高考英语一轮复习 精细化学通语法 第三讲 代词讲义.doc

第三讲 代词人称代词、物主代词与反身代词类别功能第一人称第二人称第三人称主格作主语iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格作宾语meusyouyouhimheritthem形容词性物主代词作定语myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词作主语、表语或宾语mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs反身代词作宾语、表语或同位语myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves1人称代词指代的数量前后要一致。the students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.(them指代the students)必须使学生明白每门功课对他们来说多么重要。2句中没有谓语动词，人称代词要用宾格。id like to go to climb the mountain this weekend.me, too.这个周末我想去爬山。我也想去。3形容词性物主代词不与a, an, this, that, these, some, any, several, no, each, such, another等词同时修饰一个名词，但在双重所有格中例外。a friend of mine我的一个朋友 each sister of his 他的每一个姐姐4介词the身体部位，此处不能用形容词性物主代词代替the。the policeman took the thief by the collar and sent him to the police station.警察抓住小偷的领子，把他押送到警察局去了。5含有反身代词的习惯用语devote oneself to致力于dress oneself 自己穿衣enjoy oneself 过得愉快help oneself to 随便吃，随便用hide oneself 把自己藏起来make yourself at home 别客气，不拘束say to oneself 心里想seat oneself 坐下teach oneself 自学come to oneself 苏醒behave oneself 表现得体，有礼貌apply oneself to 致力于by oneself 独自地of oneself 自动地对点练1根据括号中的要求写出下列代词的适当形式our(宾格)usher(名词性物主代词)hersi(反身代词)myselfthem(主格)theyhe(形容词性物主代词)his_it的用法1指天气、时间、距离、环境等。it often rains here in summer.(表示天气)这里夏天时常下雨。it is twenty miles from here to the village.(表示距离)从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。2代替前面提过的事物。whats in the picture?it is a cat.画上是什么？是一只猫。3指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)。is it a boy or a girl?是男婴还是女婴？4用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：主语think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep . itadj./n.(for/of sb.) to do/that从句主语think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep . ituseless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time (money/energy .) doing .it is the teachers duty to teach the students.教学生是老师的职责。it is a pity that you cant go with her.你不能同她一块去真遗憾。i find it easy to get on with jim.我发现同吉姆相处很容易。i have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.我已经讲得很清楚，任何人不准在这里吸烟。5用于like, enjoy, hate, love, appreciate等表示喜欢、憎恶等情感的动词以及depend on/upon, see to等动词短语后，再接when, if, that等引导的从句。id appreciate it if you could attend our party.如果你能参加我们的聚会，我将不胜感激。对点练2用代词it完成句子he didnt _make_it_clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。it_is_dangerous_for_you_to_swim_ in the river.你在这条河里游泳是危险的。the baby cried because it_was_hungry.婴儿因饥饿而啼哭。it_is_a_long_way to the factory.到工厂有很长的路。i hate_it_when i have to speak in french on the phone.不得不用法语打电话，我感到很厌烦。指示代词与替代词(一)指示代词1this/these, that/those的用法this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或物；this也可指下文将要谈到的人或物，起启下的作用。that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或物；that也可指上文提到过的人或物，起承上的作用。what i want to say is this: you should grasp every minute to finish your work.我想说的是：你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。2such, so的用法such指代前面所叙述的人或事物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数。so代替一个句子或短语所表达的内容，意思是“如此，这样”；或在believe, think, expect, suppose, imagine, guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点。such is the power of the tv that it can make a person suddenly famous.这就是电视的力量，它可以使人一夜成名。(二)替代词替代词用法one替代上文出现的单数可数名词，表泛指，与所替代的名词属于同一类，但不是同一事物，相当于“a/an单数名词”。onesone的复数形式，替代上文出现的复数名词，表泛指，与所替代的名词属于同一类，但不是同一事物。the one替代上文出现的可数名词单数，表特指，与所替代的名词属于同一类，但不是同一事物，相当于“the单数名词”。the onesthe one的复数形式，替代上文出现的复数名词，表特指(有后置定语时相当于those)，与所替代的名词属于同一类，但不是同一事物。that指代与前面提到的相类似但不是同一个事物的名词；指代特指的可数名词单数或不可数名词。指代可数名词单数时，相当于the one。一般不和冠词连用，其后总有修饰语。