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多功能封口机的设计【含全套16张CAD图纸】【答辩毕业资料】

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编号:347149    类型:共享资源    大小:11.13MB    格式:RAR    上传时间:2014-10-24 上传人:好资料QQ****51605 IP属地:江苏
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目     录
摘   要 I

Abstract  II

1绪论 1
1.1多功能封口机设计背景 1
1.2设计目的与意义 1
1.3设计内容 2

2方案设计 5
2.1方案设计方法 5
2.2任务要求键入章标题(第 2 级) 5
2.3多功能封口机工作原理 5
2.4方案选择 6
2.5 总体布置 7

3结构设计  8
3.1成形器  8
3.1.1袋形选择  8
3.1.2成形器种类及选择  8
3.1.3成形器相关计算  9
3.2总体方案设计  11
3.2.1电机的选择  11
3.2.2运动参数计算 12
3.2.3各传动轴参数计算 12
   3.2.4主轴最小直径  13
3.2.5功率分配 14
3.3链轮设计  14
3.4纵封辊  17
3.5横封辊  17
3.6齿轮设计 18
3.7切断装置 20
3.8导辊 21

4 结论  22

致谢  23

参考文献  24

文献综述  25

文献翻译  31
摘    要

本文是针对多功能封口机的设计以及说明。
多功能封口机,即多功能包装机,因为在一台机器上完成两个或两个以上的包装工序故称之为多功能包装机。其主要由引导成型部分、填料部分、封制部分以及切断部分组成。包装材料被安置在卷桶上,经由导辊引导至成型器处,在成型器作用下完成包装袋的基本成型,同时完成填料,此时由横封装置以及纵封装置完成对袋的封口工作,之后由切断装置切断,使之分离为完整的包装袋个体。
本文对多功能包装机的工作原理、结构等做了分析及说明,并在现有多功能封口机的基础上进行设计,设计出一套可行的方案并进行相关计算,使用制图软件画出其相应工程图。
本文使用Autocad2010对其进行绘图,Autocad2010是比较基础的工程制图软件,能够使机械的平面结构简单、清晰地表现出来,是当下十分常见与实用的制图软件之一。

关键词:多功能封口机  包装  Autocad


Abstract

This paper is aimed at the multifunctional sealing machine design and description.
Multifunctional sealing machine, the multifunction packing machine, because the completion of two or more than two of the packaging process is called multifunction packing machine in a machine. It is mainly composed of lead forming part, filling, sealing and cutting part part part. Packaging materials are placed in the roll barrel, through the guide roller guide to forming device, the completion of the basic molding packing bag in the shaper, at the same time, filler, this time by the sealing device and longitudinal sealing device to complete sealing of the bag, then cut by the cutting device, so that the separation for the complete package bag of individual.
This paper makes analysis and description of the working principle, multi function packaging machine structure, and machine design based on the existing multifunctional sealing, designed for the relevant calculation a set of feasible solutions and, using the mapping software to draw the corresponding engineering drawings.
In this paper, Autocad2010 drawing of engineering drawing software, Autocad2010 is the basis of comparison, can make the plane mechanical structure simple, clearly demonstrated, is now very common and practical drawing software.

