精品解析：上海市金山区华东师范大学三附中2018-2019学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

2018-2019学年上海市金山区华师大三附中高一上学期英语期中试卷I. Listening Comprehension(略)II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Japan is a food heaven which has a unique food culture. You can find food from different countries worldwide in this island nation, and it is also very good at _1_(combine) foreign food with its own traditional food. You may even find some food which _2_only be found in Japan. One of them is called Okosama Lunch, or Kids Lunch.In major department stores in Japan, there usually are many restaurants on the top floor of the building. No matter what kind of food they serve, they usually have a menu for Okosama Lunch. _3_it is called a lunch, it is served at suppertime in most cases.It is said that Okosama Lunch, a kids menu was invented in 1930 by Taro Ando, a chief manager of Mitsukoshi Department, _4_(famous) department store in Japan founded in1673. Ando came up with an idea to have a variety of food which kids like on one plate and decorate _5_nicely. The plate usually has molded rice with a tiny national flag chosen from one of many countries on top. It was during the Depression (大萧条) _6_Ando thought it would be nice _7_(have) something looking good for kids to enjoy.Besides a small portion of rice, an Okosama Lunch usually contains kids favorite food, such as hamburger steak, deep-fried chicken, red Vienna sausages, Spaghetti Neapolitan, fried shrimp and pudding.The details of this special menu are different from restaurant to restaurant, resulting in different types of Okosama Lunch across the country. They_8_(design) to attract kids with popular comic characters on the plate.Now you can find ”Okosama Lunch”anywhere in Japan. At some restaurants,they usually serve it only to kids _9_ten years old. Next time you visit Japan,you _10_try this special menu and enjoy Japanese food culture.【答案】1. combining 2. can 3. Although 4. the most famous 5. it 6. that 7. to have 8. are designed 9. under 10. should【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了日本特有的食物 Okosama Lunch。【1题详解】考查固定用法。句意：在这个岛国你可以找到来自世界各地的食物，它也很擅长将外国食物和自己的传统食物结合起来。be good at doing sth.擅长做某事，该用法是固定用法，所以填combining。【2题详解】考查情态动词。句意：你甚至可以找到一些只有在日本才能找到的食物。表示能够，可以，所以填can。【3题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管它被称为午餐，但在大多数情况下它是在晚餐时间供应的。文中表示“尽管”，所以填Although。【4题详解】考查形容词最高级。由文意可知应该用最高级，表示“最有名的百货商店”，所以填the most famous。【5题详解】考查代词。句意：Ando想出了一个主意，把孩子们喜欢的各种各样的食物放在一个盘子里，并把它装饰得很漂亮。用it来指代前文提到的a variety of food，所以填it。【6题详解】考查强调句。把It was和该空去掉，这个句子结构完整，语义清晰，所以这个句子含有强调句结构。强调句的基本结构是：it is/ was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子的其他成分，所以填that。【7题详解】考查固定句型。句意：正是在经济大萧条时期，Ando认为让孩子们享受一些好看的东西是件好事。It is + adj. +for sb to do ，该句型是固定句型，所以填to have。【8题详解】考查时态和语态。分析句子结构，从句中缺少谓语，描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时。menu与design之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填are designed。【9题详解】考查介词。句意：在一些餐馆，他们通常只供应十岁以下的孩子。文中表示“十岁以下的孩子”，所以填under。【10题详解】考查情态动词。句意：下次去日本时，你应该尝尝这个特别的菜，享受日本的饮食文化。文中表示“应该”，用should，所以填should。Section B (10分)Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Internet has been found a new usage.Increasingly, more and more Americans are having a(an) _11_to become their own doctors, by going online to order home health tests or medical devices, or even self-treat their illnesses with drugs from Internet pharmacies(药店). Some people_12_ doctors because of the high cost medical care, especially if they_13_ health insurance. Or they may_14_ to see a doctor because they find it embarrassing todiscuss their weight, alcohol consumption or couch potato habits. Patients may also fear what they might learn about their health, or they distrust physicians because of _15_in the past. But to become their own doctors can be_16_.Every day, more than six million American search the Internet for medical answers.Most ofthem have no_17_ about what they find. In 2002, a survey by the Pew Internet& American Life Project found that 72 percent of those surveyed believe all or most of what they read on health websites. Actually, most of such web sites are only interested in doing_18_ business. Of the 169 websites the researchers rated, only 16 scored as high quality.Recent studies found faulty facts about all sorts of other disorders, causing oneresearch team to _19_ that a large amount of incomplete, inaccurate and even dangerous information exists on the Internet.The problem is that most people dont know the safe way to surf the web. They use a searchengine like Google, get 18 trillion choices and start clicking. But thats risky, because almostanybody can put up a site that looks _20_ , so its hard to know National Cancer Institute.