高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note单元知识（含解析）新人教版必修3.doc

unit 3 the million pound note bank1.bring up抚养；培养；教育；提出。常见用法：bring sb up to be/as 培养某人成为bring sb up to do sth 教育某人做某事students should be brought up to be the qualified builders. 学生应该被培养成为合格的建设者。he was brought up to respect the teachers. 他从小就被教育要尊敬老师。【拓展延伸】bring about引起，导致，造成bring down使(飞机)降落；使倒下；降低；减少bring in介绍；带进来；吸收bring out取出；说出；阐明；出版bring forward提出(问题、建议、计划等)bring down降低；压倒bring to light 发现bring on引起，带来 选用bring的相关短语的适当形式填空bring out bring about bring down bring in1. the prices _ so far.2. the economic reform _ great changes in the lives of the common people.3. the discussion came alive when an interesting topic _.4. immediately after the book _, it became a best-seller.【答案】1. have been brought down 2. brought about3. was brought in 4. was brought out2.scenen. (戏剧)一场；场面；现场；景色。常见用法：on the scene在现场，当场behind the scenes在幕后；在后台appear/come on the scene到场，出现set the scene提供条件hes an important person behind the scenes. 他是一个重要的幕后人物。when he came on the scene, everything came to an end. 当他到场时，一切都结束了。【易混辨析】take part in/join in/join/attendview多指从远处或高处等某个角度所看见的景物，景致。scene除表示景物，景致外，还有场面之意，大多包括人及人的活动在内。scenery指一个地区全部的自然景色，如高山、森林、溪谷等，尤指美丽的乡间景色，是不可数名词。sight指人们游览、观光的风景，特别值得一看的景物，也可指情景，景象，视力。既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数。 1. 写出下列句子中scene的汉语意思the scene of the novel is set in scotland.there were funny scenes when the pig ran into the shop. the scene in the hospital was very moving. the boats in the harbour make a beautiful scene. 2. 单句语法填空reporters were soon _ the scene after the accident.behind the _ (scene), both sides are working towards an agreement.3. 用view, scene, scenery或sight的适当形式填空guilin is famous for its beautiful _.the movie opens with a _ in a new york apartment.you can get a wonderful _ at the top of the tower.mount qomolangma is an awe-inspiring _.【答案】1. 场景 情景；事件 片段；场面 风景；景色2. on scenes3. scenery scene view sight3.permitvt. & vi. 允许，准许，许可 n. 许可证；执照；通行证。常见用法：(1)permit doing sth 允许做某事permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事permit sb sth 允许某人某事(2)have got a permit有的许可证a drivers/driving permit 驾驶执照an entry permit 入境证we dont permit smoking in the office. 我们不允许在办公室吸烟。they are not permitted to go there with their father. 他们没有被允许和父亲一起去那儿。have you got a permit to fish in this lake? 你有在这个湖里钓鱼的许可证吗?【拓展延伸】permission n. 允许，准许，许可ask sb for permission=ask permission from sb 请求某人许可with/without ones permission=with/without the permission of sb 在/不在某人的允许下they dont permit you to smoke. 他们不允许你抽烟。each passenger is allowed twentyfive kilogrammes of luggage. 每位旅客允许携带二十五公斤的行李。let him wait. 让他等一等。【特别注意】permit既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，作及物动词时有下列用法：permit sb to do sth；permitn./pron./doing。和permit用法相同的还有allow，advise和forbid等。用括号中所给词的适当形式填空1. students are not permitted _ (enter) the net bar.2. you must ask for _ (permit) if you want to leave early.3. many shop owners dont permit _ (park) cars in front of their shops.4. we dont permit _ (smoke) in the hospital, so we dont permit you _ (smoke) here, either.zx*xk【答案】1. to enter 2. permission 3. parking 4.smoking; to smoke4.go ahead前进；(用于祈使句)可以；往下说；干吧。go ahead的主要用法有：(1)着手干，相当于begin to do something。(2)取得进展，取得进步，相当于make progress。(3)前进，相当于go forward；先走，相当于go first。(4)继续做，常与with连用，后接名词。(5)含有毫不犹豫地去做的意思，常用于口语中，其具体含义要根据句子语境灵活翻译。go ahead. what are you waiting for? 往前走啊，你在等什么?go ahead! we are all listening to you carefully. 往下说！我们都在认真听你说。【拓展延伸】1. look ahead向前看；展望未来ahead of在前面，领先ahead of time提前2. go by经过；时间流逝go against违背go through浏览；翻阅；遭受；用完；仔细检查go over复习；检查go on发生；继续下去go off 离开；爆炸；熄灭，停止运行go after追随；追求用适当的介词或副词填空1. then the fire alarm went_; i just grabbed my clothes and ran out.2. as time went _, they realized the importance. 3. whats going _ with your new job?4. she starts to go_ him when jack appears.5. could i ask you a rather personal question?sure, go _.