高考英语一轮复习 考点通关练 专题一 语法基础 考点六 动词的时态和语态.doc

考点六动词的时态和语态限时25分钟一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1mr. harry, we want to hear what you think about the reform being carried out in our school.ok, i _ (come) to that.答案am coming句意：哈里先生，我们想听听你对于我们学校正在实施的改革的意见。好的，我正要讲到(那个事情)。i am coming to that意为“我正要讲到(那个事情)”，符合语境。此处用现在进行时表示将来。2more than one customer _ (express) their dissatisfaction with the service of the restaurant so far.答案has expressed句意：到目前为止，不止一个顾客表达了他们对餐厅服务的不满。根据时间状语so far可知，此处应用现在完成时；“more than one 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。3the couple sitting next to our table are quite funny. listen! they _ (speak) australian english.答案are speaking句意：坐在我们桌子旁边的那对夫妇真有意思。听！他们正在说澳大利亚英语。根据题干中的listen可知，此处应用现在进行时，表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。4put your finger into the water. if it _ (feel) too hot, pour some cold water in it.答案feels句意：把你的手指放进水里。如果水太热，就往里倒一些冷水。感官动词feel不使用被动语态，用主动语态表示被动意义。此处是一般性叙述，故用一般现在时。5i _ (think) she was going to be late as usual. but she is on time today, much to everyones surprise.答案thought句意：我原以为她会像往常一样迟到。但是她今天准时到了，这让每个人都很吃惊。此处用一般过去时描述过去的想法。6look at the timetable. hurry up! flight 9031 to changsha _ (take) off at 7：30.答案takes按时间表计划发生的动作应用一般现在时，表示将来。7did you meet david at the meeting yesterday?yes. when i arrived, he _ (leave)答案was leaving句意：昨天开会时你遇到戴维了吗？是的，我到那儿时，他正准备离开。根据句意可知，这里应用过去进行时表示过去将来，故答案为was leaving。8i got an email from my old friend last sunday. until then, we _ (not get) in touch for nearly 3 years.答案hadnt got句意：上周日我收到了老朋友的一封邮件。在那之前，我们将近三年没有联系了。根据until then可知，get in touch这一动作发生在got an email 之前，所以用过去完成时。9jim _ (watch) a latenight film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.答案was watching“be doing.when.”是固定句式“正在做某事突然”。根据went blank可知，使用过去时，故填was watching。10could i use your car tomorrow morning?sure. i _ (write) a report at home.答案will be writing根据tomorrow morning可知，两人讨论将来的事情。根据答句语意可知，将来那个时候，后者正在写报告，故使用将来进行时。11by the time the traffic _ (clear), we will have run out of gas.答案clears句意：到交通通畅的时候，我们的油都要用完了。依据by the time和主句中的will可知，从句中应用一般现在时来表示将来。12mary _ (not work) here any more. she left last month.答案doesnt work句意：玛丽不在这里工作了。她是上个月离开的。根据句意可知，说的是目前的情况，所以用一般现在时。13hey, john! i _ (not know) that you were invited to this party too.答案didnt know句意：嘿， 约翰！我不知道你也被邀请参加这个聚会。根据句意可知，说话时才知约翰被邀请参加聚会了，不知道约翰被邀请参加聚会这一动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。14this kind of glasses made in shanghai _ (wear) comfortably.答案wears句意：上海制造的这种眼镜戴着很舒适。wear, wash, sell, read, cut, break, write等表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，常用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义，这些词常与well, easily等副词连用。15dont throw the waste on the ground.oh, im very sorry. i _ (not see) the dustbin there.答案didnt see句意：不要往地上扔垃圾。哦，很抱歉。我没有看到那边的垃圾箱。此处表示答话者在说话时才看到垃圾箱，没看到垃圾箱这一动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。16what about your selfdrive trip yesterday?tiring! the road is being widened, and we _ (have) a rough ride.答案had根据上文中的yesterday可知，两人讨论的是过去的情况，故使用一般过去时。17he was unhappy when he sold his guitar. after all, he _ (have) it for a very long time.答案had had根据上句的was可知，他过去不高兴，而sold表明他已卖掉了吉他。因此，他拥有这把吉他应发生在过去的过去，故使用过去完成时。18hurry up! mark and carol _ (expect) us.答案are expecting句意：快点！马克和卡罗正等着我们呢。根据上句“hurry up！”可以判断expect是发生在当前的事情，故用现在进行时。19no decision _(make) about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.