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支撑 掩护 液压 支架 设计

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1-支撑掩护式液压支架设计,支撑,掩护,液压,支架,设计

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翻 译英语原文：Hydraulic shield-type supportAbstract:The invention is concerned with a hydraulic shield-type support for supporting roofs in mines comprising a pair of base slides between which is located a channel-section guide beam supporting an hydraulic ram. At the rear end of the hydraulic ram a yoke is pivotally connected at a central part thereof to the rear end of the guide beam, the two outer portions of the yoke being pivotally connected to the rear end portions of the base slides. The front extendable end of the ram is connected to an elongate flat tongue which is longitudinally slidable in the guide beam underneath the hydraulic ram.1. A hydraulic shield-type mine-roof support comprising a pair of adjacent base slides adapted to slide along the floor of a mine, at least one hydraulic prop pivotally connected at a lower end thereof to said base slides, at least two control levers pivotally connected at lower ends thereof to said base slides, a shield pivotally connected to upper ends of said control levers whereby the shield can be lifted and lowered with respect to said base slides, a mine-roof engaging structure pivotally attached to an upper portion of said shield, a driving ram adapted to act at both ends and disposed between said base slides, means including an inspection platform connected to an extendable part of said ram for the purpose, in operation of the apparatus, of connecting said ram to a conveyor at the working face of a mine, a channel-section guide beam located between said base slides and arranged to support said driving ram, a transverse connecting yoke pivotably interconnecting said base slides at the rear ends thereof to permit relative movement between said base slides both longitudinally and vertically, means connecting an outer cylinder of the driving ram to said guide beam, means coupling said transverse yoke to the rear end portion of said guide beam by at least one substantially vertical pivot pin, and means connecting said extendable part of said ram to an elongate tongue longitudinally guided by said guide beam within the channel thereof, below said driving ram, and connected to said inspection platform. 2. A mine-roof support as claimed in claim 1, wherein the channel of said guide beam is open at its upper side and partially receives the driving ram. 3. A mine-roof support as claimed in claim 1, wherein said means connecting the outer cylinder of the ram to the guide beam comprise a stirrup which bridges the channel in the guide beam. 4. A mine-roof support as claimed in claim 1, wherein said substantially vertical pivot pin coupling said transverse yoke to the guide beam is located at a central portion of said yoke, and wherein the outer portions of said yoke are pivotally connected to the respective base slides through longitudinally-extending hinge joint pins, each pin being secured so that it can rotate about its longitudinal axis in a respective bearing housing disposed at the rear end of the respective base slide. Description:This invention relates to hydraulic shield-type supports for supporting roofs in mines, especially coal-mines. In German Published Patent Application No. 26 44 999 there is described a hydraulic shield-type mine-roof support comprising two base slides which are movable relatively to one another in a vertical direction and which form a pedestal for hydraulic vertically-adjustable props, a roof-engaging plate or other structure which is pivoted near its back-filling end to an obliquely-disposed shield guided in a vertically pivotable manner by control levers pivotably connecting the rear portion of the shield to the base slides, and a hydraulic driving ram disposed between the base slides. One end of the driving ram of the support is connectable to a cross-member connecting the base slides on the working face side, while the other end of the driving ram is connectable at the back-filling side via a transverse yoke to a guide linkage which, in turn, at the working-face side, is connected to a conveyor, driving beam or the like. The force of the driving ram required for moving the support forwards is transmitted to the base slides via the cross-member on the working-face side. If, during the advance of the support, one of the base slides moves over an uneven part of the mine floor, the result (owing to the pivoting connection of the control levers to the shield and the base slides) will be a lifting motion of that base slide relatively to the other slide and a simultaneous forward motion. The