【答案】1. off 2. by 3. on 4. after 5. ahead5.by accident偶然；无意中；不小心i ran into an old friend in the street by accident. 我在街上偶然碰见了一位老朋友。【拓展延伸】1. 同义：by chance偶然反义：on purpose/by design有意地by no accident绝非偶然2. by mistake错误地by nature 生性；本性上；本来by the way 顺便说；顺便问一下by means of 用方式；凭借by no means 决不；并没有by all means 尽一切办法根据括号中所给汉语意思，用by的相关短语完成句子1. he restored the umbrella he had taken _ (错误地).2. please forgive him, he made such a mistake _ (无意地).3. he was hurt in the traffic accident, which i think happened _ (绝非偶然), because he was always careless.4. the boy made faces _ (故意地) to attract others attention. 【答案】1. by mistake 2. by accident 3. by no accident 4. by design6.stare at盯着看，凝视people stared at him as he walked through the park to retrieve his bicycle. 他回到公园取自行车的时候，人们都盯着他看。the passers-by all stared at henry when he was walking in the street in rags. 当亨利衣衫褴褛地在街上走时，人们都盯着他看。【易混辨析】glare at/stare at/glance at/look atglare at怒目而视，含有恶意的成分stare at目不转睛地盯着看glance at粗略地看一眼，一瞥look at看一看crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear. 克鲁索盯着脚印，满心恐惧。suddenly he saw two eyes glaring at him out of the darkness. 突然，他看见黑暗中两道强烈的目光向他射来。he glanced at the dishes on the table. 他瞥了一下桌子上的饭菜。he looked at me and smiled. 他望着我微笑。用stare at, glare at, glance at或look at填空1. he _ his children and left in a hurry.2. if you _ the picture carefully, you can see a church in the distance.3. they stood there, _ each other, but didnt fight.4. children should be taught not to _ foreigners.【答案】1. glanced at 2. look at 3. glaring at 4. stare at7.account for是的原因；解释he couldnt account for being absent from the meeting. 他无法对自己缺席会议作出解释。【拓展延伸】on account of由于，因为on no account决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)o account/take account of顾及，考虑到；体谅i was absent from school on account of illness. 我因病没去上学。on no account should the soldiers be blamed for what happened. 士兵们绝对不该因所发生的事而受到责备。短语填空account for take account of on no account on account of1. at first he hesitated _ the expense.2. the judge should _ the age of the accused.3. you should _ tell him, for its a secret.4. we must _ every penny we spend on business trips.【答案】1. on account of 2. take account of 3. on no account 4. account for8.seekvt. & vi. 寻找；探索；寻求。常见用法：seek out找出，搜出seek after/for寻找，寻求；追求seek sth from sb 向某人寻求某物seek to do sth 打算/试图做某事he is seeking after wealth and power. 他在追求财富和权力。 i am always seeking to improve my teaching method. 我一直在设法改进我的教学方法。 用适当的介词填空1. he _ change my mind, but he failed.2. we shouldnt _fame.3. the boss finally _a proper person for the position.【答案】1. sought to 2. seek for/after 3. sought out9.on the contrary正相反，恰恰相反my grandma is not sick; on the contrary, shes in very good condition. 我奶奶没有生病；与此相反，她很健康。i heard youve changed your job. 我听说你换工作了。on the contrary, im still with the same company. 正好相反，我还在同一家公司。【拓展延伸】to the contrary有相反情况，相反的be contrary to与相反；与相违背quite/just the contrary恰恰相反i will come on monday unless you write to the contrary. 我将于星期一来，除非你写信叫我别来。his opinion is contrary to mine. 他的看法与我的看法相反。用适当的介词填空1. you didnt bother me. _ (恰恰相反), i like your company.2. i admit that your opinion _ (与我的相反).3. any assertion _ (与此相反的) is simply not true.z*xxk4. _ (跟我的预料相反), he won the speech competition.【答案】1. just (quite) the contrary 2. is contrary to mine3. to the contrary 4. contrary to my expectation10.take a chance冒险；试图做某事；碰运气。常见用法：take a chance=take chances碰运气by chance=by accident偶然，碰巧(the) chance is/(the) chances are that有可能there is a chance that可能have a chance to do sth有机会做某事the rope might break, but thats a chance well have to take. 绳子可能会断，但我们只能冒这个险了。you should never take a chance/take chances when driving a car. 开车时，你可千万别冒险。the player is under good treatment and the chances are that he will recover from his injury in time for the next game. 这个球员正在接受良好的治疗，他的伤势有可能及时恢复，他将参加下一场比赛。moreover, i consider it a golden chance to tour around china to enjoy the wonderful scenery and taste the inviting food here and there. 