答案will be made分析句子结构可知，从句是现在完成时，主句应该用一般将来时。no decision与make之间是被动关系，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。20the water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers _ (repair) one of the main pipes.答案are repairing句意：因为工人们正在修理其中的一条主管道，所以供水系统临时被切断。由语意可知，设空处表示现在的情况，故用现在进行时。21when i first met bryan, i didnt like him, but i _ (change) my mind.答案have changed根据前句话可知，谈论的是过去的事情。met，didnt like, but为关键，也就是过去不喜欢但现在已经改变主意了，故用现在完成时。22to our great relief, jacks illness proved not to be as serious as we _ (fear)答案had feared句意：让我们大为欣慰的是，杰克的病证实没有我们想得那么严重。fear的动作发生在proved之前，故应用过去完成时。23do you know if terry will go camping this weekend?terry? never! she _ (hate) tents and fresh air!答案hates由语境可知，此处表示特丽的一种好恶，故用一般现在时。24the girl has a great interest in sport and _ (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.答案has been taking句意：这个女孩对体育很感兴趣，在过去三年里，她每周上两次羽毛球课。根据时间状语over the last three years可知，应使用现在完成进行时。25we are confident that the environment _ (improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.答案will be improved句意：我们相信，通过我们进一步减少污染的努力，环境会有所改善。题干中的are表明语境是现在时，空格处的动作是将来发生的，且environment与improve之间为被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。26the boss along with all the employees _ (encourage) to use emails within the company to reduce the use of paper.答案is encouraged句意：公司鼓励老板和所有的员工在公司都用电子邮件，以减少纸的使用。当主语后跟along with时，谓语动词的单复数与最前面的主语保持一致，故此处谓语动词用单数。此处是一般性的叙述，故用一般现在时；而the boss along with all the employees 与encourage之间是动宾关系，所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态。27linda, the phone in your office cant be connected all the time. why?oh, sorry, miss miles. the service _ (stop) since last wednesday.答案has been stopped句意：琳达，你办公室的电话一直打不通，怎么回事？哦，不好意思，麦尔斯小姐。自上个星期三开始，办公室的电话服务就停了。根据since的提示可知，句子应用现在完成时，且service和stop之间构成被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。28if we _ (act) now to protect the environment, we will live to regret it.答案dont act句意：如果我们现在不行动起来保护环境，我们将会后悔的。主句用一般将来时，条件从句应用一般现在时，表将来，故填dont act。29she is looking forward to her daughters birthday party and _ (prepare) for months.答案has been preparing句意：她很期待她女儿的生日派对，已经准备几个月了。此处用现在完成进行时(have/has been doing sth.)，表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并且还有可能继续下去。30im calling about the apartment you _ (advertise) the other day. could you tell me more about it?答案advertised句意：我打电话想问问你前些日子登广告的公寓。你能详细地给我说说吗？从时间状语the other day可知，定语从句中用一般过去时。二、改正下列句子中的错误(每句只有1处错误)。1my boyfriend has promised to see me before i will leave for japan._答案去掉will句意：我男朋友答应了在我去日本之前来看我。before引导的是时间状语从句，在时间状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来。2my cell phone doesnt work. it is repaired at the shop._答案repaired前加being此处表示手机正在商店里(被)修理，应改为现在进行时的被动语态，故用is being repaired。3he is a baby bookworm. by the time he was four, he learned some simple words on a printed page._答案learned前加had句意：他是一个小书虫。在他四岁的时候，他就已经认得一些印刷页面上简单的文字了。根据by the time he was four可知，此处应该用过去完成时，故用had learned。4i got a place next to the window, so i had a good view of the sidewalk. a boy on a bike had caught my attention._答案去掉第二个hadcatch ones attention表示“引起某人的注意”。根据前面的时态可知，此处应用一般过去时。5so far most of these singers had seen music as a “job” because it is a good source of making money._答案hadhave由标志性时间状语so far可判断出，本句应用现在完成时。6it is the sixth time that our government raised loan interest rates on purpose to cool housing prices._答案raised前加has句意：这是我们的政府第六次有意提高贷款利率来遏制房价。在固定句型“it is 序数词time that.”