初中过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时.doc

六、过去进行时的用法（1）过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和过去的特定时间状语或状语从句连用。如：then,atthattime,ateightyesterday,thistimeyesterday,whenhecamein等。Iwasplayingvolley-ballthistimelastSunday.上周日的这个时候我正在打排球。LiFangwaswatchingTVwhenherfathercameback.李芳的爸爸回来时她正在看电视。（2）过去进行时表示过去某段时间是持续进行的动作。Theyweremakingshipslastmonth.他们上个月正在造船。（3）go,come,leave等瞬间动词的过去进行时表示过去某一时间安排或计划好的即将发生的动作。Theplanewasarrivingateight.飞机八点到达。过去进行时与一般过去时的区别过去进行时表示过去某一动作正在进行，强调“动作的连续性”，而一般过去时则表示一个做完的动作，强调“有过这件事”。Iwasplayingchesslastnight.昨晚我在下棋。Iplayedchesslastnight.昨晚我下棋了。MyfatherworkedlastSunday.我爸爸上周日工作了。MyfatherwasworkinglastSunday.我爸爸上周日在工作。七、现在完成时的用法（1）强调不久前完成的动作对现在产生的影响，常与already,just,yet等副词连用。Ihavejustreadyourletter.我刚刚读完你的信。Hehasalreadycomeback.他已经回来了.（2）表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。for后通常跟一个时间段，而since后只能跟一个具体的时间点。fortwoweeks持续两周时间；sinceMonday自从周一Hehaslivedhereforthreeyears.他在此住了两年了。Ihavebeenheresince1976.自从1976年我就一直在这里。Exercise:用since和for填空1.JimhasbeeninIreland_Monday.2.JillhasbeeninIreland_threedays.3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia_15days.4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere_7oclock.5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry_1974.6.Thebusislate.Theyvebeenwaiting_20minutes.7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty_manyyears.8.Mikehasbeenill_alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital_October.1.since2.for3.for4.since5.since6.for7.for8.since瞬间动词及注意要点：a.现在完成时的肯定句，其谓语动词如果是瞬间动词，如come,go,begin,join等，则不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：他到此两周了。Hehasarrivedherefortwoweeks.（）此时需转换表达方式： 用ago代替for，并改为一般过去时。用延续性动词代替瞬间动词。用Itis/Ithasbeensince句型。所以上面的句子可转换为：Hearrivedheretwoweeksago.Hehasbeenherefortwoweeks.Itis/Ithasbeentwoweekssincehearrivedhere.b.当瞬间动词用于否定句时，则可以与时间段连用。如：Ihaventgonethereforsixyears.我六年没去那儿。（3）强调直到现在为止的生活经历。IhavebeentoParistwice.我去过巴黎两次。ItsoneofthemostinterestingfilmsIveeverseen.它是我看过的最有趣的电影之一。比较havebeento与havegonetohavebeento表示“去过某地”，现在已回来了，可以与ever,since等词连用。如：IhaveeverbeentoLondon.我曾去过伦敦。havegoneto表示“去某地了”，现在尚未回来，不能与ever,since等词连用。HehasgonetoLondon.他去伦敦了。现在完成时与一般过去时的区别二者都表示“动作已经发生”，区别在于：（1）现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，即对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。HehaslearnedFrenchforthreeyears.他学法语已三年了。HelearnedFrenchforthreeyears.他曾学过三年法语。Whohastakenmybag?Icouldntfindit.谁拿走了我的包？我找不着了！Hecleanedthehouseyesterday.他昨天打扫过房间。Theroomisclean,forhehascleaneditalready.房间很干净，因为他已经打扫过了。（2）现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用，而一般过去时则可以。Hehasdonesomewashingyesterday.（F）Hedidsomewashingyesterday.（T）他昨天洗衣服了。八、过去完成时的用法与现在完成时的用法相似，只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同，现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。（1） 表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，常by,before引导的时间状语连用。如：Bythetimehewasten,Edisonhadbuiltalabforhimself.到爱迪生10岁时，他已给自己建了一个实验室。HehadmeasuredmebeforeIcouldgetinaword.我还没说话，他已把衣服量完了。IthoughtIhadseenhimbefore.我原以为以前见过他。（2）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的时间状语相连用。Shesaidshehadworkedinthathospitalfor20years.她说她已在那所医院工作20年了。Hesaidhehadtaughtintheuniversitysince1989.他说自从1989年他就在这所大学任教。（3）叙述过去发生的事情后，反过来又追叙或补述更早以前发生的动作时，常用过去完成时。Iknewnothingaboutthismatter,forIhadbeenawayforsixmonth.对于此事我一无所知，因为我已离开6个月了。Somepeopleranintothestreet.Theyhadheardaloudnoise.有些人跑上了街，他们听到很响的嘈杂声。英语常见时态的构成：1.一般现在时（1）be动词：is，am，are（2）其他动词：单数第三人称加s。2.一般过去时（1）be动词：was，were（2）其他动词：过去式，即规则动词加ed，不规则动词特殊记。3.一般将来时（1）will/shall+动词原形（2）is/am/aregoingto+动词原形4.过去将来时（1）would+动词原形（2）was/were+to+动词原形5.现在进行时is/am/are+动词-ing6.过去进行时was/were+动词-ing7.现在完成时have/has+过去分词过去分词，即规则动词加ed，不规则动词特殊记。8.过去完成时had+过去分词(14)The clever fox An old lion says he is ill. He stays at home all day. The animals in the forest hear about this. They all come to see the lion. But he is not ill at all. He eats them all. The fox also comes to see the lion. He comes to the door of the lion. Then he finds out one strange thing. All the footprints are towards the house. Soon he understands all things. He runs away quickly. The lion doesnt see him.New words: 生词forest 森林 not at all 根本没 find out 发现 strange 奇怪的footprint 脚印 towards 朝向选择一个正确的单词，把下面的句子补充完整：Stays lion runs away footprints ill1. The old lion says he is _.2. He _ at home all day.3. The fox comes to see the _ too.4. The fox finds out all the _ are towards the house.5. The fox _ quickly.(15)A special day Yesterday was a special day. I usually go to school. But yesterday, I didnt go. There was no school. There was lots and lots of snow. I stayed at home. I watched TV. I did my homework. I helped my mum. We didnt go to the park. And we didnt go to the supermarket. We played with the snow. And we made a snowman. It was fun.New words: 生词supermarket 超市 snow 雪 snowman 雪人判断对错：( T ) or ( F )1. ( ) I went to school yesterday. 2. ( ) I didnt watch TV.3. ( ) I helped my mum. 4. ( ) I played at the park.5. ( ) Yesterday was fun and it was a special day.(17)Mid-autumn Day In China we have an important day- Mid-autumn Day（中秋节）. On this day all families get together（聚集，团聚） and have a dinner. At night, the moon is very bright and round. Usually all the people in the family sit in the open air（在户外）, loo