【答案】11. C 12. J 13. E 14. K 15. F 16. B 17. G 18. D 19. A 20. H【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了越来越多的美国人有成为自己医生趋势的原因以及潜在的危险。【11题详解】句意：越来越多的美国人有成为自己医生的趋势。文中表示“趋势”，故选C。【12题详解】句意：有些人避开医生是因为高昂的医疗费用，特别是如果他们缺乏健康保险。文中表示“避开”，故选J。【13题详解】句意：有些人避开医生是因为高昂的医疗费用，特别是如果他们缺乏健康保险。文中表示“缺乏”，故选E。【14题详解】句意：或者他们可能会犹豫是否去看医生，因为他们觉得谈论自己的体重、饮酒或电视迷的习惯很尴尬。文中表示“犹豫”，故选K。【15题详解】句意：病人也可能害怕他们可能了解到的关于他们健康的信息，或者因为过去的经验而不信任医生。文中表示“经验”，故选F。【16题详解】句意：但成为自己的医生可能是有害的。文中表示“有害的”，故选B。【17题详解】句意：他们中的大多数人对自己的发现毫不怀疑。文中表示“毫不怀疑”，故选G。【18题详解】句意：实际上，大多数这样的网站只对盈利业务感兴趣。文中表示“盈利业务”，故选D。【19题详解】句意：最近的研究发现各种各样的疾病都有错误的事实，导致一个研究小组警告说，互联网上存在大量不完整、不准确甚至危险的信息。文中表示“警告”，故选A。【20题详解】句意：但这是有风险的，因为几乎任何人都可以建立一个看起来权威的网站，所以很难了解国家癌症研究所。文中表示“权威的”，故选H。III. Reading Comprehension (45 分）Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his _21_ learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any _22_.A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. _23_, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Parents vary greatly in their _24_of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the_25_ represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness.As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To _26_ a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that _27_ is better than precept. If they are not sincere and do not _28_ what they preach (说教),their children may grow _29_ and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden _30_ of a marked difference between their parents principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.21. A. worthyB. fastC. naturalD. reliable22. A. familyB. stageC. eventD. situation23. A. for exampleB. in shortC. to sum upD. on the other hand24. A. knowledgeB. degreeC. strategyD. expectation25 A. principlesB. instructionsC. controlsD. emotions26. A. forbidB. encourageC. teachD. refuse27. A. persuasionB. exampleC. assistanceD. description28. A. applyB. understandC. admireD. explain29. A. boredB. embarrassedC. depressedD. confused30. A. directionB. actionC. awarenessD. change【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了在教育孩子的问题上，父母既要言传，更要身教。如果父母不真诚并且不去应用自己说教的事，当他们的孩子长大到可以自己思考时，可能会变得困惑和情感上的不安全，并意识到他们在某种程度上被愚弄了。突然意识到他们的父母在道德和原则间有着明显的分歧，这会是一件令人扫兴的危险的事。【21题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：家长经常被诱惑去匆忙让孩子成长超过他自然生长的速率。A. worthy值得的；B. fast快速的；C. natural自然的；D. reliable可靠的，故选C。【22题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这可能会发生在孩子成长的任何阶段。A. family家庭；B. stage阶段；C. event事件；D. situation情况，故选B。【23题详解】考查词组搭配。根据前文提到了一种让孩子太早成长的坏处，后文又提到了会丧失自然的热情和自己求知的欲望。所以这里意思是另一方面，他会丧失自然的热情和自己求知的欲望。A. for example例如；B. in short总之；C. to sum up总之；D. on the other hand另一方面，故选D。【24题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：家长对孩子们的严厉程度各有不同。A. knowledge知识；B. degree程度；C. strategy战略；D. expectation期待，故选B。【25题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：总的来说，这些控制代表了家长的需要，代表了社区的价值观，也代表了孩子自己的幸福。A. principles原则；B. instructions说明；C. controls控制； D. emotions情感，故选C。26题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：今天禁止一件事，明天又原谅它，这不是道德的基础。A. forbid禁止；B. encourage鼓励；C. teach教； D. refuse拒绝，故选A。【27题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：自己作榜样比起去指示来说更好。A. persuasion说服；B. example榜样；C. assistance帮助；D. description描述，故选B。【28题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：如果父母不真诚并且不去应用自己说教的事，当他们的孩子长大到可以自己思考时，可能会变得困惑和情感上的不安全，并意识到他们在某种程度上被愚弄了。A. apply应用；B. understand明白；C. admire钦佩；D. explain解释，故选A。【29题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：如果父母不真诚并且不去应用自己说教的事，当他们的孩子长大到可以自己思考时，可能会变得困惑和情感上的不安全，并意识到他们在某种程度上被愚弄了。A. bored无聊的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. confused困惑的，故选D。【30题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：突然意识到他们的父母在道德和原则间有着明显的分歧，这会是一件令人扫兴的危险的事。A. direction方向；B. action行动； C. awareness意识；D. change改变，故选C。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. “What could be causing everyone to act this way?”Quickly I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real task I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice: flip (掷) a coin. Headsthe commander, and tailsthe peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk,burningto find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quiet! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmasters office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!31. What did the authors classmates think about his report?A. Incredible.B. FunnyC. Boring.D. Puzzling.32. Why was the author confused about the task?A. He was unfamiliar with American history.B. He followed the advice and flipped a coin.C. He forgot his teachers instruction.D. He didnt know why the teacher gave such a task.33. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _.A. annoyedB. ashamedC. readyD. eager34. In the end, the author turned things around _.A. by redoing his taskB. through his own effortsC. with the help of his grandfatherD. under the guidance of his headmaster【答案】31. B 32. A 33. D 34. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了一开始，作者成绩比较差，受到了同学们的嘲笑。后来，经过作者的努力，成功跳级。【31题详解】推理判断题。通过略读本篇文章可知，作者是找到了两个华盛顿，自己选择的并不是老师布置的任务的那个，因此写出来的文章令其他同学感到滑稽，可笑。根据第一段Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.（我自豪地读着我的话，环顾了一下房间，发现我的同学脸上挂着灿烂的笑容，眼里噙着泪水）也可推出作者的同学认为他的报告很可笑，故选B。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real task I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before.（我飞快地回想起Lancelot小姐给我布置任务的那一天。这是我在新学校接受的第一个真正的任务。这看起来很简单:上网找一个叫乔治华盛顿的人的信息。由于我的历史观来自于我祖国的一位古代老师，我以前从未听说过这个名字。）由此可知，作者是不熟悉美国历史才导致找错了华盛顿，故选A。【33题详解】词义猜测题。划线词所在的句子意思是Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong.（哦，好吧，我放下报纸，坐在书桌前，急切地想找出我做错了什么。）由此可知，“burning”意思是急切地。A. annoyed使烦恼；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. ready准备好；D. eager急切，故选D。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的第三行至最后可知，作者是认真学习，因此校长给他跳级的机会，也就是说最后学习取得了成功，发生了逆转，因此是通过自己的努力，故选B。【点睛】细节理解题的解题思路：细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节，做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。例如小题2，根据第二段Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real task I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before.（我飞快地回想起Lancelot小姐给我布置任务的那一天。这是我在新学校接受的第一个真正的任务。这看起来很简单:上网找一个叫乔治华盛顿的人的信息。由于我的历史观来自于我祖国的一位古代老师，我以前从未听说过这个名字。）由此可知，作者是不熟悉美国历史才导致找错了华盛顿，故选A。(B)Its nice to have people of like mind around. Agreeable people boost your confidence and allow you to relax and feel comfortable. Unfortunately, that comfort can hinder the very learning that can expand your company and your career.Its nice to have people agree, but you need conflicting perspectives to dig out the truth. If everyone around you has similar views, your work will suffer from confirmation bias (偏颇).Take a look at your own network. Do your contacts share your point of view on most subjects? If yes, its time to shake things up. As a leader, it can be challenging to create an environment in which people will freely disagree and argue, but as the saying goes: From confrontation(冲突) comes brilliance.Its not easy for most people to actively seek conflict. Many spend their lives trying to avoid arguments. Theres no need to go out and find people you hate, but you need to do some self-assessment to determine where you have become stale(疲沓的) in your thinking. You may need to start by encouraging your current network to help you identify your blind spots.Passionate, energetic debate does not require anger and hard feelings to be effective. But it does require moral strength. Once you have worthy opponents, set some ground rules so everyone understands responsibilities and boundaries. The objective of this debating game is not to win but to get to the truth that will allow you to move faster, farther, and better.Fierce debating can hurt feelings, particularly when strong personalities are involved. Make sure you check in with your opponents so that they are not carrying the emotion of the battles beyond the battlefield. Break the tension with smiles and humor to reinforce the idea that this is friendly discourse and that all are working toward a common goal.Reward all those involved in the debate sufficiently when the goals are reached. Let your sparring partners (拳击陪练) know how much you appreciate their contribution. The more they feel appreciated the more theyll be willing to get into the ring next time.35. What does the author suggest leaders do?A. Avoid arguments with business partners.B. Build a wide and strong business network.C. Encourage people to disagree and argue.D. Seek advice from their worthy competitors.36. What is the purpose of holding a debate?A. To build up peoples moral strength.B. To remove misunderstandings.C. To find out the truth about an issue.D. To look for worthy opponents.37. What advice does the author give to people engaged in a fierce debate?A. .They take care not to hurt each others feelings.B. They show due respect for each others beliefs.C. They present their views clearly and explicitly.D. They listen carefully to their opponents views.38. How should we treat our rivals after a successful debate?A. Try to make peace with them.B. Invite them to the ring next time.C. Try to make up the differences.D. Acknowledge their contribution.【答案】35. C 36. C 37. A 38. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了有志同道合的人在身边真好。和蔼可亲的人会增强你的自信，让你放松，让你感到舒适。不幸的是，这种安逸会阻碍你学习，阻碍你发展公司和事业。【35题详解】推理判断题。由题干中的leaders定位到第三段第四句：As a leader，it can be challenging to create an environment in which people wil