Keywords: Multifunctional sealing machine   sealing   Autocad


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课题内容本课题的内容是关于塑料板材折弯机的设计,主要包括塑料折弯机的结构设计以及对现有产品的结构优化和创新。能够实现较高折弯精度和加工效率,例如,1)设计多功能的折弯模具或组合刀架,减少换刀次数;2)优化结构减少加热塑料板材的时间,提高工作效率;3)设计简易的上下料装置和板材对齐装置,提高加工质量和工作效率。主要研究对象是手动或半自动折弯机的结构设计,通过Solidworks等三维建模软件对设计的折弯机进行三维造型并仿真,利用有限元分析等计算合理的折弯力等。分析工作塑料板材的热弯特性等,设计合理的加热装置。然后再将三维造型图转化为工程图,并且计算确定具体结构的参数,同时完成零件图的绘制和相关标注等。最后完成对本课题的论文撰写。课题任务要求1.查阅塑料折弯机相关文献并进行收集和整理,完成毕业设计前期工作:任务书、文献综述、开题报告、外文翻译;2.查阅大量关于折弯机结构设计的资料、塑料热成型相关资料。整理后确定塑料折弯机的具体设计方案;3.进行必要的设计计算和结构设计,如折弯系数、折弯力等计算,凸模凹模的结构和尺寸的设计。保证具备良好的机械性能;4.运用CAD等软件,对所设计的塑料折弯机进行三维建模,绘制装配图,零件图以及重要机构的运动仿真,并进行有限元分析;5利用三维建模完成工程图的转换,工程图需要体现出具体结构的尺寸参数等;6.最终设计出的塑料折弯机要具备比现有同类产品更方便高效的性能,同时保证加工精度不低于现有的同类产品。主要参考文献(由指导教师选定) 1 孙靖民 梁迎春.机械优化设计 第四版M.北京:机械工业出版社,2006 2 孙桓 陈作模 葛文杰.机械原理 第七版M.高等教育出版社,2006 3 齐民.机械工程材料 第七版M.大连:大连理工大学出版社,2007 4 李华志.数控加工工艺与装备M.北京:清华大学出版社,2005. 5 林清安.Pro/ENGINEER 2001钣金设计M.北京:清华大学出版社,2001 6 彭诗林等.钣金件结构设计工艺手册M 7 魏龙祥.W67K400/4000型数控板料折弯机简介J.上海机床,1997,02期 8 哈尔滨工业大学理论力学教研室.理论力学I 第七版M.高等教育出版社,2004 9 伍时雄.塑料板折弯机成型装置P.中国:00267582.X,2001 10 刘世全.塑料板折弯机P.中国:CN 201446703 U,2009 11 刘鸿文.材料力学I 第四版M.高等教育出版社,2004同组设计者 无注:1、任务书由指导教师填写;2、任务书在第七学期第15周前下达给学生。学生完成毕业设计(论文)工作进度计划表序号毕业设计(论文)工作任务工 作 进 度 日 程 安 排周次1234567891011121314151617181查找整理课题相关资料文献等2撰写开题报告、文献综述、任务书3阅读英文文献并翻译一篇英文文献4前期工作的汇总整理5确定具体方案以及整理思路6三维建模、完成造型设计7进行装配及运动仿真8三维转换为工程图9完成课题论文的撰写注:1、此表由指导教师填写;2、此表每个学生一份,作为毕业设计(论文)检查工作进度之依据;3、进度安排用“”在相应位置画出。毕业设计(论文)阶段工作情况检查表时间第 一 阶 段(撰写开题报告、外文翻译、文献综述)第 二 阶 段(论文初稿撰写或方案设计)第 三 阶 段(论文终稿或图纸绘制)内容组织纪律完 成 任 务 情 况组织纪律完 成 任 务 情 况组织纪律完 成 任 务 情 况检查情况教师签字签字 日期 签字 日期签字 日期注:1、此表由指导教师认真填写;2、“组织纪律”一栏根据学生具体执行情况如实填写;3、“完成任务情况”一栏按学生是否按进度保质保量完成任务的情况填写;4、对违纪和不能按时完成任务者,指导教师可根据情节轻重对该生提出警告或不能参加答辩的建议。1、 本课题的研究目的及意义目的:封口机是将充填有包装物的容器进行封口的机械,在产品装入包装容器后,为了使产品得以密封保存,保证产品质量,避免产品流失,需要对包装容器进行封口,这种操作是在封口机上完成的。本课题就是研究多功能封口机的结构以及工作原理,主要从结构上对现有的手动或半自动小型封口机进行优化和创新,提高封口机的工作范围、工作效率以及工作精度、自动化程度,降低成本;提高工作质量以及提高在后续工作中的效率等。意义:折弯机是一种使用最广泛的板料弯曲设备,用最简单的通用模具对板料进行各种角度的直线弯曲,操作简单,通用性好,模具成本低,更换方便,机器本身只有一个基本运动-上下往复直线运动。一台普通折弯机上对一个多弯零件进行折弯时,首先对整批零件进行第一道的折弯,然后依次进行以下各道折弯。这样需要足够的堆放场地,繁重的搬运工作。如果拥有几台折弯机,可以在每台折弯上进行一道折弯,则又需要占用几台折弯机和几名工人,并在第一个零件完成全部折弯工序以前,整批零件都积压在加工过程中。数控折弯机完全改变了这种生产面貌。根据设定的程序,折弯机自动调整滑块行程和后挡料位置,并设定时间,一个零件的全部折弯工序自动连续进行。并且数控折弯机都有角度直接编程功能,只要输入几个数据,经过一次试折和修正,即可完成调整工作,但是数控折弯机较高的价格又增加了加工的成本,因此我要设计一种小型半自动折弯机,主要用于中小型加工企业中的塑料板材加工,这种小型塑料折弯机源于普通折弯机基础上进行设计及结构的优化,能够降低塑料板材加工的成本,节省板材同时能够扩大加工工艺范围,帮助中小型塑料加工产业的发展;加工精度的提高可减少再次加工的次数,提高加工效率,降低成本;2、 本人对课题任务书提出的任务要求及实现目标的可行性分析 任务要求:查阅塑料折弯机相关文献并进行收集和整理,完成毕业设计前期工作;整理相关资料文献确定塑料折弯机的具体设计方案;进行必要的设计计算和结构设计;运用三维软件建模,并转换成工程图;所设计的塑料折弯机要具备比现有同类产品更良好的性能。可行性分析:要解决理论问题我们一方面需要借阅相关的书籍,不过这还不够,还得从网上寻找资源,多与老师进行交流,必要的时候也可以联系工厂去参观一下相关的设备。 目前塑料板材折弯的方法有很多,但是我们需要选择一种适合的方式,这要就需要我们对各种折弯方法有很好的了解,然后进行比较,最后选择出来一种高效而且经济的折弯方法。同时要对各种塑料折弯机的结构进行了解并分析,通过对结构的优化和创新,提高塑料折弯机的折弯精度和加工效率;例如优化板材加工时的定位夹紧结构,可提高其定位精度和定位速度;设计合理的加热线圈布局,提高对板材加热的速度;在手动或半自动小型塑料折弯机上加装简易的上下料机构,提高加工效率。可以设计多功能刀架,能够同时装备多把折弯刀,节省拆换折弯刀的次数同时扩大加工的工艺范围,提高工作效率。3、 本课题的关键问题及解决问题的思路 经过几周的文献查阅和资料收集,对于这个课题有了一个初步的认识,知道了要完成的设计任务,根据目前了解的情况,最需要解决的问题是:折弯的方式和工序的选择,加工过程中折弯精度的问题等。 以前没有接触过塑料折弯机之类的东西,对于这个并没有很多了解,设计起来理论知识都不足,对于一些设计中要用的参数也不是太了解,各种塑料板材的材料特性,折弯的角度控制问题等,要想做好这个设计我必须先要解决这些问题。本课题所要解决的技术问题还有折弯机的结构设计以及保持较高精度的问题,还有在折弯塑料板时针对不同规格板材加热时间以及温度控制的问题。解决思路:首先带着所需要解决的问题,有针对性的查阅国内外各种文献和专利设计,大量获取了一定的相关的专业知识和经验后,针对问题再查阅机械设计手册等工具书籍,利用相关公式进行计算;通过收集的资料,对各型号塑料折弯机的有缺点有大概的了解,通过整合,实现优化并且解决某些技术上的问题;若书本和网络无法很好的回答课题中遇到的问题,可以到生产折弯机的工厂进行实地的考察,请教专业工程师来进行解决。通过这样的思路,在塑料折弯机加工过程中折弯精度和凸模与凹模的形状以及结构有关,同时加热问题也影响折弯精度,不同的塑料板材具有不同的最佳折弯温度;折弯过程中对塑料板材施加的压力以及冲量都会影响折弯精度和板材表面。4、 完成本课题所需的工作条件(如工具书、计算机、实验、调研等)及解决办法1)1 孙靖民 梁迎春.机械优化设计 第四版M.北京:机械工业出版社,2006 2 孙桓 陈作模 葛文杰.机械原理 第七版M.高等教育出版社,2006 3 齐民.机械工程材料 第七版M.大连:大连理工大学出版社,2007 4 李华志.数控加工工艺与装备M.北京:清华大学出版社,2005. 5 林清安.Pro/ENGINEER 2001钣金设计M.北京:清华大学出版社,2001 6 彭诗林等.钣金件结构设计工艺手册M 7 魏龙祥.W67K400/4000型数控板料折弯机简介J.上海机床,1997,02期 8 哈尔滨工业大学理论力学教研室.理论力学I 第七版M.高等教育出版社,2004 9 伍时雄.塑料板折弯机成型装置P.中国:00267582.X,2001 10 刘世全.塑料板折弯机P.中国:CN 201446703 U,2009 11 刘鸿文.材料力学I 第四版M.高等教育出版社,20042)科学计算器,计算机,三维建模软件(Solidworks、AutoCAD等);3)折弯机设备工厂实地调研以及向专业工程师请教。5、工作方案分析及进度计划工作方案分析第一阶段:准备阶段。大致了解需要收集的资料的来源和相关课题内容的了解;第二阶段:资料收集阶段。通过书籍、网站等查找与课题相关的资料;第三阶段:资料分析阶段。把收集回来的资料进行整理、归类分析,及时纠正错误;第四阶段:编写工作说明书。资料分析后草拟工作说明书。本课题将采用现有的手动小型塑料折弯机进行结构再设计,从结构优化和整合优秀方案的方向设计一款能够自动上下料,具备多个折弯刀的刀架,加工工艺范围广,工件定位精准快速,折弯质量好效率高的半自动型塑料折弯机;第五阶段:反馈、修改工作说明书。进度计划1-4周 完成英文文献翻译、文献综述、任务书以及开题报告5-7周 塑料折弯机工艺分析,确定总体方案设计8-9周 三维建模、初步造型及设计10-11周 运动仿真以及具体结构的设计12-13周 工程图的绘制13-14周 完成课题论文的撰写15-16周 准备毕业论文答辩报告人: 年 月 日指导教师意见 指导教师: 年 月 日开题报告应根据教师下发的设计(论文)任务书,在指导教师的指导下由学生独立撰写。文献综述塑料折弯机设计摘要:对几款塑料折弯机的介绍,塑料折弯机的组成包括支架、工作台和夹紧板,工作台置于支架上,工作台由底座和压板构成。其工作原理是通过对角度准确定位,采用先进的红外加热、水循环冷却系统,自动瞬间成型,具备角度准、速度快、效率高,加工工件不变形、不糊板、不起泡等优点。并且对一些折弯工艺进行介绍。关键字:折弯机 塑料 热成型 Abstract:For a few fashion plastic bending machine of introduction, plastic bending machine comprises stents, table and the clamping board, workbench in on the support, the base and linking piece by composition. Its principle of work is through the opposite Angle accurate positioning, and the use of advanced infrared heating, cooling water circulation system, the automatic instant molding, have Angle must, speed, high efficiency, machining deformation, paste board, no bubbles, etc. And for some bending process was introduced. Key word: bending machine、plastic、hot forming1.折弯机的介绍1.1折弯机简介1折弯机包括支架、工作台和夹紧板,工作台置于支架上,工作台由底座和压板构成,底座通过皮带与夹紧板相连,底座由座壳、线圈和盖板组成,线圈置于座壳的凹陷内,凹陷顶部覆有盖板。使用时由导线对线圈通电,通电后对压板产生引力,从而实现对压板和底座之间薄板的夹持。由于采用了电磁力夹持,使得压板可以做成多种工件要求,而且可对有侧壁的工件进行加工,操作上也十分简便。 亚克力是目前市场上比较常用的塑料板材之一,所以人们把对亚克力折弯成型的设备称之为亚克力折弯机;原理来讲,但从对亚克力等塑料板材的折弯原理讲,它是通过对板材加热软化后折弯成型的,所以又称为亚克力热弯机。以上的命名依据比较单一,只是限定于种材料:因为亚克力板是塑料板的一种,所以应该统称为塑料板热弯机或塑料板折弯机。1.2折弯机的功能及其工作原理2一般用于铁、不锈钢、铜、铝等各类金属板材的折弯成形。又可用作压力机完成易模成型及压铆、校平、断差成形等。因其强大的成形功能而被广泛应用于钣金行业,用来制作通讯、电子、电器、机械类等多种行业的机箱、机柜及内部钣金构件。1.3折弯机的工作原理将上下模分别固定于折弯机的上、下工作台,利用液压传输驱动工作台的相对运动,结合上下模的形状,从而实现对板材的折弯成形。如图1所示: 图11.4折弯机的的组成 总体来说折弯机有四大部分组成:机械部分;电气部分;液压部分; NC控制系统。具体组成部分如下: 1.机架:由左右墙板、工作台、支承体和油箱焊接成框形机架,工作台座于左右墙板下面。油箱与墙板焊接为一体,即可提高机架刚性和强度,又可增加油液散热面积,有利于液压系统正常运行。 2.滑块:滑块由整块钢板制成,与左右油缸中心的活塞杆连接在一起,油缸固定在左右墙板的连接板上,通过液压驱动使活塞杆带动滑块上下动作。为保证滑块在下死点的精确定位,在油缸上方设置机械挡块机构,由按钮通过电动机调整。也可用手轮进行微调。并由转数表显示。当左右两边机械挡块机构不等高时,采用以下方法进行微调,首先脱开右面连节器,然后按手轮所指示的方向旋转手轮进行调整,直至两边机械挡块等高为止,出厂时已调好,一般不需用调整。3.同步机构:滑块在快速下行和回程时,采用机械强迫同步机构。结构简单,稳定可靠,维修方便,具有一定的同步精度,并有偏心套用来借正滑块与工作台面间的平行度。4.液压系统:电动机、泵、阀等安装在油箱上,为保证滑块快速下降时油缸内充满油液,采用充油阀结构。以提高滑块行程速度,节约能源。5.前托料架、后挡料:托架作台前面的T型槽上,设有手动调节的反靠定位爪。用以安置工作或作前挡料用。后挡料由电动机调整,也有手轮进行微调,读数由转数表显示。6.模具:采用合金钢材经锻造、热处理、铣削、磨削等加工而成,上模用压板固定在滑块上,具有精度高,互换性好,便于拆装等特点。(有不等长度的分段上模,根据工作要求拼成一定的宽度折弯封闭框形零件。)下模安装在工作台上,可移动,以对准上模刃口中心。1.5折弯机的分类 折弯机分为手动折弯机,液压折弯机和数控折弯机。液压折弯机按同步方式又可分为:扭轴同步、机液同步,和电液同步。液压折弯机按运动方式又可分为:上动式、下动式。1.6折弯机运动方式上动式:下工作台不动,由上面滑块下降实现施压;下动式:上部机台固定不动,由下工作台上升实现施压。2.折弯机性能特点与折弯机结构特点2.1机床性能特点1.机身采用整体焊接及整体加工结构,机身主要部件均采用有限元分析软件进行分析,确保了机床的可靠性及整体的精度;2.两侧主油缸突破传统机械挡块式折弯机的行程控制方式,而是采用了德国进口电液伺服及进口栅尺构成的闭环控制方式,滑块位置反馈精度高,运行准确平稳,同步性能好,折弯精度、滑块的重复定位精度高;3.后挡料中的功能部件均采用进口件,确保了后挡料的挡料精度,并可根据客户需求采用功能更为齐全的多个后挡料轴的后挡料机构液压系统均采用德国进口的集成控制系统,减少了管路的安装,确保了机床的工作稳定性,外形简洁美观机身两侧装有C型板,高精度逛栅尺安装在C型板上,从而避免了折弯时机身变形对折弯精度的影响;4.下工作台具有液压挠度自动补偿机构,实现了无盲区有效补偿,折弯精度高,确保长期稳定;5.数控系统采用意大利ESA、荷兰DELEM或瑞士CYBELEC公司的电液伺服压力自动计算与自动调整,自动计算工作台变形补偿量、工件展开长度、压低折弯压力、开口距离、后挡料自动退让等功能。2.2折弯机结构特点31.采用全钢焊结构,具有足够的强度和刚性。 2.液压上传动,机床两端的油缸安置于滑块上,直接驱动滑动工作。 3.滑块同步机构采用扭轴强迫同步。 4.采用机械档块结构,稳定可靠。 5.滑块行程机动快速调,手动微调,计数器显示。 6.斜楔式的挠度补偿机构,以保证获得较高的折弯精度。 2.3板料折弯机的选择若采用数控板料折弯工艺,首先应解决如何选用理想设备的问题。国内外数控板料折弯机几乎都是液压传动的。常用的有一下三种结构形式。上动式即滑块带动凸模向下运动。为了保证滑块工作行程和回程时,不因滑块承受偏载和左右油缸管道阻力的差异造成滑块相对于工作台倾斜,从而影响工件成形质量,通常都配备滑块运动同步控制系统。上运式易于配备机械或液压同步控制系统。机械同步装置结构简单、造价低,且能获得一定的同步精度,但承受偏载的能力较差,因此只适合于中小型液压板料折弯机。液压同步系统有机械液压伺服同步系统,适合于要求高折弯精度的板料折弯机。但技术复杂,造价高。下动式即滑块安装在机床下部,并带动凹模向上运动。工作油缸安置于滑块中央位置,公称力小时为单缸,公称力大是为三缸。由于工作油缸集中于滑块中部,是滑块与横梁变形一致,凹凸模具之间的间隙在滑块全长上比较均匀,故工件折弯精度较高。滑块回程靠自重,因而液压系统简单。下动式的优点是重量轻、结构紧凑、便于维修;缺点是同步精度不高;单作用缸解决滑块倾斜问题有困难;精确控制凸模进入凹模深度较难;不适用于冲切;且工作台上的凹模带着工件向上运行,操作者不易操作4。2.4钣金的折弯 是指改变板材或板件角度的加工。如将板材弯成V形,U形等。