those替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，表特指，与所替代的名词属于同一类，但不是同一事物。it替代上文提到的“同一”事物，不能带任何修饰语。the climate of guangzhou is much better than that of xian.广州的气候比西安的好多了。my questions are similar to those/the ones you raised.我的问题与你提出的问题相似。mr. zhang gave me a very valuable present, one that i have never seen.张先生给了我一件非常有价值的礼物一件我从来没有见过的礼物。the apples you bought this morning are the ones imported from thailand. 你今天上午买的苹果是从泰国进口的。i love the spring it is a wonderful time of the year.我喜欢春天这是一年中一段美妙的时节。对点练3用适当的指示代词和替代词填空he hurt his leg yesterday. that is why he didnt come.the ears of a rabbit are longer than _those of a fox.little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.we have various summer camps for your holiday. you can choose one based on your own interest.we still have shortcomings, and they are very big ones too.不定代词1both, all, either, any, neither, none的区别指代词义都任何都不两个人或物botheitherneither三个或三个以上的人或物；不可数名词allanynoneboth of us like science fiction.我们两个人都喜欢科幻小说。im sorry i cant lend you any (money)对不起，我不能借给你(钱)。none of this money is mine.这笔钱没有一点是我的。2one, another, the other, some, others, the others的区别一个/一些另外一个/一些剩余的一个/一些单数oneanotherthe other复数someothersthe othersi dont like this hat. please show me another one.我不喜欢这顶帽子。请让我看看另外一顶。i have two books: one is english, and the other is french.我有两本书：一本是英语的，另一本是法语的。some are chinese; others are americans.一些是中国人，另外一些是美国人。there are many books on the table. some are english, and the others are french.桌子上有许多书。一些是英语的，其余的是法语的。名师指津the other后只能加可数名词(单数或复数)，不能加不可数名词；短语the rest of(剩余的)后既可加可数名词(单数或复数)，也可以加不可数名词。3someone/somebody/something, anyone/anybody/anything, everyone/everybody/everything, no one/nobody/nothing的区别某任何每个，所有没有人someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeveryone/everybodyno one/nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothingnothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the palace museum.我的一生中，印象最深的是第一次去参观故宫。jim sold most of his things. he has hardly anything left in the house.吉姆把他的大部分东西都卖了，在他的房子里几乎没剩下什么东西。something terrible must have happened if he didnt answer the phone.如果他不接电话那肯定是发生了可怕的事。4none, nobody/no one, nothing的区别指代用来回答相当于none人或物how many/muchnot a/an/any名词或“no名词”nobody/no one人whonot anyone/not anybodynothing物whatnot anythinghow much money do you have？你有多少钱？none.一点也没有。i wished someone could help me, but there was no one at the moment.我希望当时有人能帮我，但当时没有人。who is in the room？谁在屋里？no one/nobody.没有人。what are you doing now？你现在在做什么？nothing.什么也没做。名师指津none后面可跟of短语，而something/anything/everything/nothing和someone/anyone/everyone/no one却不能。none of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.他们中没有人知道那项计划，因为那还是个秘密。5any, every的区别any(三个或三个以上中的)任何一个every(三个或三个以上中的)每一个i have many books here, and you can take any one.我这里有很多书，你可以拿任何一本。every student has to take the examination.每个学生都必须参加考试。6every, each的区别词性功能意义every限定词作定语三个或三个以上中的每一个，强调“整体”each代词，限定词作主语、宾语、同位语、定语两个或两个以上中的每一个，强调个体almost every student in our class passed the english exam yesterday.昨天几乎我们班上的每一个学生都通过了英语考试。there are lots of trees on each side of the road.路两边有许多树。7many, much, few, little, a few, a little的区别不同点相同点many/muchmany修饰或替代可数名词复数；much修饰或替代不可数名词两者都表示“许多”few/littlefew修饰或替代可数名词复数；little修饰或替代不可数名词用于否定句，表示“几乎没有”a few/a littlea few修饰或替代可数名词复数；a little修饰或替代不可数名词用于肯定句，表示“一些”he can speak a little french, but he knows little english.他能说点法语，但几乎不懂英语。8代词的部分否定和全部否定(1)all, both, everyone, everybody, everything以及“every名词”与not连用时，表部分否定。(2)no one, nobody, none, neither, not . any/either以及“no名词”表全部否定。(3)not与总括性副词，如everywhere, always, wholly, altogether等连用时，也表示部分否定。while