另外，我认为这是一个绝好的机会，可以在中国游玩，到处欣赏美景，品尝美食。同义句改写1. i ran into her by chance one night and got her email address.(用不定式改写) _2. chances are that you will pass the exam.(用there be结构改写)_【答案】1. i chanced to run into her one night and got her email address.2. there is a chance that you will pass the exam.11.mannern. 方式；举止 (pl.)礼貌。常见用法：in a manner在一定程度上in a(n).manner以的方式bad/good manners 没有/有礼貌he was walking in a rather unnatural manner. 他走路的样子很不自然。it is bad manners to make fun of the disabled people. 开残疾人的玩笑是不礼貌的。parents cant bear the sight of the living manner of the generation after 80s. 父母看不惯80后这代人的生活方式。【特别提醒】当manner意为方式，方法；举止；态度时常用单数形式；当它意为礼貌，礼仪；习俗时常用复数形式。【易混辨析】method/manner/way/meansmethod可数名词，其后接of+动名词，不接不定式；特指有系统的方法、方式。manner通常用单数形式，其后可以接of+动名词。主要表示个人喜欢采用的方式，而且manner不用于表示传统或习俗所形成的方式、方法。way可数名词，最通用，可以用来代替前面的任何一个词，其后可以接to do，也可以接of+动名词。means单复数形式相同，当该词前加a，this，that，every等时，为单数；当其前加such，these，those，all等时，为复数。means多指抽象的或概括性的方法。【特别提醒】这几个词均表示方式，方法。表示用这种方法可以用以下短语：in this way，with this method，by this means，in this manner。i dont object to what she says, but i strongly disapprove of her manner of saying it. 我不反对她说的话，但我很反感她说这话的方式。he always has his own way. 他总是随心所欲。1. 根据括号中所给的汉语意思完成句子they settled the quarrel between them in a friendly _(以友好的方式).it is bad _ (不礼貌) to talk with your parents like that.2. 选用method, manner, way或means的适当形式填空they have learned to use modern _ of teaching.im not happy with this _ of working.the quickest _ of travel is by plane.he was walking in a rather unnatural _.my parents always let me have my own _ of life.it is bad _ to talk loudly in public in western countries.【答案】1. manner manners2. methods way meansmanner way manners12. as for关于，至于，用于句首，引出一个与前一个话题稍微有些不同的话题。we had a delightful weekend in the country. as for the traffic, we had no difficulty. 在乡下我们度过了一个愉快的周末。至于交通，我们没有遇到任何困难。as for henry, he was penniless at that time. 至于亨利，他那时身无分文。as for the bill, the owner of the restaurant begged henry not to pay it right away. 至于账单，饭店的老板乞求亨利不要立刻付。you can have a bed; as _ him, hell have to sleep on the floor.【答案】for【解析】as for至于。句意：你可以有床，至于他，只能睡地板了。1. find+宾语+宾补结构well, towards nightfall i found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind. 嗯，傍晚时分我发现自己被一阵强风刮进了海里。(教材p18)【句式分析】句中found myself carried out.为find+宾语+宾补结构。carry out与宾语myself之间为被动关系，故此处用过去分词短语作宾补。i find this job very satisfying. 我发现这份工作非常令人满意。he found his dog hidden in the bush. 他发现他的狗藏在灌木丛中。when he came to himself, he found himself surrounded by a group of boys. 当他醒来时，他发现自己被一群男孩子围着。some students find it not easy to understand english grammar. 一些学生发现理解英语语法不容易。【特别提醒】能用于动词+宾语+宾语补足语结构的动词有see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, think等。单句改错1. he was about to open the door when he found his key losing.2. when i came in, i found her seating at the back of the classroom. z&xxk3. the driver found a dead dog lie on the highway.4. when he found the road blocking with snow, he decided to spend the holiday at home. 【答案】1. losing改为lost 2. seating改为seated3. lie改为lying 4. blocking改为blocked2. had just done.when. the next morning id just about given myself up for lost when i was spotted by a ship. 第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘船发现了我。(教材p18)【句式分析】本句运用了had just done.when.句型，意为刚做完，这时。其中when表示正在这时/那时。句中when是并列连词，而不是引导时间状语从句的从属连词。when作并列连词时，相当于and then或and just at that time，往往表示一件事正在发生、即将发生或刚刚完成，而就在那时又发生了另一件事。常带有突然之意，可译为正要，突然，正在，这时或刚刚，这时。【拓展延伸】when表示正在这时/那时时常用的句型：sb was doing.when. 某人正在做这时sb had just done.when. 某人刚做完这时sb was about to do.when./sb was just going to do.when. 某人正要做这时be on the point of doing.when. 正要这时i was walking along the street when someone called me from behind. 我正沿着街道走时，忽然后面有人喊我。i was just leaving(=about to leave) when he came in. 我正要(刚要)走，他就来了。he had just rushed into the classroom when the teacher came in. 他刚冲进教室，老师就进来了。 