一般情况下,钣金折弯有两种方法:一种方法是模具折弯,用于结构比较复杂,体积较小、大批量加工的钣金结构;另一种是折弯机折弯,用于加工结构尺寸比较大的或产量不是太大的钣金结构。目前公司产品的折弯主要采用折弯机加工。这两种折弯方式有各自的原理,特点以及适用性。折弯力的计算5: 0.6Kbt2F= _ r+t F 折弯力 t 板厚 r 折弯圆弧 b 弯曲件宽度 K 系数1.3 抗拉强度2.5模具折弯对于年加工量在5000件以上,零件尺寸不是太大的结构件(一般情况为300300),一般考虑开冲压模具加工。2.6常用折弯模具 常用折弯模具,如图2所示:为了延长模具的寿命,零件设计时,尽可能采用圆角。图 2 专用的成形模具过小的弯边高度,即使用折弯模具也不利于成形,一般弯边高度L3t(包括壁厚)。2.7折弯机折弯折弯机分普通折弯机和数控折弯机两种。精度要求较高,折弯形状不规则的钣金折弯一般用数控折弯机折弯,其基本原理就是利用折弯机的折弯刀(上模)、V形槽(下模),对钣金件进行折弯和成形。 优点:装夹方便,定位准确,加工速度快; 缺点:压力小,只能加工简单的成形,效率较低。2.8成形基本原理成形基本原理如图3所示:图 3 成形基本原理1) 折弯刀(上模)折弯刀的形式如图1-3所示,加工时主要是根据工件的形状需要选用,2) 下模一般用V=6t(t为料厚)模。影响折弯加工的因素有许多,主要有上模圆弧半径、材质、料厚、下模强度、下模的模口尺寸等因素。见图4左边为上模,右边为下模。图4 数孔折弯模示意图折弯加工顺序的基本原则:1) 由内到外进行折弯;2) 由小到大进行折弯;3) 先折弯特殊形状,再折弯一般形状;4) 前工序成型后对后继工序不产生影响或干涉。目前的外协厂见到的折弯形式一般都是如图5所示。图5 折弯机折弯形式 折弯半径:钣金折弯时,在折弯处需有折弯半径,折弯半径不宜过大或过小,应适当选择。折弯半径太小容易造成折弯处开裂,折弯半径太大又使折弯易反弹6。 折弯回弹如图6:图6折弯回弹示意图1)回弹角=b-a式中 b回弹后制件的实际角度;a模具的角度。2.9折弯时的干涉现象:对于二次或二次以上的折弯,经常出现折弯工件与刀具相碰出现干涉,如图7所示,黑色部分为干涉部分,这样就无法完成折弯,或者或者因为折弯干涉导致折弯变形。 图 7折弯的干涉 折弯刀种类如图8所示: 图8折弯刀2.10一次压死边:一次压死边的方法:如图9所示,先用30度折弯刀将板材折成30度,再将折弯边压平。图9 压死边的方法图中的最小折弯边尺寸L按照中描述的一次折弯边的最小折弯边尺寸加0.5t(t为材料厚度)。压死边一般适用于板材为不锈钢、镀锌板、覆铝锌板等。电镀件不宜采用,因为压死边的地方会有夹酸液的现象。2.11 180度折弯7 180度折弯的方法:如图10所示,先用30度折弯刀将板才折成30度,再将折弯边压平,压平后抽出垫板。图10 180度折弯的方法 高度H应该选择常用的板材,如0.5、0.8、1.0、1.2、1.5、2.0,一般这个高度不宜选择更高的尺寸。2.12三重折叠压死边8如图11所示,先折形,再折死边。图11三重折叠压死边3.1塑料板折弯机专利1)塑料板材折弯成型装置9 本实用新型的目的是这样实现的:一种塑料板材折弯成型装置,包括工作平台、折弯机及其电气控制回路,所述工作平台上或其延伸部设有加热部件,该加热部件四周水平放置有冷却部件;所述折弯机上刀架设有能对折弯成型后的塑料板材进行冷却定型的可控喷淋机构,所述的加热部件为至少一支电发热管。所述冷却部件为金属水管回路,该管内通有冷却自来水。在工作平台上开有至少一个缺口,并在缺口内装有限位开关。所述折弯机上刀架可控喷淋机构包括与自来水源连通的且横向固定在刀架的半封闭水管,该水管管壁下部沿轴向钻有一排喷水小孔。下面结合附图以及实施例对本实用新型折弯机进一步详细说明:图1-1是本实用新型的工作平台及其加热、冷却部件结构示意图。图1-2是图1-1的A-A剖视图。图1-3是本实用新型加热板材时的示意图。图1-4是本实用新型的折弯机及可控喷淋机构结构示意图。图1-5是图1-4左视图。 图1-1 图1-2 图1-3 图1-4 图1-5塑料板折弯机10 本实用新型的有益效果是:使用时,对待折弯的塑料板放置在工作面板上,使其折角边对齐支撑板与翻折版之间的间隙,启动设备,让压板装置将塑料板一端压紧固定,同时左、右支架沿导轨滑动至工作面板上方,对发热板进行电加热,待发热板的温度适合时,左、右升降气缸带动连接板。发热板下降,使发热板底面对塑料板折角边进行高温加热,一段时间后,塑料板折角边在高温下软化,然后,机架上的齿轮传动机构带动连接轴、翻折版转动一定角度,从而将塑料板进行折弯,通过本设备将手工焊接转变为全自动的机器操作,极大的提高了加工效率,简化了加工难度,降低了劳动成本,且所加工出来塑料板其折角处具有密封性好、不易漏水之优点。附图说明下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型进一步说明。图2-1是本实用新型的结构示意图;图2-2是图1中A处的放大图;图2-3是本实用新型的机构示意图。 图2-1 图2-2 图2-3 参照图2-1、图2-2、图2-3,塑料板折弯机,包括机架1,所述机架1上设备有加热装置2及工作面板3,该加热装置2包括左、右支架21、22,所述左、右支架21、22活动安装机架1上,位于左、右支架21、22上分别设有左、右升降气缸4、5,所述左、右升降气缸4、5之间通过连接板6相连,位于连接板6下端吊设有发热板7,所述工作面板3包括支撑板31和可旋转的翻折版32,该支撑板31与翻折版32之间有间隙,在支撑板31上设有压板装置8.在本实用新型中,所述机架1左、右两侧设有导轨11,所述左、右支架21、22活动活动嵌装在导轨11.总结 塑料折弯机的功能主要是对多规格的塑料类板材进行不同角度的折弯加工。塑料折弯机可以对塑料板材进行多种角度的折弯,广泛应用于通讯、电子、电器、机械类等多种行业的机箱、机柜及内部构件等。介绍几款塑料折弯机以及金属板材折弯机的特点,总结出塑料折弯机的功能要求有:角度准、速度快、效率高等。对塑料折弯工艺进行分析,介绍一次压死边、180度折弯和三重折叠压死边等折弯方法;介绍折弯形式、折弯过程中的干涉现象、折弯力计算方法以及成型原理等。 目前塑料折弯机都诉求于连续高效的加工模式,并且要保证较好的折弯精度。因此折弯机逐渐加入数控控制和自动上下料机构,使得加工效率和精度提高。未来可以将折弯机的结构优化,使得其体积更小,适用范围更广泛,可以加工多种形状的板材,折弯范围更大等。参考文献 1 /view/1119687.html 2 /view/fe01542abd64783e09122ba3.html 3 4 李华志.数控加工工艺与装备M.北京:清华大学出版社,2005. 5 林清安.Pro/ENGINEER 2001钣金设计M.北京:清华大学出版社,2001 6 彭诗林等.钣金件结构设计工艺手册M 7 魏龙祥.W67K400/4000型数控板料折弯机简介J.上海机床,1997,02期 8 彭诗林等.钣金件结构设计工艺手册M 9 伍时雄.塑料板折弯机成型装置P.中国:00267582.X,2001 10 刘世全.塑料板折弯机P.中国:CN 201446703 U,2009 11 /art.php?id=2060 重 庆 理 工 大 学文 献 翻 译二级学院 重庆汽车学院 班 级 0840205 学生姓名 钱晓军 学 号 10804020519译 文 要 求1、译文内容必须与课题(或专业)内容相关,并需注明详细出处。2、外文翻译译文不少于2000字;外文参考资料阅读量至少3篇(相当于10万外文字符以上)。3、译文原文(或复印件)应附在译文后备查。 译 文 评 阅导师评语(应根据学校“译文要求”,对学生外文翻译的准确性、翻译数量以及译文的文字表述情况等作具体的评价) 指导教师: 年 月 日曲板和金属板双楔系统折弯机摘要 一个折弯机或其它机械钣金或薄板弯曲金属、由一个框架、一个安装在框架上的基座,和一个安装在框架上的可移动连杆。移动的连杆装配于一个相对金属床向弯板料和板材被安置在连杆和机床之间包括第一和第二楔子,框架的第二个方向,朝着离床弯曲操作的连杆。第一和第二的斜坡表面相对楔子装配一个执行机构。第一和第二的楔子是驱动动力分配挂钩,以平衡整个连杆。 一个游标尺水平安装通常装配在连杆和楔子上、允许设置一个数值范围控制切换组件的方式来控制连杆运动向下所需的点。折弯机可以装配一个旋转机械装置使连杆绕相对于机座位置在选定的连杆角相对的机床上的轴转动。说明书本发明领域 本发明涉及通过一个楔型激活系统使用移动的连杆和一个机床压在一起来弯曲金属板或板弯曲板和金属板的机械装置。本发明的背景与总结在以前的技术中,重型机器的金属板弯曲和金属板已经使用了单个楔子的驱动系统来提供压力和切削力。但是运用之前技术的机械结构没有提供了本发明的优点。本发明的特点是折弯机,或其它类似重型的板料弯曲或金属板弯曲机器。本发明包括一个框架、一个安装在框架上的机座,和一个安装在框架上的可移动连杆。连杆有一个较低水平较低的边缘,其中有一个凹模,其中有一个横向延伸的V形槽接口齿冲。在移动连杆和机座上,弯曲的金属之间有一个装配有倾斜的坡道表面和滑动表面之间移动的第一个和第二个楔子。沿斜面的楔形的运动引起的坡道走向机座。双楔驱动执行机构,定位之间的两楔子。执行机构可以是一个单一的单位,或双单元。 驱动执行器连接楔子,他们在第一和第二方向上移动。楔子运动适用于力,以使其从机座上移动到连杆。由于执行机构的定位是两者之间的楔子,楔子应用于连杆的力量被作用于连杆的两个末端从而作用力均匀分布于连杆上。 二个楔子通过这种方式互相连接例如链接板材,因此一个楔子的运动转移力量到第二个楔子和第一个楔子移动相同的距离。两个楔子的联动提供连杆的啮合冲压的边缘水平V形凹模槽要保持平行,并且提供力量均匀施加给连杆的末端以及整个连杆。 平衡横跨连杆的力量使得均匀和笔直的弯曲金属板和板材被安置在连杆和床身之间。 在一个实施例中致动器包括一对电源,例如液压或气压缸,其有不同的电源输出。电源的每一个可有一个驱动部件,其从推动地是与一个各自的楔子有关的它的外部的端延伸的。此双楔紧作用横跨压头进一步允许一个平衡力。随着一次两重政权操作,动力的变化形态可成为更容易应用于压头的。例如汽缸中的一个可在操作的某阶段被使用这些快速地移动压头到与金属板一起的积极参与或在弯曲之前的板,然后当更多力更多力被期望应用于弯曲板或片的时候,两个汽缸可被使用。 在一个实施例中一个单汽缸组件可和连接到压头或构架的汽缸一起使用,用从汽缸延伸的驱动部件移动楔子中的一个。连接楔子的那些月牙板夹板使两个楔子被单个致动器移动。在另一个实施例中例如一个单个液压或气压缸的致动器可以有从它的相对两端延伸的传动杆,以被连接到楔子,以移动楔子,以使压头移向和远离用于弯曲操作的床。与致动器一起,是否这是双汽缸布置或单汽缸设置,在两个楔子之间的,横跨压头的力的均匀分布发生,一个密实结构也被提供。系统因而允许由与床有关的压头的插入运动提供机械利益的应用。在楔子之间的致动器的配置进一步关于机器的最后允许缺乏阻塞。 安装到楔子的各方的导板在滑动期间使楔子走上正轨。侧板有导向器由此延伸其接触压头和滑动部件,以提供稳定的和光滑的运动,与装在接合部件上的润滑剂一起。 本发明进一步提供一个成比例的装置,其调整压头的运动,其包括一个安装到组件的组件,其与压头一起例如在优选实施例中的月牙板夹板上移动。它有与楔形组件有关的另一组件,例如被安装在优选实施例中的月牙板夹板上,在优选实施例中的组件是其一个凸轮。装置,用于进一步调整运动,包括一个开关,其与压头有关,其有装置,以与凸轮相互作用例如通过一个凸轮臂。凸轮可绊倒开关,以控制向下运动或压头的贯入深度进入床。用于调整的装置包括一个刻度组件,其有一个与楔形组件有关的规模,例如在凸轮上。凸盘秤朝向床可相对于压头的渗透的最深处被调整。另一规模组件通常水平地相对于楔形组件延伸,例如水平地在月牙板夹板上。凸盘秤可被调整并相对于其它规模组件被设置朝向床因而设置压头的向下运动的最深处。那些二进制记数法组件可形成一个游标尺设置在设置中允许大的准确度向下渗透的位置。第二凸轮可与一个开关相互作用阻止压头在与片或板一起的接触前一会儿。第三个凸轮可激活一个开关,以限制压头的向上的旅行。 在另一个实施例中,压弯机设置有用于枢轴的转轴装置压头围绕与上述床有关的枢轴线。一个螺栓通过第二楔子,以为第二楔子接通它的相关的导板,和月牙板夹板,如果提供。转轴装置包括一个安装组件,其用于调整地将所述第一斜坡部件安装到上述构架,以便所述第一斜坡部件的水平位置可有选择地在上述压头的运动前设置。在第一斜坡部件的第一构架和一个外表面之间,转轴装置进一步包括一个线性运动装置可操作地连接,以移动朝向第二斜坡部件和在第二方向中远离第二斜坡部件的在一个第一方向中的第一斜坡部件。因而,与第二斜坡部件有关的第一斜坡部件的运动相对于第一楔子使第一斜坡部件移动并引起压头到围绕枢轴线的枢轴。安装组件优选地包括一个水平构件,第一斜坡部件具有在它的角的表面的对面的基本上水平面。第一斜坡部件通过一个相互配合的槽和tennon设置滑动地是安装到安装组件的水平构件的。那些线性运动装置优选地是一个螺栓,其通过一条腿,其平行于第一斜坡部件的外表面延伸。螺栓被连接到第一斜坡部件的外表面,以便它可以推并拉第一斜坡部件当它被旋转时。 折弯机或其余类似本发明的折弯试验机,提供不同于以前的优于现有技术之处的成果。附图的描述图1图1是显示一台屈挠试验机实施例的一个正立面图,其用于以一台压弯机的形式弯曲片和金属板,具有在向上的位置展示的压头; 图2 图9图2是图1的机器的右端点视图;图3图3是图1的机器的前视图,用前部的月牙板夹板和开关控制标签,其在短划线展示的,不显示那些前部的导板和后方通信线路板;图4图4是机器的前视图,与在短划线展示的和不显示为以图3的相同部件一起,与比图1和3的在一个更低位置展示的压头一起;图5 图6图5是机器的前视图,与在短划线展示的和不显示为以图3的相同部件一起,与在它的用于弯曲金属板和板的底部位置展示的压头一起;图6是在它的图1和3的位置的机器的俯视图; 图7 图8图7是一个剖视,其承担线7-7图1;图8是承担线8的一个剖视-图6的8;图9是承担线9的一个剖视-图3的9。优选实例描述综述首先给出的是一个总体描述一个发明的第一个实施方式。首先谈及对在图1-12展示的实施例,一台压弯机机器20,用于弯曲片和金属板,具有一个平稳的构架22,安装到构架22的一张床24,和安装到构架22的一个压头26,以移向和远离床24。一个组件28(图3)为移动压头26相对于床24弯片和金属的板包括第一及第二滑动三角土楔32和34,保护压头26的顶部的第一及第二滑板滑床板36和38,和第一及第二铲煤板40和42,其保护在那些滑板滑床板36和38上方的构架22的。在滑板滑床板36和斜坡40之间的楔子32滑动,而同时在滑板滑床板38和斜坡42之间的楔子34滑动。装置48,用于起动楔子运动,包括不同尺寸被证明是的第一及第二液压缸50和52。汽缸50和52具有向内地延伸部件54和56,其通过一个联接板62的58和60(图6)的基本东西安装。当通过一压头26的中上层端的焊接点的时候,板62被固定。滑动的那些汽缸50和52动力驱动部件68和70,其从汽缸50和52的外端伸出。驱动部件68和70被连接到具有基本东西75的传动杆72和74。传动杆72和74是依次推动地连接到楔子32和34的。那些杆72和74在一个第一方向中可以因而滑动那些楔子32和34在图1的左方和3-5,以移动朝向床24的压头26,以弯曲一个金属板或板于此之间找到,以在朝向图1和3-5的权利的第二方向中,移动压头26远离床24,以允许移动或弯曲的片或板的重定位。因而,当那些楔子32和34通过那些汽缸50和52被移向左侧的时候,压头26通过间接触被移向床24或那些楔子32和34的合作与那些斜坡40和42一起。一对90和92(图6)的前部和后部导板分别被安装在正面和楔子32的后部,而同时前部和后部导板96和98也安装到正面的和楔子34的后部,分别。那些楔子32和34的那些导板90,92,96和98界限旅行在它们的各自的滑板滑床板36和38和斜坡40和42。前部和后部连杆板104和106被固定到导板96和98通过基本东西108和110经由那里的经过和通过楔子32和34。那些月牙板夹板104和106允许力那移动通过汽缸50的楔子32,以被转移到楔子34,也从汽缸52至楔子34允许力的转移,以被转移到楔子32。月牙板夹板104和106因而允许一个相等的施力楔子32和34的每一个,以及通过那些楔子32和34的相等的施力允许到压头26末端。这提供维持压头26的下边带,与床24的上边缘平行的,和为一个平的施力通过压头26针对片或被弯曲的金属的板。一个比例尺缩放组件107(图10和11)包括安装在月牙板夹板104上的通常水平地延伸的刻度片107a,其与一通常水平地相应的延伸的在凸轮盘107c上的规模107b相互作用。凸轮盘107c可调整地与月牙板夹板104有关的组合。凸轮盘107d和107e(图1)也是调整地安装到月牙板夹板104的。安装到压头26的前面的是三开关107f,107g,107h,每个有凸轮臂109,带有滚子,其分别与凸轮盘107c,107d和107e的表面相互作用。凸轮盘107c和开关107f相对于床28控制压头26的向下运动。在凸轮107c上的刻度片107a和107b上的这样的组件具有随意地可以彼此对齐的垂直的记号,以便可调凸轮107c可被移向定在预期的点,以阻止在向下运动的预期的点的压头26。图1-12实例的更多详细说明 一在图1-12展示的实施例的更多详细说明现在将被给。构架22包括每个具有以图2的用于直立112的一显示为114和116的上下C状的开口的一对立杆111和112。床24包括具有它的内部的一个垂直的金属板调整地安装到每个直立111和112的前沿的在C状的开口116下。床24充当在压过程中的下颚,有一个阴模,带有在它的上端中的一个V型槽120。压头26包括一个上下轴承垂直的颚夹板124,其中一个下齿冲床126被附上。齿部冲床126具有一个水平下边带127。压头板124的上边缘是焊在槽楔滑块板36和38的下面的因而安装压头26移动组件28。当那些液压缸50和52被激活,以移动描述的那些驱动部件68和70和依旧往返滑动那些楔子32和34的传动杆72和74的时候,压头板126和齿部冲床126依靠那些滑板滑床板36和38的压头板126连接被上下移动。