高考英语一轮复习 专题05 Nelson Mandelaa modern hero（教学案）新人教版必修1.doc

专题05 nelson mandela-a modern hero 【考纲解读】1. 了解nelson mandela的生平事迹，了解伟人所应具备的优秀品质，学习他们在艰苦的环境下为人类做贡献、不追求享乐的高尚精神，以提高自身素质。2. 能用恰当的语言简单地描述人物，并简单地表达自己的意见。【高频单词】1quality (n.) 质量；品质；性质2mean (adj.) 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的(vt.) 意味着；计划meaning (n.) 意思；含义meaningful (adj.) 严肃的；重大的；意味深长的means (n.) 方式；手段3active (adj.) 积极的；活跃的actively (adv.) 积极地activity (n.) 活动4generous (adj.) 慷慨的；大方的5selfish (adj.) 自私的selfless (adj.) 无私的；忘我的6devote (vt.) 献身；专心于devoted (adj.) 忠实的；深爱的devotion (n.) 关爱；奉献；忠诚7found (vt.) 建立；建设founded (过去式/过去分词)8principle (n.) 法则；原则；原理9peaceful (adj.) 和平的；平静的；安宁的peacefully (adv.) 和平地peace (n.) 和平；平静；和睦10mankind (n.) 人类11lawyer (n.) 律师law (n.) 法律12guidance (n.) 指导；领导guide (vt.) 指引；指导guided (adj.)有指导的；有导游的13legal (adj.) 法律的；依照法律的illegal (adj.) 非法的；违法的14hopeful (adj.) 怀有希望的；有希望的hope (n.&v.) 希望；愿望hopeless (adj.) 没有希望的；无望的15youth (n.) 青年；青年时期young (adj.) 幼小的；青少年的16stage (n.) 舞台；阶段；时期17vote (vt. & vi.) 投票；选举(n.) 投票；选票；表决18attack (vt.) 进攻；攻击；抨击 (n.) 攻击；抨击；疾病发作attach (形近词) (vt.) 把附(在上)；重视19violence (n.) 暴力；暴行violent (adj.) 暴力的；猛烈的20equal (adj.) 相等的；平等的equality (n.) 平等；相等equally (adv.) 同样地；相等地；公平地unequal (adj.) 不平等的；不公平的21willing (adj.) 乐意的；自愿的unwilling (adj.) 不自愿的；不乐意的22unfair (adj.) 不公正的；不公平的fair (adj.) 公平的；合理的 (n.) 展销会fairness (n.) 公正性；公平合理性23escape (vt. & vi.) 逃脱；逃走；避开；泄露escaped (adj.) 逃跑了的24educate (vt.) 教育；训练educated (adj.) 受过教育的；有教养的education (n.) 教育educator (n.) 教育工作者educational (adj.) 教育的；有关教育的25beg (vi.) 请求；乞求begged (过去式/过去分词)beggar (n.) 乞丐26relative (n.) 亲属；亲戚 (adj.) 相关的relation (n.) 关系27terror (n.) 恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动terrorist (n.) 恐怖主义者；恐怖分子terrible (adj.) 非常严重的；令人不愉快的terribly (adv.) 非常；很28cruelty (n.) 残忍；残酷cruel (adj.) 残暴的；冷酷的29reward (n.) 报酬；奖金(vt.) 酬劳；奖赏rewarding (adj.) 值得的；有益的；有回报的30opinion (n.) 意见；看法；主张【重点短语】1out_of_work失业 2as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上3in_trouble 在危险/受罚/痛苦/忧虑等处境中4turn_to 求助于；致力于5lose_heart 丧失勇气/信心 6come_to_power 上台；当权7set_up 建立；设立8be_sentenced_to 被判处(徒刑)9blow_up 使充气；爆炸10die_for 为死去11fight_for 为而战12believe_in 信任13be_hopeful_about 对有希望14beg_for 乞求15be_free_from/of 摆脱【热点句型】1“the first(n./pron.)to do”结构中不定式作后置定语he was the_first_man_to_land_on_the_moon(第一位登上月球的人)in july 1969.(教材p33)2this was a time when.“这是一个的时期”however, this_was_a_time_when(这是一个的时期)one had got to have a passbook to live in johannesburg.(教材p34)3stage表示抽象的地点时，常接where引导的定语从句the last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a_stage_where (的阶段) we have almost no rights at all.(教材p34)4only修饰状语置于句首引起的倒装句only_then_did_we_decide_to (直到那时我们才决定)answer violence with violence.(教材p34)5the first time引导时间状语从句i felt bad the_first_time_i_talked_to_a_group (我第一次给一个小组作讲解时)(教材p38)【写作句型】核心句型升级 (2017全国卷)假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：(1)时间和地点；(2)内容：学习唐诗；(3)课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【参考范文】dear leslie，i am writing to tell you my plan for the coming chinese lesson. ive decided to teach you tang poetry in room 101 building 1 at 8 am on wednesday, which will last two hours. tang poetry is a symbol of chinese traditional literature and it plays so important a part in chinese culture that its necessary for you to have a good knowledge of it. besides, in order to learn tang poetry well, youd better get some information about tang dynasty before class. would you tell me if its convenient for you? furthermore, when you meet with some puzzling questions, dont hesitate to turn to me. yours，li hua高频考点一、单词冲关例1、devotevt.(与to连用)献身；专心于a great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.(p33)一个伟人是一个致力于帮助别人的人。【归纳拓展】 (1)devote oneself to 献身于；致力于；专心于 devote.to.把奉献于(2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to深爱；致力于(3)devotion n关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚【名师点睛】在短语devote.to.中，to为介词，其后接名词或动名词，类似短语还包括：look forward to期盼；get down to开始着手做；be/get used to习惯于；be/get accustomed to习惯于；lead to导致；pay attention to注意；object to反对；be addicted to 对上瘾；contribute to 有助于，促进；adapt to 适应；be attached to 附属于；stick to 坚持；be opposed to 反对；adjust to 调整以适应。【语境助记】2016北京高考neighbors devoted_their_spare_time_to helping others rebuild.邻居们利用他们的空闲时间帮助他人重建家园。