said cross-member must therefore be constructed to follow the complicated motion of the base slides in two directions, since otherwise the driving ram will be loaded by unacceptably-high transverse forces. However, the structure required for making this possible is relatively expensive and takes up too much space. In particular, as the cross-member and its associated structure is disposed in the working-face region of the base slides where the travelling-road usually is, the road is considerably obstructed as a result. It is therefore necessary, particularly in thin seams, to move the drive ram further into the support, thus reducing the total length of the support. In order to shorten the total length of the driving mechanism and allow the driving ram to move further into the support, it has been proposed to mount the drive ram on a swivel mounting at one side on a base slide of the support, a bridge interconnecting the two base slides, serving only, in this case, to guide the base slides parallel to one another-see German Published Patent Application No. 26 44 614. This drive mechanism, however, has the disadvantage that the driving force exerted on only one base slide is now transmitted to the adjacent base slide via the shield and the above-mentioned control levers. As a result, the adjacent base slide is subjected to a component of force directed towards the floor of the mine which presses the tip of the latter slide into the floor. The main object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide a drive mechanism which does not obstruct the travelling-road in the front region of the support and which transmits the force of the driving ram to both base slides substantially equally. With this object in view, the invention is directed to a hydraulic shield-type mine roof support comprising a pair of adjacent base slides adapted to slide along the floor of a mine, at least one hydraulic prop pivotally connected at a lower end thereof to said base slides, at least two control levers pivotally connected at lower ends thereof to said base slides, a shield pivotally connected to upper ends of said control levers whereby the shield can be lifted and lowered with respect to said base slides, a mine-roof engaging structure pivotally attached to an upper portion of said shield, a driving ram adapted to act at both ends and disposed between said base slides, means including an inspection platform connected to an extendable part of said ram for the purpose, in operation of the apparatus, of connecting said ram to a conveyor at the working face of a mine, a guide beam located between said base slides and arranged to support said driving ram, a transverse connecting yoke pivotably interconnecting said base slides at the rear ends thereof, means connecting an outer cylinder of the driving ram to said guide beam, and means connecting said extendable part of said ram to an elongate tongue longitudinally guided by said guide beam and connected to said inspection platform. An example of a mine-roof support in accordance with the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a side view of the support, shown diagrammatically; FIG. 2 is an enlarged plan view from above of the base slides and drive mechanism forming part of the support shown in FIG. 1; and FIG. 3 is a section taken on the line III-III in FIG. 2. The mine-roof support shown in the drawings comprises a pair of base slides 1, 2 which lie alongside each other and are shaped to slide over the floor of a mine. Pivotally connected to the base slides is at least one hydraulic prop 3 and at least two control levers 4 and 5, the lower end of the prop 3 being connected to the base slides by the pivot means 6, and the lower ends of the levers 4 and 5 being connected to the base slides by the pivot means 7, 8. The upper ends of the levers 4, 5 are pivotally connected at 10 and 11 respectively to a shield 12 which can, by expansion and contraction of the prop 3, be raised and lowered with respect to the base slides 1, 2. At its upper end, the shield 12 pivotally supports at 13 a roof-engaging plate or other such structure 14 to which the upper end of the prop 3 is pivotally connected at 9. The face of the mine is shown at 31 in FIG. 1. A hydraulic driving ram 15 which can act at both ends is disposed between the base slides 1, 2 in a channel-section guide beam 16 which is closed towards the floor of the mine. The ram 15 is secured to the beam 16 by a retaining stirrup 17 which is disposed on the upper surface of the outer cylinder 18 of the ram 15 and which is secured by cotter pins 19 to the side walls 20 of the beam 16. The free end of the extendable inner cylinder 21 of the ram points towards the