当通过焊接的时候,压头板126的正面具有保护它的金属开关安装板130。那些开关107f,107g和107h被安装在转辙器垫板130的顶部。构架22包括固定位置楔子板150和152,其中组件28的上部被安装。在直立111和112(图2)的构架中的矩形槽口中的固定楔子板150和152合适的上端在C状的开口114的顶部上方找到,由焊接担保的。固定楔子150和152分别具有它们的更低斜棱,其由焊对有倾向的斜坡40和42的顶面担保的。那些前部的导板90和96,如同在图7和8中更清楚地看到,具有向内地上部延伸焊在其内部的边缘156。后面的导板92和98同样具有焊在其内部的边缘158。一对螺栓159是螺纹向下的通过边缘156和158的每一个,具有保护调节板160和162的更低螺栓端。那些板160和162具有塑料制品的平面三明治片166和有在其向下的面开口之间的低摩擦系数的金属,以邻接斜坡40和42的顶面。在每一前部的导板90和96以内焊在更低的,是边缘170。以图3,4,5那些前部的导板90和96不被显示,虽然图3-5确实显示由此延伸和那些板160,和更低内法兰170和与此关联的那些板178一样的那些上部内法兰156。后面的导板92和98同样具有焊在其内部的边缘172。螺栓174向上地通过那些边缘170和172是螺纹,具有保护板178和180的螺栓端。塑料制品的平面三明治片182和有一个低摩擦系数的金属在板178和180中的向上地面开口之内是邻接滑板滑床板36和38的下面。当可最好地被看到在图7中,前部的导板96与它的相关的上下边缘156和170和那些调节板160和178形式或确定一个前部的C形夹。类似地,一个后部的C形夹由其组成后导板板98与它的相关的上下边缘一起158和172和那些调节板162和180。相似的C形夹由包围楔子32的正面和背面导板90和92组成。正面和背面C形夹被调整使用螺栓159以便那些顶板160和162邻接或接触上表面斜坡40和42和那些下夹板178和180被调整使用螺栓174,以便他们和板36和38的下表面接触。沿着滑板滑床板36和38的下面的C形夹板178和180滑动,而同时沿着斜坡40和42的上表面的上部C形夹板160和162滑动。那些螺栓159和174允许在压力中的可调性,其被那些C形夹板160,162,178和180应用。如上所述,当那些楔子32和34通过那些汽缸50和52被移向左侧的时候,压头26通过间接触被移向床24或那些楔子32和34的合作与斜坡40和42的下面一起。当那些楔子32和34通过那些汽缸50和52被移向右的时候,压头26通过间接触向上地被移动远离床24或那些C形夹板160和162的合作与那些斜坡40和42的顶面一起。其是当楔子被移向右时,当他们沿着那些斜坡40和42的顶面乘坐时,那些C形夹顶板160和162将被迫走直线。如同可被珍视一样,因为那些主夹板178和180是可操作地连接到通过那些边缘和导板的那些顶板160和162的,当那些顶板160和162向上地走直线时,那些主夹板178和180向上地将也被走直线。因而,那些主夹板作为楔子将向上地推那些板36和38被移向右。当那些板36和38被连接到压头26时,压头26将向上地被移动。因而,本质上,那些楔子用于推夯实,那些C形夹用于拉预填。安装到压头板126的上边缘的在固定楔子150和152的每一个的左方,从图1的角度,3-6和12,是阻尼组件190和192的对。那些组件190和192是相同的,因此相同的基准数用于相似的部件。那些组件190和192具有一对三角的凹字楔安装板194。如同为在放大的图12附图中的组件190更清楚地看到一样,每一对板194作为通过焊对板196分别被固定,那依次是焊在压头板124的顶部的。交叉凹字楔支承板200具有它们的外面,其当通过三角片194的最高的垂直的边缘的焊接的时候固定。一对调节螺钉204贯穿于支承板200和熊进入在凹字楔板210中的部分的孔以便调整地安装板210。轴承材料214的垫被安装在那些外表面固定楔子150和152,以邻接那些板210的内部。如同将在下面被解释一样,机器20被操作与板210有关的轴承材料214滑动的时候。那些前述的凹字楔垫和板210和214,形成一个滑动接口,其阻止力从被转移到机器20的构架22的压头的水平运动,以减少机器零件的消耗,和外貌损伤。那些汽缸50和52不同的直径被证明是。例如,与一50吨一起压,汽缸52能够是一2.5英寸(6.35厘米)直径汽缸,和汽缸52能够是一4英寸(10.16厘米)直径汽缸。随着此结合,2.5英寸(6.35厘米)汽缸52用于从图3位置至图4位置的压头26的快的进展能够被采用,其恰好在板或片的弯曲之前。从那点,那些汽缸50和52两个能够被使用,用于弯曲片或板。汽缸尺寸的许多变化可被使用,那些汽缸50和52能够被选择具有相同尺寸。那些汽缸50和52被水力管226(图1)馈送,其被连接到一个液压源228,同样本领域已知的。虽然一个液压源被说明,一个气体动力源和气压缸也能被使用,有螺母和空程离合器的旋转螺丝钉可以被采用,以移动每一楔子,当可以其他合适的动力和驱动装置。那些基本东西108和110,如图7和8所示,通过前部和后部月牙板夹板104和106的每一个延伸,通过那些前部和后部导板90和92,96和98分别,通过那些各自的楔子32和34。如图7所示,用于楔子34和导板96和98,那些侧板90和92,96和98,针对各自的楔子32和34的各方整洁地合适的。这阻止那些楔子32和34偷偷跑掉从接合与所有表面一起它们的各自的滑动36和38和斜坡40和42。图7和8也显示每一楔子32和34具有一个上部凹部,其接收塑料制品的平面三明治片240和有一个低摩擦系数的金属,和一个更低凹部,其接收喜欢物质的平面三明治片242。那些片240和242帮助减少在那些楔子和它们的邻近的滑动和斜坡之间的磨擦,减少消耗,提供平滑器操作。可选地,滚子可代替了片240和242。通过在设计和制造阶段期间改变那些楔子32和34的倾斜角,应用于压头的总力可以被增加或减少。那些传动杆72和74,关于杆72以图9如图示的,具有其在楔子32和34中的长方形槽之内延伸,其通过焊接可以被固定到楔子的端。更详细地现在谈及对比例尺缩放组件107,凸轮盘107c,107d和107e的每一个,如同被在图10和11的放大图展示的凸轮盘107c例证一样,有一水平有一个左有倾向的下边带252的更低中心边缘250和对其各方的一个权利斜棱254。如图10和11为凸轮盘107c所示的,那些凸轮盘107c,107d和107e与边缘260和262一起每个都具有一个槽钢截面在月牙板夹板104每一边延伸。一个调整螺266通过施压于月牙板夹板104的表面的前部的边缘260延伸而且因此保持在位置的凸轮盘107c。刻度片107a已经开缝于端接收螺栓268那拧紧进入在月牙板夹板104中的孔,以持有向那里的规模107a。看图10,在凸轮盘107c上的规模107b的垂直的标记和在规模107a上的垂直的标记是空间,以允许在游标尺方式中的二进制记数法组件的定位。在所示的实施例中以图1-12,相对于压头26的月牙板夹板104(或楔子32和34)的旅行的比是大约3.2到1。在规模组件107a和107b上的垂直的标记是根据这样的比的空间。如前所述,左侧开关107f相对于床24的阴模的水平V型槽120控制向下齿部冲床126的更低水平边缘127的渗透的点。因而,通过设置相对于规模107a的规模107b的位置,水平压头齿部冲头镶块127的更低延伸的点被控制。为规模107a显示的横尺度设置和规模107b允许大的准确度比与一个垂直地延伸的规模一起,自规模设置利用相对于压头26的月牙板夹板104的运动的大的比以来。这允许点的准确的和准确度类似的控制或向下凸轮26的渗透的程度。其它开关107g和107h也行动对控制滑枕运动。在与片一起的接触或被弯曲的板前一会儿的有开关107g停顿点的臂的凸轮盘107d(方法凸轮)的接合压头26的运动。有开关107h的臂的凸轮盘107e的接合激活那开关,以阻止压头26的向上的旅行。合适的电路为那些开关107f,107g和107h接通电源228,当本领域已知的时候,通过带如前所述的开关的凸轮盘的接合激活并无效电源228。现在转到对在图13展示的第二实施例的描写,一台压弯机机器20具有一个单个液压缸300,与图1-12的双液压缸设置形成对照。图13实施例显示一个联接板302当通过焊对压头26的上边缘的时候固定。汽缸300具有从它的右端点延伸的一个部件304,其作为通过联接板302的一个螺母及螺栓306被固定。在汽缸300a驱动部件310滑行地延伸至由一个螺母及螺栓312连接对一个传动杆314。如同为图1-12实施例演示一样,传动杆314以同样的方式依次是连接到左边楔子32的。那些楔子32和34以同样的方式推动地是互相连接的楔子32和34由月牙板夹板连接在图1-12实施例中作为104和106说明。以图13前部的月牙板夹板104的轮廓在短划线展示,而同时后方通信线路板106作为月牙板夹板104具有相同的位置。单个液压缸300驱动部件310和传动杆312,以移动往返的楔子32,与连杆一起通过那些月牙板夹板104和106也打入式造斜楔34对楔子32运动往返等距的。那些楔子32和34滑动沿着滑动36和38和斜坡40和42以同样的方式如同为图1-12实施例描述一样,以移动压头26朝向和远离床24。那些月牙板夹板104和106,如同图1-12实施例一样,允许相等的施力到压头26末端,相等的力允许横跨在弯曲期间的压头齿部边缘127。以图13的其他组件被给质数,其与用于以图1-12的组件的数量相对应的。图13单汽缸实施例在相对于压头运用的动力的变化更少地被需要的地方在位置中可成为优选的。图14修改显示一台压弯机机器20,其中一个单个液压缸400被使用。压头26和床24的位置从图1-12的实施例的被颠倒。压头26被显示在床24下定位。向上地弯金属板和板的运动组件28行为,以驱动压头26,其在压头26和床24之间的,以移动压头26向下的远离床24,以允许移动或那些弯曲的片和板的重定位。汽缸400具有它的端,其保护压头26通过一对尖角括号402持有在固定压头26的关系中的汽缸400的下面的。从汽缸400的两端延伸的是传动杆406和408。杆406的最后是螺纹,其进入楔子32推动地移动楔子32的内部的端。在一个杆408的最后上,杆408的外端通过楔子34延伸由一个螺栓410螺纹固定。环414在点其中的那些传动杆406和408周围可成为螺纹他们延伸进入楔子32和34。图15和16显示一台压弯机机器20其中压头26可被移动或与构架22把一个倾斜角给与压头26有关的枢轴以便压头26枢轴将与床24有关的。一个L形的部件500在楔子板150上方被固定到直立111构架22。L部件500具有一个细长第一支柱502,其沿着楔子板150和延伸向下的一条短引线504,与楔子板150的外表面平行的的顶部延伸。一个螺栓506通过第一个腿502进入直立111将L部件固定到构架22上。如图17所示,腿502具有在它的下表面中的燕尼服曲形槽508。楔子板150在它的上表面上具有一个相应的燕尼服成形的tennon510,其滑行地是容纳在槽508中的。因而,然而那些楔子板150,150和150图1-14的实施例是被固定到压弯机机器的构架,楔子板150的可相对于构架22沿着与压头26平行的一条路径被移动和其由tennon510和槽508定义。一个螺栓孔512通过L部件的第二回合504延伸,一个螺栓孔514形成于外表面楔子板150,那些螺栓孔512和514彼此是同轴的。一个螺栓516通过L部件500的螺栓孔512,以容纳在楔子板150的螺栓孔514中。以图15,压头26被证明是一般与床24平行的。正如大家从比较图15和16中所看到的,当螺栓516被旋转的时候,螺栓516将贯穿于L部件500的腿504,以推动到右,如图15所示的楔子板150。当楔子板150被移向右,如图16所示,以便楔子板150的外表面与滑板滑床板36的外表面一起是不再共平面的时候。当移动到右时,楔子板150将与楔子32相互作用,引起压头到枢轴,其围绕螺栓110在压头26的对面。这在压的左边将在压头26和床24之间缩小差距,但是在压的右边的基本上不变的压头和床之间留下间隔。当压头26被设置为一个预期的角,压弯机20的操作与图1-12的压弯机20的操作等同的时候。操作运动组件28与被楔子传输的向下压力的如上所述的那和变速箱等同,将在两个楔子之间被传输,如上所述,以横跨压头维持一个等压力。不过,因为压头26的左边低于压头的右边,关于图15和16,压头的齿部冲床将更向前进入床的模比在其它上的一侧。这将使得压弯机机器,其比如果压弯机机器被限制在一种平行的关系,这会是另外能做的用于做在金属片中的更多类型弯,其在压头26和床24之间。例如,压弯机机器将使渐弱类型弯曲,当床和压头是平行的时候其不可以被做。在图18展示的压弯机机器20和19类似在图14展示的压弯机机器20。在压制动踏板控制器20中压头26的位置和床24从图15-16的实施例的被颠倒。在床下,压头26被显示定位24。那些运动组件28行为驱动向上地弯金属板和在压头26之间的板和床24的压头26,以移动压头26向下的远离床24,以允许移动或那些弯曲的片和plates.The压弯机机器20的重定位设置有L形的部件500,以相对于床在螺栓110周围使得压头26的枢轴24。如图18所示,压头26和床24在一种平行的关系和图19展示,压头枢轴部件500的螺栓516被旋转,以移动横向相对于构架22.As的楔子板150,其在图18和19中看到,楔子34稍微更改,包括一个部分598,其超出构架的外表面22延伸。34楔子的此延伸。作为楔子34被提供用来容纳楔子34的自左向右运动,通过运动组件28被移向右(关于图18和19)。如同可以图20被看到一样,构架22从图1-12的构架22是稍微不同。构架22包括停留在四英尺602上的一个底板600。一对直立111和112从基座600的对面向上地延伸。基座600包括左右部件604,于其上,直立111和112站。正面和背面叉形杆件606在左右部件604下在左右两边部件604之间延伸,以直立111和112连接。第602那些脚被安装在那些叉形杆件606的下面。直立111和112是优选地正确的三角的并有一个通常垂直的前沿。一个后导板板610被安装,当通过焊接,对每一直立111和112和一个前部的导板612的前沿从后导板板610在前部从基座600空间向上地延伸。那些正面和背面导板612和610三明治压头26和床24导向26压头的上下向运动。与那些导板90,92,96不同,和图1-12的98压弯机20,那些导板610和612延伸压弯机的高度。换言之,他们从基座600的顶部伸出到压头的顶部26。那些正面和背面板612和610被那些螺栓108互连,其通过压头枢轴部件500的臂502延伸。从转轴装置500的在压弯机机器的对面的那些板610和612由螺栓连接110。因为那些板610和612可操作地是连接到那些楔子板150和152的,那些板610和612将转移力,其由和图1-12的那些正面和背面导板96和98同样的方法的运动组件28的汽缸的每一个产生的。因而,当压头26与床平行24的时候,横跨压头26应用的压力将不变和在压头的长度上相等。如上所述,当压头是枢轴的时候,其与通过压头枢轴组件500的床有关的,冲床齿部更向前进入模比在其它上的一端,导致一渐弱类型弯。驱动机构28的汽缸的活塞杆72的楔子板150的连接在图21展示。活塞杆72在它的端具有一阻碍620,带有一个向内地延伸的槽622。楔子板150具有一个手指624,其由此延伸,以容纳在槽622中。一个螺母及螺栓75通过阻碍620和楔块手指624,以固定活塞杆或传动轴72的楔块150。在图1-12的实施例中,斜坡40和42被显示安装到构架的,而同时那些水平滑动36和38被显示安装到压头的。这被认为是更适于图1-12实施例的,因为大的便利性和在安装压头板124的水平上边缘的那些水平滑动36和38方面缓和。不过,如果需要,斜坡能够被安装在压头,那些水平滑动能够被安装在构架上。同样在图13和14的实施例中,那些有倾向的斜坡能够被安装在压头,那些水平滑动能够被安装在构架。虽然一个液压缸设置被说明,气压缸,或其余驱动致动器,例如一个螺母和螺丝刀,能够被使用。除液压源228之外的电源、例如气动,电动机或螺线管等能够被使用。类似地,虽然一个螺栓被出示给移动楔子板150对枢轴压头26,螺栓可以被替换成任何其他线性运动装置,例如一个液压或气压缸,或一个螺母和螺丝刀。进一步,虽然螺栓516已经被证明是被拧入楔子板150的,螺栓能够被连接到楔子板150在任何其他常规的方式中,例如利用在楔子板的外表面上的连接器,其会允许螺栓旋转移动第一楔子板朝向和远离第二楔子板。对那些显而易见不同的其他修改,具有普通的技能,在不脱离本发明的精神的情况下本领域中可是为了优选实施例的上述的说明书,它仅限制于以下要求。