中，that后的从句应用现在完成时。7a year after graduation, he offered a position teaching a writing class._答案offered前加was分析句子结构可知，offer为本句谓语动词，且句中的he 与offer之间构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。8as he approached the door, mike looked into the room again to see if he left anything behind._答案left前加had句意：当迈克走向门口的时候，他又看了看屋里，看是否落下了什么东西。分析句子可知，leave的动作发生在looked into之前，所以用过去完成时。9the beef i bought from the deli is very fresh and cut easily._答案cutcuts句意：我从熟食店里买的牛肉非常新鲜，很容易切。表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如：read, cut, write, wash, sell等应用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义。10by the time he realizes he walked into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it._答案walked前加has句意：在他意识到自己已经走进圈套时，一切都太晚了。walk的动作发生在过去某个时间，并且持续到realize时，故用现在完成时。11ashley still remembers the excitement when she is chosen for a trip to canada._答案iswas句意：艾希莉还记得她被选中去加拿大旅行的时候她的那股兴奋劲儿。这里when引导的时间状语从句叙述的是过去的事，故应用一般过去时的被动语态。12neither the old lady nor her cats stepped out of the house since her husband passed away last month._答案stepped前加have句意：自从上个月那个老妇人的丈夫去世后，她和她的猫就没有出过屋子。根据就近原则，本句谓语动词应与her cats保持一致，用复数形式。由后面的since从句可知，主句应用现在完成时。13sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become strangers immediately._答案talkedtalk由sometimes及后面的become可知，全句应用一般现在时。14whether the football games might put off depends on the weather._答案put前加be主语football games与谓语put off之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，put前有情态动词might，故用be put。15when i was at college i spoke three foreign languages, but i had forgotten all except a few words of each._答案hadhave后半句是指到现在每门外语除了几个单词之外，别的几乎全忘了。故应用现在完成时。动词的时态和语态(一)常考的各种时态的主动和被动形式时态种类主动形式被动形式一般现在时do/doesis/am/are done一般过去时didwas/were done一般将来时will/shall dowill/shall be done过去将来时would dowould be done现在进行时is/am/are doingis/am/are being done过去进行时was/were doingwas/were being done现在完成时has/have donehas/have been done过去完成时had donehad been done现在完成进行时has/have been doinghas/have been being done将来进行时will be doingwill be being done一、一般现在时(1)表示习惯性、经常性的动作或经常存在的状态；(2)表示客观真理和客观存在及自然现象；(3)表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作；(4)在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。i usually have my hair cut once a month.the earth moves around the sun.the train leaves at 2：30 this afternoon.you will succeed if you try your best.二、现在进行时(1)表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态；(2)某些短暂性动词，如：come, go, start, open, close, arrive, return, begin, leave等用于进行时，表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作；(3)某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐地发生变化。my friend is waiting for me outside now.he is leaving for beijing next week.she is losing her eyesight.三、现在完成时(1)表示过去的动作对现在的影响或结果，常用recently, lately, ever, never, once, before, yet, just, so far, since then, up to now, in the last/past few days/years等作时间状语；(2)“this/it isthe序数词timethat.”句式中，that后的从句用现在完成时。this is the second time that i have visited the university.he hasnt heard any news from his son lately.he has learned 5,000 english words since he went to college.四、现在完成进行时表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在而且还会继续进行下去的动作。i am very tired. i have been painting the house all the afternoon.五、一般过去时(1)表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday, last year, in 1995, the other day等作时间状语；(2)think, intend等动词的一般过去时往往表示“过去原以为/打算”。he came to work here two weeks ago.i thought he was an honest man.