you will never gain success unless you are fully devoted_to your work.除非你全心全意地去工作，否则你将永远不会获得成功。he is highly thought of because of his devotion_to duty.由于忠于职守他被高度评价。例2、equaladj.相等的；平等的；胜任的vt.等于；抵得上n同等的人；相等物but i was happy to help because i knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.(p34)但我非常乐意帮忙，因为我知道这会帮助我们实现使黑人和白人平等的梦想。【归纳拓展】(1)be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任某物/做某事a equals b in.a在方面比得上b/与b相匹敌without equal无与伦比have no equal 无与伦比；首屈一指(2)equality n平等equally adv.相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地【语境助记】little pleasure can be_equal_to that of a cool drink in hot summer.在炎热的夏天几乎没有任何乐趣能与饮一杯冷饮的乐趣相比。in fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have_no_equal.事实上，论及战争的艺术，蚂蚁简直是无与伦比的。he is a player without_equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。men and women must be treated equally in education and employment.在教育和就业方面，男女必须得到平等的对待。2016北京高考learning to deal with the social world is equally_important.学习与社交界打交道是同等重要的。例3、escapevi.& n逃脱；逃走；泄露vt.逃脱；逃走；避开；被遗忘it was a prison from which no one escaped.(p38)那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。【归纳拓展】(1)escape doing sth. 逃避做某事escape from 从逃脱；逃避escape ones attention/notice 逃避某人的注意(2)fire escape 太平梯；安全梯，安全出口a narrow escape 九死一生(3)escaped adj. 逃跑了的【语境助记】he escaped_from prison this morning.他今天早上从监狱里逃跑了。it is said that he narrowly_escaped_being_killed in the traffic accident the other day.据说前些天他在交通事故里死里逃生。compared with the_escaped_driver,_i am proud of what i did.和逃逸的司机相比，我为我所做的事情感到自豪。last year i had a_narrow_escape,_and i dont want to risk my life a second time.去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。写出下列句子中escape的含义aso sudden was the attack that the enemy had no time to escape.逃离bbob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.被遗忘例4、rewardn& vt.报酬；奖金；酬劳；奖赏they said that the job and the pay from the new south african government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the blacks.(p38)他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。【归纳拓展】(1)as a reward for作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏get/receive your reward 获得回报in reward (for.)作为(对的)报答/奖赏(2)reward sb. for sth./doing sth.为(做)某事而报答某人reward sb. with sth.用某物奖赏某人(3)rewarding adj. 值得的；有益的；有回报的【语境助记】2016江苏高考she was highly rewarded_for her efforts.因为努力，她颇受嘉奖。she started singing to the baby and was_rewarded_with a smile.她开始给孩子唱歌，孩子则报以微笑。he rewarded_us_with a lot of money for helping him.他重金酬谢我们对于他的帮助。as_a_reward_for/in_reward_for his bravery, the soldier was given a medal.为奖励他的勇敢，这个士兵被授予一枚奖章。it is unfair that he gets very little reward_for his hard work.他工作很辛苦，报酬却很少，这不公平。一言辨异mo yan was awarded the nobel literature prize for writing. in his spare time, he has always been ready to help young writers. how can we reward his kindness?莫言被授予了诺贝尔文学奖。在他的业余时间，他总是乐意帮助年轻作家。我们该如何回报他的好意呢？高频考点二、短语冲关例1、in trouble 有麻烦；处于困难中elias went to see nelson mandela when he was in trouble.(p35)伊莱亚斯在有麻烦时去见纳尔逊曼德拉。【归纳拓展】get into trouble陷入困境；惹麻烦_get sb. into/out of trouble使某人陷入/摆脱困境have trouble/difficulty做某事有困难ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃take (the) trouble to_do sth. 费力/不辞辛苦地做某事(也可根据语境在trouble前加上a lot of/a little/great等)【语境助记】you cant imagine the trouble i_had_persuading_him_to change his mind.你无法想象我说服他改变主意有多么困难。please dont hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have_trouble_with your study.不论什么时候学习遇到困难，请马上找我们帮忙。as is known to us all, if we are in_trouble,_it is not our phone, but our friends that can really help us out.众所周知，如果我们有困难，是朋友而不是手机可以真正地帮助我们摆脱困境。they take_a_lot_of_trouble to find the right person for the right job.他们竭力寻找合适的人选。if you play with dangerous chemicals like that youre just asking_for_trouble.如果你像那样摆弄危险的化学品，你简直是在自讨苦吃。例2、turn to 转向；求助于why did nelson mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal？ (p35)为什么纳尔逊曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？【归纳拓展】 (1)turn away离开；转变的方向turn down拒绝；调小turn off/on关掉/打开turn out证明是；结果是；生产turn (.) into (使)变成turn over翻身；翻转；移交turn up露面；出现；开大(2)in turn 反过来，转而；轮流take turns to_do/doing sth. 轮流做某事【语境助记】when in trouble, you should turn_to_your_parents for help.有麻烦的时候，你应该向父母求助。they take_turns to look after their sick father in the hospital.他们轮流照顾生病住院的父亲。