Machine for bending sheet and plate metal through dual wedge systemAbstractA press brake, or other machine for bending sheet metal or plate metal, comprises a frame, a bed mounted to the frame, and a ram movably mounted to the frame. An assembly for moving the ram relative to the bed to bend sheets and plates of metal positioned between the ram and bed comprises first and second wedges, and first and second inclined ramp surfaces that the wedges slide relative to when moving in first and second directions relative to the frame to move the ram toward and away from the bed for bending operations. The assembly has an actuator which moves the first and second wedges relative to the ramp surfaces. The first and second wedges are drivingly linked to balance distribution of force across the ram. A Vernier scale assembly is mounted generally horizontally with the ram and wedges, to allow setting a scale component to control switching means to stop downward ram movement at a desired point. The press brake can be provided with a pivoting mechanism which enables the ram to be pivoted about an axis relative to the bed to position the ram at a selected angle relative to the bed.DescriptionFIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to machines for bending sheet and plate metal through use of a wedge activated system to move the ram and the bed of a press together to bend the metal sheets or plates.BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIn the prior art, heavy machines for bending plates and sheets of metal have used a wedge drive system to apply pressing or cutting force. However none of the prior art machines have employed structure that provides the advantages of the present invention.The present invention features a press brake, or other similar heavy machine for bending sheet metal or plate metal. The invention comprises a frame, a bed mounted to the frame, and a ram movably mounted to the frame. The ram has a lower tooth punch with a horizontal lower edge which interfaces with a female die which has a horizontally extending V-shaped slot. An assembly for moving the ram to and from the bed to bend the metal therebetween has first and second wedges which move between inclined ramp surfaces and slide surfaces. The movement of the wedge along the inclined surface causes the ramp to move toward and away from the bed. The dual wedges are driven by an actuator, positioned between the two wedges. The actuator can be a single unit, or double unit. The actuator is drivingly connected to the wedges to move them in first and second directions. The movement of the wedges applies force to the ram to cause it to move to and from the bed. Because the actuator is positioned between the two wedges, the force the wedges apply to the ram is applied to the two ends of the ram to thereby apply an even distribution of force across the ram. The two wedges are linked to each other by means such as link plates, so that the movement of one wedge transfers force to the second wedge to move it the same distance as the first wedge. The linkage of the two wedges provides for the horizontal edge of the ram tooth punch to be maintained parallel with the horizontal V-shaped slot of the female die, and provide for even distribution of force to the ends of the ram and across the ram. This balancing of force across the ram allows even and straight bending of the metal sheets and plates positioned between the ram and bed.In one embodiment the actuator comprises a pair of power sources such as hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders, which have different power outputs. Each of the power sources can have a drive member extending from its exterior end to be drivingly associated with a respective wedge. This dual wedge action further allows for a balancing force across the ram. With a dual power operation, a variation of power can be more easily applied to the ram. For example one of the cylinders can be used at a certain stage of the operation such to rapidly move the ram to close engagement with the metal sheet or plate prior to bending, and then both cylinders can be used when more force more force is desired to be applied to bend the plate or sheet.In one embodiment a single cylinder assembly can be used with the cylinder connected to the ram or frame, with a driving member extending from the cylinder to move one of the wedges. The link plates connecting the wedges cause both wedges to be moved by the single actuator. In another embodiment an actuator such as a single hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder can have a drive rod extending from each of its opposite ends to be connected to each of the wedges to move the wedges to cause the ram to move toward and away from the bed for bending operation.With the actuator, whether it be the dual cylinder arrangement or the single cylinder arrangement, positioned between the two wedges, an even distribution of force across the ram takes place, and a compact structure is also provided. The system thus allows for application of the mechanical advantage offered by the wedges in movement of the ram relative to the bed. The placement of the actuator between the wedges further allows for lack of congestion about the ends of the machine.Guide plates mounted to the sides of the wedges keep the wedges on track during sliding movement. The side plates have guide members extending therefrom which contact the ram and the slide members to provide for steady and smooth movement, with lubricant mounted within the engagement members.The present invention further provides for a scaled means for adjusting the movement of the ram, which comprises a component mounted to the assembly that moves with the ram, such as on the link plate in the preferred embodiment. It has another component associated with the wedge assembly, such as being mounted on the link plate in the preferred embodiment, which component in the preferred embodiment is a cam. The means for adjusting movement further comprises a switch that is associated with the ram which has means to interact with the cam, such as through a cam arm. The cam can trip the switch to control the downward movement or depth of penetration of the ram into the bed. The means for adjusting includes a scale assembly which has a scale associated with the wedge assembly such as on the cam. The cam scale can be adjusted relative to the depth of penetration of the ram toward the bed. Another scale component extends generally horizontally relative to the wedge assembly, such as horizontally on the link plate. The cam scale can be adjusted and set relative to the other scale component to thereby set the depth of downward movement of the ram toward the bed. The two scale components can form a Vernier Scale arrangement to allow for greater accuracy in setting the position of the downward penetration. A second cam can interact with a switch to stop the ram just before contact with the sheet or plate. A third cam can activate a switch to limit upward travel of the ram.In another embodiment, the press brake is provided with a pivoting mechanism for pivoting the ram about a pivot axis relative to said bed. A bolt passes through the second wedge to connect the second wedge to its associated guide plates, and link plates, if provided. The pivot mechanism comprises a mounting assembly for adjustably mounting said first ramp member to said frame, such that the horizontal position of said first ramp member can be selectively set prior to movement of said ram. The pivot mechanism further comprises a linear motion device operably connected between the first frame and an outer surface of the first ramp member to move the first ramp member in a first direction towards the second ramp member and in a second direction away from the second ramp member. Thus, movement of the first ramp member relative to the second ramp member causes the first ramp member to move relative to the first wedge and causes the ram to pivot about the pivot axis. The mounting assembly preferably includes a horizontal member and the first ramp member has a substantially horizontal surface opposite its angled surface. The first ramp member is slidably mounted to the horizontal member of the mounting assembly by means of an interfitting groove and tennon arrangement. The linear motion devices is preferably a bolt which passes through a leg that