辨析：一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的事情、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，不强调对现在产生的影响，常与确定的过去时间状语连用；而现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或一直持续到现在，不和确定的过去时间状语连用。六、过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。by the end of last term, we had learned 2,000 words.he had left before i got home.(2)hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等用于过去完成时，表示未实现的希望、打算或意图，意为“原本”。we had expected that you would be able to win the match.(3)“it/this/that wasthe序数词timethat.”句式中，that后的从句用过去完成时。it was the second time that she had visited london.(4)“hardly/scarcely.when.”和“no sooner.than.”结构中，主句用过去完成时。 hardly had the game started when it started to rain.限时25分钟一、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。12016全国卷so it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit panda base, where ticket money helps pay for research. i _ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.答案was allowed句意：在这个占地六百英亩的中心，我被允许靠近这些可爱的动物。由语境可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态。22016全国卷truly elegant chopsticks might _ (make) of gold and silver with chinese characters.答案be made句意：真正精美的筷子可能是由金或银制成的，上面带有中国汉字。make和chopsticks之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，空格前有might，所以用be made。32016四川高考the giant panda _ (love) by people throughout the world.答案is loved句意：大熊猫被全世界人民所喜爱。主语the giant panda和动词love构成被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。42016四川高考then, after two and a half years, the mother _ (drive) the young panda away.答案drove句意：然后，两年半之后这位母亲赶走了熊猫宝宝。根据时间状语after two and a half years和句意可知，此处应用一般过去时。52016浙江高考while online shopping _ (change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive.答案has changed句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但是并不是所有的影响都是积极的。结合语境以及后面的have been可知，这里应用现在完成时，且从句的主语是online shopping，故用has changed。62016浙江高考silk _ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the silk road by about 100 bc.答案had become句意：到大约公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。by about 100 bc是时间状语，这里强调到大约公元前100年为止，所以应用过去完成时。72016北京高考jack _ (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.答案was working句意：杰克正在实验室里工作的时候突然停电了。本句使用了be doing sth. when.句式，意为“正在做某事，突然”。82016北京高考excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?the new star wars. we _ (wait) here for more than two hours.答案have been waiting句意：对不起，你们在等什么电影？新版的星球大战。我们在这里等了两个多小时了。根据时间状语for more than two hours判断，语境表示在过去两个多小时里一直在等待，并且还将继续，故此处应用现在完成进行时。92016北京高考i _ (read) half of the english novel, and ill try to finish it at the weekend.答案have read句意：这本英语小说我已经读了一半，这个周末我将尽力把它读完。语境表示已经读了一半，所以用现在完成时表示过去发生并且对现在有影响的动作。102016北京高考the students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _ (reward) with success in the end.答案will be rewarded句意：这些学生一直在努力学习功课，他们的努力最终会以成功作为回报。由语境可知，学生的努力会得到回报是将来的动作，故用一般将来时；又因为reward和their efforts之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。112016天津高考when walking down the street, i came across david, whom i _ (see) for years.答案hadnt seen句意：在街上散步时，我偶遇了大卫。我已经很多年没见过他了。“我很多年没见过他”发生在came across之前，表示过去的过去，故应用过去完成时。122015全国卷it was raining lightly when i _ (arrive) in yangshuo just before dawn. but i didnt care.答案arrived句意：黄昏前我到达阳朔时正下着小雨，但是我不在意。由主句“it was raining”可知，这里应用一般过去时。132015全国卷this cycle _ (go) day after day: the walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset (抵消)for the outside temperatures.