch system at different levels. The third stage will develop on-line assistant decision-making system for the recovery control under the multi-level scheduling coordinated control in the large power grid and apply the system in some experimental areas. Targets: Propose the coordinated control methods for the complex failures and the different power failure patterns, propose the adaptive optimization methods of the recovery control. Master the emergency assistant decision, the recovery control and the black start technology under extreme weather condition. Establish the reserve mechanism at different levels gradually that can avoid large-scale blackout effectively. VI. CONCLUSION Constructing the smart grid with Chinese characteristics is indispensable with the health, rapid, sustainable development of China and building an energy-saving and environmentfriendly society. Also, it contributes to fulfilling Chinas commitments to saving energy and reducing green-house gas emissions. Due to the development process of china smart grid is rapid, and smart grid of china has own unique characters. Smart grid development in china besides addresses many higher requirements for research content and key technology of power system planning and operation. To ensure the development of smart grid is successfully, the following two aspects should be speed up to research and implementation. (1) Developing unified smart grid standards architecture for strong smart grid. Based on experiment and pilot research for strong smart grid, propose the required technology and standards architecture for strong smart grid under unified 7 arrangement. The existing power system, communication and automation standards should be integrated in one architecture to form complete specifications and stand
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