高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great scientists高考题（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

unit 1 great scientists高考试题一体裁题材词数难度建议时间说明文孩子玩耍与科学研究4478(2016浙江卷阅读理解c篇)a scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common. after all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world, and the baby is, well, just playingright? perhaps, but some developmental psychologists(心理学家) have argued that this play is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.take a closer look at the baby playing at the table. each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge, it falls to the ground and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact (相互作用): bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. it is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. though their ranges and tools differ, the babys investigation and the scientists experiment appear to share the same aim(to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what i expected?).some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this waythat they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. for example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, mommy actually doesnt like dove chocolate. viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? psychologists have suggested that science as an effortthe desire to explore, explain, and understand our world is simply something that comes from our babyhood. perhaps evolution (进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. the same cognitive (认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. as some psychologists put it, it is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.50. according to some developmental psychologists, .a. a babys play is nothing more than a gameb. scientific research into babies games is possiblec. the nature of babies play has been thoroughly investigatedd. a babys play is somehow similar to a scientists experiment51. we learn from paragraph 2 that .a. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differentlyb. scientists and babies often interact with each otherc. babies are born with the knowledge of object supportd. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do52. children may learn the rules of language by .a. exploring the physical worldb. investigating human psychologyc. repeating their own experimentsd. observing their parents behaviors53. what is the main idea of the last paragraph?a. the world may be more clearly explained through childrens play.b. studying babies play may lead to a better understanding of science.c. children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.d. ones drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.54. what is the authors tone when he discusses the connection between scientists research and babies play?a. convincing. b. confused. c. confident. d. cautious.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有共同之处。50.d 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的but some developmental psychologists (心理学家) have argued that this play is more like a scientific investigation than one might think可知，心理学家觉得孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有些相似，故选d。53.b 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.可知，研究孩子可以让人们更好地了解科学，故选b。54. d 【解析】推理判断题。根据作者在文中的用词appear to、用may来弱化绝对性的表达及通过引用其他人的观点some psychologist suggest that可知，作者的语气是谨慎的。故选d。【名师点睛】阅读理解有时理解文章中的长难句是关键，理解不了这些句子就很难理解文章的大意。下面我们分析一下这篇文章中的长句。for example, it may only be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, mommy actually doesnt like dove chocolate. 例如，可能只是通过反复实验，收集证据，并最终推翻一个理论，一个婴儿就会接受其他人可以和他/她持有不同的意见和愿望这一观点。例如，和孩子不同，妈妈实际上并不喜欢德芙巧克力。这句话使用了强调句，强调的是through repeated experiments, evidence gathering, and finally overturning a theory，这部分比较长，考生可能没有注意到这个句式。主干部分中idea后面是that引导的同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分；from后面的what he or she has是宾语从句，what在从句中作has的宾语。高考试题二体裁题材词数难度建议时间议论文不为人知的科学家3587 (2011江苏卷阅读理解a篇)we know the famous ones the thomas edisons and the alexander graham bells but what about the less famous inventors? what about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper (雨刮器)? shouldnt we know who they are?joan mclean thinks so. in fact, mclean, a professor of physics at mountain university in range, feels so strongly about this matter that shes developed a course on the topic. in addition to learning who invented what, however, mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the why and how questions. according to mclean, when students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.her students agree. one young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of mcleans statement. if i had not heard the story of the windshield wipers invention, said tommy lee, a senior physics major, i never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive. lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.so, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? well, mary anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to new york city. the day was cold and stormy, but anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldnt be a built-in device for cleaning the window. still wondering about this when she returned home to birmingham, alabama, anderson started drafting out solutions. one of her ideas, a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper.today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. its hard to imagine driving without garrett a. morgans traffic light. its equally impossible to picture a world without katherine j. blodgetts innovation that makes glass invisible. can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?56. by mentioning traffic light and windshield wiper, the author indicates that countless inventions are _.a. beneficial, because their inventors are famousb. beneficial, though their inventors are less famousc. not useful, because their inventors are less famousd. not useful, though their inventors are famous57. professor joan mcleans course aims to _.a. add colour and variety to students campus lifeb. inform students of the windshield wipers inventionc. carry out the requirements by mountain universityd. prepare students to try their own inventions58. tommy lees invention of the unbreakable umbrella was _.a. not eventually accepted by the umbrella producerb. inspired by the story behind the windshield wiperc. due to his dream of being caught in a rainstormd. not related to professor joan mcleans lectures59. which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?a. how to help students to sell their inventions to producers?b. how to design a built-in device for cleaning the window?c. shouldnt we know who invented the windshield wiper?d. shouldnt we develop invention courses in universities?【文章大意】本文主要讲述了我们不仅要记住像交通灯和雨刮器这样的发明，也要记住发明这些东西的科学家或个人。56. b 【解析】推理判断题。根据文中所举的事例和最后一段可知，作者提到像交通灯和雨刮器这样的发明是想告诉我们，这些发明的发明者虽然不是很有名，但是这些发明对我们的生活是非常有益的，因此选择b项。59. c 【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文可知本文不是关于如何帮助学生销售他们的发明的，也不是关于如何设计一种装置来清洁窗户的，在大学里开设有关发明的课程只是用来说明我们应如何对待生活中的小发明：我们应把握发明的契机、去创造。故c项最适合作为文章的标题。【试题分析】本文讲述的是与发明有关的文章，我们不仅要记住像交通灯和雨刮器这样的发明，也要记住发明这些东西的科学家或个人，不管他们是不是著名。从题目设置来说，标题归纳题、细节理解题、推理判断题在本试题中都有出现，词义猜测题、观点态度题、写作目的题并未在此试题中有所体现。高考试题三体裁题材词数难度建议时间人物传记居里夫人的女儿艾琳居里2696 (2011陕西卷阅读理解b篇)most people know that marie curie was the first woman to win the nobel prize, and the first person to win it twice. however, few people know that she was also the mother of a nobel prize winner.born in september, 1897, irene curie was the first of the curies two daughters. along with nice other children whose parents were also famous scholars, irene studied in their own school, and her mother was one of the teachers. she finished her high school education at the college of svign in paris.irene entered the university of paris in 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. when world war i began, irene went to help her mother, who was using x-ray facilities (设备) to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. irene continued the work by developing x-ray facilities in military hospitals in france and belgium. her services were recognised in the form of a military medal by the french government.in 1918, irene became her mothers assistant at the curie institute. in december 1924, frederic joliot joined the institute, and irene taught him the techniques required for his work. they soon fell in love and were married in 1926. their daughter helene was born in 1927 and their son pierre five years later.like her mother, irene combined family and career. like her mother, irene was awarded