答案goes句意：这个循环日复一日地进行。主语结合时间状语day after day可知，表示经常发生的情况，应用一般现在时，且this cycle为单数形式，故填goes。142015湖南高考as you go through this book, you _ (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through world war had a different experience.答案will find 句意：当你读这本书时，你就会发现数百万从第二次世界大战中活过来的人中，每个人都有着不同的经历。本句中as引导的时间状语从句用了一般现在时表示将来，故主句应用一般将来时。152015湖南高考he must have sensed that i _ (look) at him. he suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “why are you staring at me like that？”答案was looking 句意：他一定是感觉到了我在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，然后轻声说道：“为什么你那样盯着我？”根据语境可知，此处为过去进行时。162015陕西高考marty _ (work) really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by friday.答案has been working句意：马蒂一直在努力地写着他的书，他想他在周五前会完成它。根据句中的by friday可判断出，work这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，并将继续下去，应用现在完成进行时，故填has been working。172015重庆高考is peter coming?no, he _ (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.答案changed句意：彼得要来吗？不，他在打电话的最后一分钟改变了主意。语境表明change这一动作在过去的某个时刻已经发生，故用changed。182015天津高考despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _ (reach) so far by the two sides.答案has been reached 句意：尽管之前进行了多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有取得一致意见。根据题干中的时间状语so far可知，此处应该用现在完成时，而agreement与谓语动词之间为被动关系，所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。192015北京高考did you enjoy the party?yes. we _ (treat) well by our hosts.答案were treated句意：你们在晚会上玩得开心吗？很开心。主人把我们招待得很好。根据问句可知，此处应用一般过去时；treat和we之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，故用were treated。202015安徽高考it is reported that a space station _ (build) on the moon in years to come.答案will be built句意：据报道，在未来的几年里(人们)将在月球上建立空间站。由此可知，a space station与build之间是被动关系，in years to come“在未来的几年里”，应与一般将来时连用，故填will be built。212015四川高考betty said she _ (visit) the great wall next saturday.答案would visit句意：贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。由said及next saturday可知，该句应用过去将来时。222016辽宁模拟explorers who work on scientific research _ (stand) at the arctic pole this time tomorrow.答案will be standing句意：从事科学研究的探险者们明天此刻正站在北极。this time tomorrow表示明天此刻，故用将来进行时。232014大纲卷the reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _ (see) them since.答案has seen 句意：这些报告在2012年就丢失了，此后再也没人见到过它们。由题干中的since可知，本题应用现在完成时。242014大纲卷unless some extra money _ (find), the theatre will close.答案is found 句意：除非找到一些额外资金，否则这家剧院就得关门。由主句中的will可知，unless引导的从句应用一般现在时表将来；且money和find之间是被动关系，故答案为is found。252014重庆高考james has just arrived, but i didnt know he _ (come) until yesterday.答案was coming/would come 句意：詹姆斯刚到，但是直到昨天我才知道他会来。主句的谓语动词是didnt know，为一般过去时，从句的时态应用过去的某种时态。根据句意可知，该空表示过去将要发生的动作，所以要用过去将来时。262014北京高考hi, lets go skating.sorry, im busy right now. i _ (fill) in an application form for a new job.答案am filling 句意：嗨，咱们去滑冰吧。对不起，我现在忙着呢。我正在为一份新工作填写一张申请表。根据题干中的“im busy right now”可推知，fill in这一动作正在进行，故用现在进行时。272017山东模拟would you please keep silent? the news that the milk contains a harmful chemical _ (broadcast) and i want to listen.答案is being broadcast根据语境可知，新闻正在播放，且broadcast与news之间为动宾关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态。注意broadcast的过去式和过去分词与原形一样。282015北京高考dr jackson is not in his office at the moment.all right. i _ (call) him later.答案will call 句意：杰克逊博士现在不在办公室。好的。我稍后给他打电话。本句表示临时决定做某事，故用“will动词原形”。292016沧州一中月考they _ (make) model planes these days.答案are making句意：这些天他们在做飞机模型。表示现阶段正在进行的动作，故用现在进行时。302016石家庄质检it w