working-face 15 and is connected to an upwardly-projecting bracket 22 of an elongate tongue 23 which is longitudinally guided under the ram 15 in the beam 16. The tongue 23 has a flat rectangular cross-section (see FIG. 2) and is guided over its entire length in the beam when the ram 15 is fully retracted. At the working-face side, the tongue extends from the ram abutment formed by the bracket 22 into a flat inspection platform 24 which can move over the floor and is connected in turn to a conveyor, driving beam of like transporting means 25 (shown only diagrammatically in the drawings) disposed at the working-face 31. At the back-filling side of the support, a vertical link pin 26 in the rear part of the beam 16 or in the ram 15 is pivotally connected to a transverse yoke 27 which is constructed like a balance beam and interconnects the base slides 1 and 2 on the back-filling side (i.e. at the rear portions of those slides) and forms an abutment for the ram 15 at that side. The slides 1 and 2 are each connected to the outer portions of the transverse yoke 27 by pivot pins 28 and hinge joint pins 29 extending along the longitudinal axes of the slides 1, 2 respectively. The pins 29 are therefore coupled at one end to the transverse yoke 27 by the vertical pivot pins 28 and are rotatably secured at their other ends in respective bearing housings 30 pivotally located at the back-filling ends of the base slides 1 and 2. It will thus be seen that the two base slides of the support are interconnected at the back-filling side by the drive mechanism and are guided, in parallel, substantially by means of the control levers 4, 5. The force of the driving ram 15 is transmitted to both slides 1, 2 substantially uniformly and equally, i.e. without transverse forces, via the transverse yoke 27 and the hinge joint pins 27 disposed in the longitudinal axes of the slides 1, 2. The pivot connections 26,28,29 also allow the slides to move relatively to one another. By means of the base slides 1, 2, the driving forces are also uniformly transmitted to the other components of the support. During an advance of the support, the driving ram 15 mounted in the guide beam 16 and connected to the movable tongue 23 therein is completely relieved from transverse forces. Further, the driving mechanism as a whole is very compact and stable, and takes up only a little space in the support, particularly as the working-face end of the tongue 23 guided in the guide beam 16 leads into an inspection platform guided flat along the mine floor between the forward portions of the base slides 1,2. As a result, even in very thin seams, those forwards portions can extend up to the conveyor 25 without reducing the width required for travelling in the longwall face.汉语译文掩护式液压支架摘要这个发明是关于用来支撑矿顶的掩护式液压支架，他是由一对底座构成，在底座之间，有一个用于固定推移千斤顶的导向板。在推移千斤顶的后部，销轴连接的横梁位于导向板的后面，横梁的两端用销轴连接在底座的后端。推移活塞杆前端与推移杆相连，推移杆是由位于推移千斤顶下面的导向板进行纵向移动。1. 放顶煤掩护式液压支架包括一组适合沿着煤矿表面向前移动的底座滑移装置，至少有一根液压立柱在下端部分与上述的滑移底座用销轴连接在一起，至少有两个连杆在下端部分与上述的滑移底座连接用销轴连接在一起，掩护梁与上述连杆的上部末端用销轴连接在一起，因此掩护梁能够通过底座支撑来实现上升和下降，顶梁用销轴与掩护梁的上部连接在一起，推移千斤顶在两个末端之间运动，并位于在底座之间，包括一个推移板，它与推移千斤顶的活塞杆的伸出端相连，在这些装置操作中，在采煤工作面，推移板与刮板输送机，位于底座之间的导向板连接，并用来支撑上述的推移千斤顶，横梁用销轴与底座中的后部连接，以允许在底座之间相互做纵向和垂直运动，意味着把推移千斤顶的外缸体连接到上述的导向板上，至少通过一根充分垂直的销钉把横梁与导向板的后部连接在一起，同时通过内部装有沟槽的导向板把推移千斤顶伸出部分与导向板纵向伸出部分相连，在推移千斤顶下面，连接着推移板。1 正如在要求1中所要的那样，在煤层支撑中，导向板的沟槽在它处于上面一侧是开式的，并承受推移千斤顶的推力。2 正如在要求1中所要的那样，在煤层支撑中，把推移千斤顶外侧缸体与导向板连接的上述方法是用马镫，马镫是跨过导向板的沟槽装置。3 正如在要求1中所要的那样，在煤层支撑中，上述垂直中心销钉把横梁与导向梁联接在一起，它位于横梁的中心位置，横向梁的外侧部分通过纵向销轴与各自的底座相连接，每个销轴是如此的安全，以满足它能在位于各自底座后部的纵轴方向上旋转。背景：这个发明讲述的是支撑矿顶的掩护式液压支架，尤其是用在煤矿。在德国专利NO.2644999的出版物上，有一段关于掩护式液压支架的描述，它包含两个底部滑块，他们能在垂直方向相对的移动。轴承还包括垂直伸缩的立柱，顶梁，和其他装置机构。倾斜着的掩护梁在垂直方向通过销轴相连的前、后连杆转动，连杆通过销轴把掩护梁的后部与底座连接在一起。推移千斤顶位于底座之间。轴承推移千斤顶的后端与中间块连接，这中间块是使两个底座相互连接。相反，推移千斤顶的另一端与经过横梁的引导板装置连接，依次，在工作区，引导板连接着输送机，操纵梁或类似的东西。千斤顶的作用力必需能使轴承向前移动，这个作用力经过工作面上的中间块传递到底座的。在轴承前移的过程中，如果底部滑块中的一个移向不平整矿层，结果（由于销轴连接的连杆相对于掩护梁和底部滑块）将底座滑块相对于另一个底座滑块上移，其同时向前运动。因此，中间块必须满足这一复杂运动，即底座两个方向。否则，推移千斤顶将承受无穷大的横向力。可是，中间块为了满足上述要求将造价很高，占用更大的空间。详细地，横梁与它连接构件位于底部滑块工作区域，在那儿又是交通道，结果是相当地拥挤。因此，有必要特别地在微小的细缝中使千斤顶在支撑过程中移动更长的距离，以此，减小轴承总的长度。为了能缩短总的驱动装置总长，并允许推移千斤顶在支撑过程中移动更远的距离，据提议的方案，在支撑的底部滑块上一侧给千斤顶装上旋转装置，底座通过连接桥连接，紧紧通过这些，引导底部滑块相互之间平行可参见德国专利申请出版物NO.2644614。尽管，这种驱动装置有它的不利一面。就是驱动力作用在一个滑块上，作用力通过掩护梁和上述提过的连杆传递到接近的底部滑块。结果，邻近的滑块承受了直接指向矿井的表面作用力，这部分作用力把后者滑块倾斜地压向表面。目前发明的主要对象是驱动机械装置。它不能在支撑区域的前面阻隔交通道路，从千斤顶向两个底部滑块平等传递力的大小。随着目标对象的明确，发明的出发点直接指向掩护式液压支架，其由一对相互靠近的底座滑块，它适应沿着煤矿表层滑动，至少有一根立柱，用销轴连接底部滑块较低的末端，至少有两根连杆，用连接位于底部滑块较低的末端，掩护梁用销轴连接连杆的上端，掩护梁能与底座的相互作用上升或下降，一个推移千斤顶，在滑块之间末端和倾斜处运动，在下面的图片中，将展示和发明一致的矿层轴承例子：图片1是轴承在一侧的粗略视图图片2是一个放大视图，是从底座和驱动装置上看，图片1所展示的部分轴承图片3是在图片1中的IIIIII处局部视图如图所示，液压支架包括一对底部滑块1、2，他们各自位于对方旁边，是贴着矿层表面移动。用销轴与底座连接的包括至少一根立柱3，至少两根连杆4、5，立柱3的下端通过销轴6与底座连接，前、后连杆4、5的下端通过销轴7、8与底座连接。连杆4、5的上端用销轴10、11分别与掩护