tom had to turn_down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.上周末汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。dont worry, im sure your missing glasses will turn_up sooner or later.别担心，我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。the car skipped and turned_over.汽车打滑向一侧翻倒了。despite our worries everything turned_out well.尽管我们都很担心，结果一切都顺利。2016浙江高考dont let gossip turn_into lies.不要让谣言变成谎言。写出下列句中turn to的含义afollow the main road until it branches and then turn to the left.转向bwhile in trouble, you can turn to her for help.求助于cif you turn to page 40, you will find it.翻到dafter he left university he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism.开始从事例3、lose heart 丧失勇气/信心；灰心；泄气the scientist from whom we heard the good news never lost heart when he was in trouble.(p37)这位科学家遇到困难时从不灰心，我们从其口中获得好消息。【归纳拓展】lose ones heart to sb.爱上某人put ones heart into 一心扑在上learn sth. by heart 背诵；记牢o ones heart 使刻骨铭心open your heart to sb. 向某人敞开心扉；倾诉衷肠heart and soul 全心全意from the bottom of ones heart 从某人的心底，真心实意地【名师点睛】短语lose heart中heart前不能有任何修饰、限定成分，heart也不用复数形式。【语境助记】2016天津高考we should not lose_heart in face of difficulties. if we work hard, we will find a way out.在面对困难的时候我们不应该丧失勇气，如果我们努力，我们就会找到出路。as a matter of fact, nothing is too difficult if you put_your_heart_into_it.事实上，世上无难事，只怕有心人。thank you from_the_bottom_of_my_heart for your generous donations.我从心底感谢你的慷慨捐赠。高频考点三、句型冲关例1、the last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage_where we have almost no rights at all.(p34)过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。【归纳拓展】(1)本句中where引导定语从句，修饰先行词stage。(2)当先行词是stage, situation, case, position, point, family等词，且从句中不缺少主语和宾语时，将以上词看作地点，因而关系词常为in which或where。【名师点睛】occasion作先行词，且从句中不缺主语和宾语时，若意为“时刻”，则选用关系副词when；若意为“场合”，则选用关系副词where。【语境助记】2016天津高考having gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, and reading and writing, now ive got to a point in my life where i know i am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.在经历了漫长的学习旅途艺术、爬山、读书、写作之后，现在我到了人生的这样一个阶段我知道自己足够聪明可进入一个完全不熟悉的、艰难的，却有趣的领域。the project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading”， where they can read to learn.这一项目旨在使孩子们进入深度阅读的阶段，在这一阶段他们可以为了学习而读书。you could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.你可能遇上一种情况，使你不得不立刻作出决定。i can think of various cases where students obviously know the problems but cant work them out.我可以想出多种情况，在这些情况下，学生们显然知道问题所在，却不能解决它们。sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.销售经理是一个交流能力与销售技能同等重要的职位。例2、i felt bad the_first_time i talked to a group.(p38)我第一次向一个(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时，心里觉得很不好受。【归纳拓展】 (1)名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：as soon as 一就(2)(3)有时副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，它们是：instantly,_immediately,_directly等，都相当于as soon as。(4)hardly/scarcely.when.以及no sooner.than.意为“一就”，从句常用一般过去时态，主句用过去完成时，且hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时，要用部分倒装。【语境助记】the_first_time i interviewed him, he looked a bit nervous.我第一次去采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。2016浙江高考every_time he arrived home at the end of the day, wed greet him at the door.每次他忙碌一天回到家，我们都会在门口相迎。2016全国卷i remember you showed me some photos on that theme the_last_time you visited our school.我记得上次你参观我们学校的时候给我看过一些关于这一主题的照片。2016全国卷by_the_time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside.当这群人起身要走的时候，外边正在下着倾盆大雨。immediately/as_soon_as/directly/instantly shed gone, i remembered her name.她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。no_sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们刚到车站，火车就离开了。【易混辨析】the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次”for the first time是介词短语，只能用作状语，不可用来引导状语从句，意为“第一次”单句改错naturally, you were nervous when you went on the platform the first time.platform后加for例3、.only_then did we decide to answer violence with violence.(p34)只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。【归纳拓展】本句中only then放句首，句子使用了部分倒装结构only状语部分倒装【名师点睛】(1)“only从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装；(2)only放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。【语境助记】only recently have i allowed myself to think of that again.只有到了最近，我才允许自己再次考虑那个问题。only by saying polite words can_you get on well with others.