extends parallel to the outer surface of the first ramp member. The bolt is connected to the outer surface of the first ramp member so that it may both push and pull the first ramp member as it is rotated.The press brake or other like bending machine of the present invention thus provides advantages over the prior art not heretofore achieved.DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFIG. 1 is a front elevational view showing an embodiment of a bending machine for bending sheet and plate metal in the form of a press brake, with the ram shown in the up position;FIG. 2 is a right end view of the machine of FIG. 1;FIG. 3 is a front elevation of the machine of FIG. 1, with the front link plate and switch control tabs shown in dashed lines, and not showing the front guide plates and rear link plate;FIG. 4 is a front elevation of the machine, with the same parts shown in dashed lines and not shown as in FIG. 3, and with the ram shown in a lower position than that of FIGS. 1 and 3;FIG. 5 is a front elevation of the machine, with the same parts shown in dashed lines and not shown as in FIG. 3, and with the ram shown in its bottom position for bending metal sheets and plates;FIGS. 6 is a top plan view of the machine in its position of FIGS. 1 and 3;FIG. 7 is a section view taken on the line 7-7 of FIG. 1,FIG. 8 is a section view taken on the line 8-8 of FIG. 6;FIG. 9 is a section view taken on the line 9-9 of FIG. 3.DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTSGeneral DescriptionFirst a general description of a first embodiment of the invention will be given. Referring first to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-12, a press brake machine 20 for bending sheet and plate metal has a stationary frame 22, a bed 24 mounted to frame 22, and a ram 26 mounted to frame 22 to move toward and away from the bed 24. An assembly 28 (FIG. 3) for moving the ram 26 relative to the bed 24 to bend sheets and plates of metal comprises first and second sliding wedges 32 and 34, first and second slide plates 36 and 38 secured to the top of ram 26, and first and second ramp plates 40 and 42 secured to the frame 22 above the slide plates 36 and 38. Wedge 32 slides between the slide plate 36 and the inclined ramp 40, while wedge 34 slides between slide plate 38 and ramp 42. Means 48 for actuating wedge movement comprises first and second hydraulic cylinders 50 and 52 which are shown to be of different sizes. Cylinders 50 and 52 have inwardly extending members 54 and 56 mounted by nuts and bolts 58 and 60 (FIG. 6) to a connecting plate 62. Plate 62 is secured as by a weld to the upper middle end of ram 26. The cylinders 50 and 52 power slidable drive members 68 and 70 that extend from the outer ends of cylinders 50 and 52. Drive members 68 and 70 are connected to drive rods 72 and 74 with nuts and bolts 75. Drive rods 72 and 74 are in turn drivingly connected to wedges 32 and 34. The rods 72 and 74 can thus slide the wedges 32 and 34 in a first direction to the left of FIGS. 1 and 3-5 to move the ram 26 toward the bed 24 to bend a metal sheet or plate located therebetween, and in a second direction toward the right of FIGS. 1 and 3-5, to move ram 26 away from bed 24 to allow removal or repositioning of the bent sheet or plate. Thus, when the wedges 32 and 34 are moved to the left by the cylinders 50 and 52, the ram 26 is moved toward the bed 24 by the interengagement or cooperation of the wedges 32 and 34 with the ramps 40 and 42.A pair of front and rear guide plates 90 and 92 (FIG. 6) are mounted to the front side and backside of wedge 32, respectively, while front and rear guide plates 96 and 98 are likewise mounted to the front side and backside of wedge 34, respectively. The guide plates 90, 92, 96 and 98 confine travel of the wedges 32 and 34 between their respective slide plates 36 and 38 and ramps 40 and 42. Front and rear connecting link plates 104 and 106 are secured to guide plates 96 and 98 by nuts and bolts 108 and 110 passing therethrough and through wedges 32 and 34. The link plates 104 and 106 allow the force that moves wedge 32 by cylinder 50 to be transferred to wedge 34, and likewise allows the transfer of force from cylinder 52 to wedge 34 to be transferred to wedge 32. Link plates 104 and 106 thus allow an equal application of force to each of the wedges 32 and 34, and thus an equal application of force by the wedges 32 and 34 to the ends of the ram 26. This provides for maintaining the lower edge of the ram 26 parallel with the upper edge of the bed 24, and for an even application of force by ram 26 against the sheet or plate of metal that is bent.A scale adjustment assembly 107 (FIGS. 10 and 11) comprises a generally horizontally extending scale plate 107a mounted on link plate 104, which interacts with a corresponding generally horizontally extending scale 107b on cam plate 107c. Cam plate 107c can be adjustably set relative to link plate 104. Cam plates 107d and 107e (FIG. 1) are also adjustably mounted to link plate 104. Mounted to the front of ram 26 are three switches 107f, 107g, and 107h, each of which have cam arms 109 with rollers that interact with the surfaces of cam plates 107c, 107d and 107e, respectively. Cam plate 107c and switch 107f control the downward movement of ram 26 relative to bed 28. Both such components on scale plate 107a and 107b on cam 107c have vertical markers that can be aligned with each other as desired, so that adjustable cam 107c can be moved to be set at the desired spot to stop ram 26 at the desired point of downward movement.More Detailed Description of FIGS. 1-12 EmbodimentNow a more detailed description of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-12 will be given. The frame 22 comprises a pair of vertical uprights 111 and 112 each of which has an upper and lower C-shaped opening shown as 114 and 116 for upright 112 in FIG. 2. Bed 24 comprises a vertical metal plate having its inside adjustably mounted to the front edge of each of uprights 111 and 112 beneath the C-shaped opening 116. Bed 24 acts as a lower jaw in the pressing process, and has a female die with a V-shaped slot 120 in its upper end. The ram 26 comprises a metal upper vertical jaw plate 124 to which a lower tooth punch 126 is attached. Tooth punch 126 has a horizontal lower edge 127. The upper edge of ram plate 124 is welded to the undersides of wedge slide plates 36 and 38 to thereby mount ram 26 to moving assembly 28. When the hydraulic cylinders 50 and 52 are activated to move the drive members 68 and 70 and drive rods 72 and 74 to slide the wedges 32 and 34 to and fro as heretofore described, the ram plate 126 and tooth punch 126 are moved up and down by virtue of ram plate 126 connection to the slide plates 36 and 38. The front side of ram plate 126 has a metal switch mounting plate 130 secured to it as by welding. The switches 107f, 107g and 107h are mounted to the top of switch plate 130.Frame 22 comprises fixed position wedge plates 150 and 152 to which the upper part of assembly 28 is mounted. The upper ends of fixed wedge plates 150 and 152 fit in rectangular notches in frame uprights 111 and 112 (FIG. 2) located above the top of C-shaped openings 114, and secured by welding. Fixed wedges 150 and 152 have their lower slanted edges secured by welding to the top surfaces of slanted ramps 40 and 42, respectively.The front guide plates 90 and 96, as seen more clearly in FIGS. 7 and 8, have upper inwardly extending flanges 156 welded to the inside thereof. Rear guide plates 92 and 98 likewise have flanges 158 welded to the inside thereof. A pair of bolts 159 are threaded downwardly through each of the flanges 156 and 158, with the lower bolt ends secured to adjustable plates 160 and 162. The plates 160 and 162 have a flat sandwich sheet 166 of plastic and metal with a low coefficient of friction contained within the downwardly facing opening thereof to abut the top surface of ramps 40 and 42. Welded to the lower inside of each front guide plate 90 and 96, are flanges 170. In FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 the front guide plates 90 and 96 are not shown, although FIGS. 3-5 do show the upper inner flanges 156 that extend therefrom as well as the plates 160, and lower inner flanges 170 and the plates 178 connected thereto. Rear guide plates 92 and 98 likewise have flanges 172 welded to the inside thereof. Bolts 174 are threaded upwardly through the flanges 170 and 172, with the bolt ends secured to plates 178 and 180. A flat sandwich sheet 182 of plastic and metal with a low coefficient of friction is within the upwardly facing opening in plates 178 and 180 to abut the underside of slide plates 36 and 38. As can be best seen in FIG. 7, the front guide plate 96 with its associated upper and lower flanges 156 and 170 and the adjustable plates 160 and 178 forms or define a front C-clamp. Similarly, a back C-clamp is formed by the back guide plate 98 with its associated upper and lower flanges 158 and 172 and the adjustable plates 162 and 180. Similar C-clamps are formed from the front and back guide plates 90 and 92 which surround the wedge 32. The front and back C-clamps are adjusted using bolts 159 so that the upper plates 160 and 162 abut or are in contact with the upper surface of the ramps 40 and 42 and the lower plates 178 and 180 are adjusted using bolts 174 so that they are in contact with the lower surface of plates 36 and 38. The C-clamp plates 178 and 180 slide along the underside of slide plates 36 and 38, while the upper C-clamp plates 160 and 162 slide along the upper surface of ramps 40 and 42. The bolts 159 and 174 allow adjustability in the pressure applied by the C-clamp plates 160, 162, 178 and 180.As stated above, when the wedges 32 and 34 are moved to the left by the cylinders 50 and 52, the ram 26 is moved toward the bed 24 by the interengagement or cooperation of the wedges 32 and 34 with the underside of ramps 40 and 42. When the wedges 32 and 34 are moved to the right by the cylinders 50 and 52, the ram 26 is moved upwardly away from the bed 24 by the interengagement or cooperation of the C-clamp plates 160 and 162 with the top surface of the ramps 40 and 42. That is, as the wedge is moved to the right, the C-clamp top plates 160 and 162 will be forced to move vertically as they ride along the top surface of the ramps 40 and 42. As can be appreciated, because the bottom plates 178 and 180 are operatively connected to the top plates 160 and 162 by the flanges and the guide plates, as the top plates 160 and 162 move vertically upwardly, the bottom plates 178 and 180 will also be moved vertically upwardly. Thus, the bottom plates will push the plates 36 and 38 upwardly as the wedge is moved to the right. As the plates 36 and 38 are connected to the ram 26, the ram 26 will be moved upwardly. Thus, essentially, the wedges are used to push the ram down and the C-clamps are used to pull the ram up.Mounted to the upper edge of ram plate 126 to the left of each of the fixed wedges 150 and 152, from the perspective of FIGS. 1, 3-6 and 12, are pairs of dampening assemblies 190 and 192. The assemblies 190 and 192 are identical, so identical reference numbers are used for like parts. The assemblies 190 and 192 have a pair of triangular gib mounting plates 194. As seen more clearly for assembly 190 in the enlarged FIG. 12 drawing, each pair of plates 194 are secured as by welding to plates 196, respectively, that are in turn welded to the top of ram plate 124. Cross gib support plates 200 have their outsides secured as by welding to the top vertical edges of triangular plates 194. A pair of adjusting screws 204 are threaded through support plates 200 and bear into partial holes in gib plates 210 to adjustably mount plates 210. A pad of bearing material 214 is mounted to the outer surfaces fixed wedges 150 and 152 to abut the inside of the plates 210. When the machine 20 is operated, as will be explained below, the bearing material 214 slides relative to the plate 210. The aforesaid gib pads and plates 210 and 214, form a sliding interface which prevents forces from the horizontal movement of the ram from being transferred to the frame 22 of the machine 20 to reduce wear and tear, and disfigurement, of the machine components.The cylinders 50 and 52 are shown to be of different diameter. For example, with a fifty ton press, cylinder 52 could be a 2.5 inch (6.35 cm.) diameter cylinder, and cylinder 52 could be a 4 inch (10.16 cm.) diameter cylinder. With this combination, the 2.5 inch (6.35 cm.) cylinder 52 could be employed for fast advance of the ram 26 from the FIG. 3 position to the FIG. 4 position which is just prior to the bending of the plate or sheet. From that point, both of the cylinders 50 and 52 could be employed for bending the sheet or plate. Many variations of cylinder size can be employed, and the cylinders 50 and 52 could be selected to be of the same size.The cylinders 50 and 52 are fed by hydraulic pipes 226 (FIG. 1) which are connected to a hydraulic power source 228, as known in the art. Although a hydraulic power source has been illustrated, a pneumatic power source and pneumatic cylinders can also be used, a rotating screw with nut and free wheeling clutch may be employed to move each wedge, as can other suitable power and drive apparatus.The nuts and bolts 108 and 110, as seen in FIGS. 7 and 8, extend through each of the front and rear link plates 104 and 106, through the front and rear guide plates 90 and 92, and 96 and 98 respectively, and through the respective wedges 32 and 34. As seen in FIG. 7, for wedge 34 and guide plates 96 and 98, the side plates 90 and 92, and 96 and 98, fit snugly against the sides of respective wedges 32 and 34. This prevents the wedges 32 and 34 from sliding away from engagement with all of the surfaces of their respective slide 36 and 38 and ramp 40 and 42. FIGS. 7 and 8 also show each wedge 32 and 34 having an upper recess which receives a flat sandwich sheet 240 of plastic and metal with a low coefficient of friction, and a lower recess which receives a flat sandwich sheet 242 of like material. The sheets 240 and 242 help to reduce friction between the wedges and their adjacent slides and ramps, to reduce wear and tear, and to provide smoother operation. Alternatively, rollers can be substituted for sheets 240 and 242. The total force applied to the ram may be increased or decreased by changing the slope of the wedges 32 and 34 during the design and manufacturing stages. The drive rods 72 and 74, as shown with regard to rod 72 in FIG. 9, have ends that extend within rectangular slots in wedges 32 and 34, and which can be secured to the wedges by welding.Referring now in more detail to the scale adjustment assembly 107, each of the cam plates 107c, 107d and 107e, as exemplified by cam plate 107c shown in the enlarged view of FIGS. 10 and 11, have a horizontal lower central edge 250 with a left slanted lower edge 252 and a right slanted edge 254 to the sides thereof. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 for cam plate 107c, the cam plates 107c, 107d and 107e each have a channel cross-section with flanges 260 and 262 extending on either side of link plate 104. An adjustable screw 266 extends through the front flange 260 to press against the surface of link plate 104 and thereby hold cam plate 107c in position. Scale plate 107a has slotted ends to receive bolts 268 that screw into bores in link plate 104 to hold scale 107a thereto. Looking at FIG. 10, the vertical markings of scale 107b on cam plate 107c and the vertical markings on scale 107a are spaced to allow positioning of the two scale components in Vernier Scale fashion. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-12, the ratio of travel of link plate 104 (or wedges 32 and 34) relative to ram 26 is about 3.2 to 1. The vertical markings on scale components 107a and 107b are spaced according to such ratio. As noted earlier, the left switch 107f controls the point of downward penetration of the lower horizontal edge 127 of tooth punch 126 relative to the horizontal V-slot 120 of the female die of bed 24. Thus, by setting the position of scale 107b relative to the scale 107a, the point of the lower extension of horizontal ram tooth punch edge 127 is controlled. The horizontal scale arrangement shown for scale 107a and scale 107b allows for greater accuracy than with a vertically extending scale, since the scale arrangement takes advantage of the greater ratio of movement of the link plate 104 relative to the ram 26. This allows accurate and precision-like control of the point or extent of downward penetration of cam 26.The other switches 107g and 107h also act to control ram movement. The engagement of cam plate 107d (the approach cam) with the arm of switch 107g stops the movement of ram 26 just before contact with the sheet or plate to be bent. The engagement of cam plate 107e with the arm of switch 107h activates that switch to stop the upward travel of ram 26. Suitable electrical circuitry connects the switches 107f, 107g and 107h to the power source 228, as known in the art, to activate and deactivate the power source 228 by engagement of the cam plates with the switch as aforesaid.Turning now to a description of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 13, a press brake machine 20 has a single hydraulic cylinder 300, as opposed to the dual hydraulic cylinder arrangement of FIGS. 1-12. The FIG. 13 embodiment shows a connecting plate 302 secured as by welding to the upper edge of ram 26. Cylinder 300 has a member 304 extending from its right end which is secured as by a nut and bolt 306 to connecting plate 302. At the other end of cylinder 300 a drive member 310 slidingly extends to be connected by a nut and bolt 312 to a drive rod 314. Drive rod 314 is in turn connected to left side wedge 32 in the same fashion as demonstrated for the FIGS. 1-12 embodiment. The wedges 32 and 34 are drivingly connected to one another in the same fashion that wedges 32 and 34 are connected by the link plates illustrated as 104 and 106 in the FIGS. 1-12 embodiment. In FIG. 13 the outline of the front link plate 104 is shown in dashed lines, while the rear link plate 106 has the same position as link plate 104. The single hydraulic cylinder 300 drives member 310 and drive rod 312 to move wedge 32 to and fro, with the linkage through the link plates 104 and 106 also driving wedge 34 to and fro equidistant to the wedge 32 movement. The wedges 32 and 34 slide along the slides 36 and 38 and ramps 40 and 42 in the same fashion as described for the FIG. 1-12 embodiment, to move ram 26 toward and away from bed 24. The link plates 104 and 106, as with the FIGS. 1-12 embodiment, allow for equal application of force to the ends of the ram 26 and equal force across the ram tooth edge 127 during bending. Other components in FIG. 13 are given prime numbers corresponding to numbers for components in FIGS. 1-12. The FIG. 13 single cylinder embodiment can be preferable in situations where less variation in the power exerted relative to the ram is needed.The FIG. 14 modification shows a press brake machine 20 wherein a single hydraulic cylinder 400 is used. The position of the ram 26 and bed 24 are reversed from that of the embodiments of FIGS. 1-12. The ram 26 is shown positioned beneath bed 24. The movement assembly 28 acts to drive the ram 26 upwardly to bend metal sheets and plates positioned between ram 26 and bed 24, and to move the ram 26 downwardly away from bed 24 to allow removal or repositioning of the bent sheets and plates.The cylinder 400 has its ends secured to the underside of ram 26 by a pair of angle brackets 402 to hold cylinder 400 in fixed relationship to ram 26. Extending from both ends of cylinder 400 are drive rods 406 and 408. The end of rod 406 is threaded into the inner end of wedge 32 to drivingly move wedge 32. The outer end of rod 408 extends through wedge 34 and is secured by a bolt 410 threaded on the end of a rod 408. Collars 414 can be threaded around the drive rods 406 and 408 at the point in which they extend into wedges 32 and 34.FIGS. 15 and 16 show a press brake machine 20 wherein the ram 26 can be moved or pivoted relative to the frame 22 to impart a slope to the ram 26 so that the ram 26 will be pivoted relative to the bed 24. An L-shaped member 500 is secured to the upright 111 of the frame 22 above the wedge plate 150. The L member 500 has an elongate first leg 502 which extends along the top of the wedge plate 150 and a shorter leg 504 which extends downwardly, parallel to the outer surface of the wedge plate 150. A bolt 506 passes through the first leg 502 into the upright 111 to secure the L-member to the frame 22. As seen in FIG. 17, the leg 502 has a dove-tail shaped groove 508 in its lower surface. The wedge plate 150 has a corresponding dove-tail shaped tennon 510 on its upper surface which is slidingly received in the groove 508. Thus, whereas the wedge plates 150, 150 and 150 of the embodiments of FIGS. 1-14 are fixedly secured to the frame of the press brake machine, the wedge plate 150 can be moved relative to the frame 22 along a path which is parallel to the ram 26 and which is defined by the tennon 510 and groove 508.A threaded bolt hole 512 extends through the second leg 504 of the L-member, and a threaded bolt hole 514 is formed in the outer surface of the wedge plate 150, the bolt holes 512 and 514 being coaxial with each other. A threaded bolt 516 passes through the bolt hole 512 of the L-member 500 to be received in the bolt hole 514 of the wedge plate 150. In FIG. 15, the ram 26 is shown to be generally parallel to the bed 24. As can be seen by comparing FIGS. 15 and 16, when the bolt 516 is rotated, the bolt 516 will be threaded through the leg 504 of the L-member 500 to push the wedge plate 150 to the right, as seen in FIG. 15. When the wedge plate 150 is moved to the right, as seen in FIG. 16, so that the outer surface of the wedge plate 150 is no longer co-planar with the outer surface of the slide plate 36. When moved to the right, the wedge plate 150 will interact with the wedge 32, and cause the ram to pivot about the bolt 110 on the opposite side of the ram 26. This will narrow the gap between the ram 26 and the bed 24 at the left side of the press, but leave the gap between the ram and bed substantially unchanged at the right side of the press.When the ram 26 is set to a desired angle, the operation of the press brake 20 is identical to the operation of the press brake 20 of FIGS. 1-12. Operation of the movement assembly 28 is identical to that described above and the transmission of the downward force transmitted by the wedges will be transmitted between the two wedges, as described above, to maintain a constant pressure across the ram. However, because the left side of the ram 26 is lower than the right side of the ram, with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16, the tooth punch of the ram will enter the die of the bed further on one side than on the other. This will enable the press brake machine to be used to make more types of bends in the sh
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本文标题:多功能封口机的设计【含全套16张CAD图纸】【答辩毕业资料】
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