只有说话礼貌你才能和其他人相处得好。only after wed had the car for a few days did_we_realize wed been taken in by the dealer.车子到手几天后，我们才明白我们被经销商骗了。only_i know him here.在这里，只有我认识他。高频考点四、语法冲关定语从句()定语从句除了由关系代词引导外，还可由关系副词when, where, why引导，它们在从句中作状语。关系副词用法when其先行词常常是表示时间的名词，如：time, day, hour, year等，when代替先行词在从句中作时间状语where其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如：place, room, house, street, area等， where在从句中代替先行词作地点状语why常用在先行词reason后，代替先行词在从句中作原因状语，也可用for which来代替【名师点睛】选择关系副词作关系词的原则是：从句中不缺少主语、宾语和表语，然后根据先行词表示的时间，地点和原因来确定when， where， why。【2018天津卷】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。afire prevention informationthe university of adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. they inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (灭火器). they also provide educational programs or fire safety in the residence hall. whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.fire alarmsthe floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的）fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. for your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄）these systems. false fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.fire drillsa fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. during a fire drill, please do the following:take your room key and id, close and lock the door to your room.exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.fire extinguishersfire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.smoke detectora smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:if your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. if the red light is not blinking（闪动），contact residence hall staff immediately.do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.if a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.36. what is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?a. to provide part-time jobs for students.b. to lead the students to the nearest exits.c. to check and maintain fire prevention equipment.d. to train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.37. what do the automatic fire alarm systems include?a. pipes and smoke detectors.b. smoke detectors and sprinklers.c. fire alarm pull stations and pipes.d. sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations38. in a fire drill, the students should _.a. rush quickly to a liftb. gather at the nearest exit.c. shut the door and leave at onced. wait for instructions in the hall39. what do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?a. using them wrongly results in punishment.b. irresponsible use of them can damage them.c. improper use of them can destroy the apartment.d. using them without a trainer present is forbidden.40. to ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should_.a. contact the hall staff regularlyb. cover the things that burn easilyc. start the smoke detector in a fired. make certain the red light is working【答案】36. c 37. b 38. c 39. a 40. d37. 细节理解题。根据文章fire alarms中的句子most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.可知，火灾自动报警系统由热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷头组成。故选b。39. 细节理解题。根据文章fire extinguishers中的句子misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.可知，误用灭火器会导致罚款。故选a。40. 细节理解题。根据文章smoke detector中的句子if your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. if the red light is not blinking（闪动），contact residence hall staff immediately.可知，烟雾探测器是否安全运行，看红灯是否闪动。故选d。bwhen i was 17, i read a magazine article about a museum called the mcnay, once the home of a watercolorist named marian mcnay. she had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. on a sunny saturday, sally and i drove over to the museum. she asked, do you have the address? no, but ill recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. oh, stop. there it is!”the museum was free. we entered, excited. a group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.may i help you? a man asked. no, i said. were fine.” tour guides got on my nerves. what if they talked a long time about a painting you werent that interested in? sally had gone upstairs. the people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. what was their problem? i saw som