单句改错1. we were having dinner while there was a knock on the door. 2. he was at the point of going out when it began to rain.3. i had just gone to bed as the telephone rang.【答案】1. while改为when 2. at改为on 3. as改为when3. it is well-known that. well, it is well-known that americans like to eat a lot. 嗯，美国人喜欢吃很多，这是大家都知道的。(教材p22)it is well-known that.是常用句型，意为众所周知。其中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。it is well-known that london is the capital of england. 众所周知，伦敦是英国的首都。 it is well-known that the adventure of tom sawyer was written by mark twain. 众所周知，汤姆索亚历险记是马克吐温写的。【特别提醒】as we all know 和as is well known 意思和it is well-known that相同，但这两个句子都是非限制性定语从句，as是关系代词，在从句中分别作宾语和主语。as we all know, we cant survive without money. 我们都知道，没有钱我们就无法生存。as is well known, henry went to england by accident. 众所周知，亨利是偶然到了英国。【拓展延伸】it is known that句型可转换成：1. as is known.(as引导非限制性定语从句)2. what is known is that.(what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句)it is known that he is one of the best students in his class.=as is known, he is one of the best students in his class.=what is known is that he is one of the best students in his class. 众所周知，他是他们班最好的学生之一。1. 用两种方法翻译下列句子众所周知，台湾岛是中国的一部分。_2. 语法填空_is known that the best violin in the world is made in italia.【答案】1. it is wellknown that taiwan island is part of china.as is wellknown, taiwan island is part of china.2. it 4. whenever引导让步状语从句you must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. (教材p16)whenever在任何时候，无论何时，引导的是让步状语从句，相当于no matter when。需要注意的是：状语从句要用陈述语序，且要用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。whatever引导宾语从句，相当于anything that。whenever she comes to my house, she brings me a present.=no matter when she comes to my house, she brings me a present. 他无论何时来我家，都给我带个礼物。hell push on with his project whatever the difficulties may be. 不管有什么困难，他都要继续推行他的计划。ill post that letter whatever wilson says. 不管威尔逊讲什么，我都要寄出那封信。【特别提醒】whoever, whatever, whichever等词既可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句，而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。i will give the book to whoever needs it. 我要把这本书给需要的人。whoever breaks the school rules will be punished. 无论谁违反了学校的规章制度，都要受到惩罚。no matter when you call on him, you will find him at his desk. 不管你什么时候去看他，他都在书桌前(用功学习)。_ hungry i am, i never seem to be able to finish off this bag of bread. a. whateverb. wheneverc. wherever d. however【答案】d【解析】however无论如何，引导让步状语从句，在该从句中however修饰hungry。宾语从句和表语从句名词性从句的功能相当于名词。在句子中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，充当表语的从句叫表语从句。一、宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语(作介词的宾语时必须由wh-疑问词引导)。引导宾语从句的连词有that，if，whether；连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why。从句引导词的使用：1. 连词that(引导从句，但是在从句中不作成分，that常可省略)he knows that jim will work hard. 他知道吉姆会努力工作的。2. 连词if, whether(表示是否，引导从句，但是在从句中不作成分)【特别提醒】whether和if都有是否的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在介词之后、不定式之前、与or not连用、在句首或在引导表语从句同位语从句时，只能用whether。i want to know if/whether the news is true. 我想知道这个消息是不是真的。he doesnt know whether to stay or not. 他不知道改不该留下来。【名师点睛】动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中时，其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词；用在肯定句中时，连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用 that。do you doubt that he will win? 你怀疑他会赢吗？i dont doubt that your proposition is wrong. 我不怀疑你的提议是错的。he doubts whether/if i know it. 他怀疑我是否知道这件事。3. 连接代词who, whom, which等z&xxkdo you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 你知道他们在等谁吗？do you know which dress fits her best? 你知道哪件连衣裙最适合她吗？4. 连接副词when, where, how, whycould you tell me how we can get to the station? 你能告诉我我们怎样才能去车站吗？学习宾语从句要把握三个要点：连接词、语序和时态。1. 使用宾语从句，连接词的选择至关重要。有关连接词的选择可遵循以下规则：(1)如果宾语从句为陈述句，连接词用that。that本身既没有实际意思，也不在从句中作成分，所以口语中常省略。i hope (that) you will write to me as soon as possible. 我希望你尽快给我写信。(2)宾语从句为一般疑问句时，连接词用if或whether，可译为是否。he asked me if(whether) i would go to beijing by air. 他问我是否乘飞机去北京。(3)宾语从句为特殊疑问句时，连接词用原疑问词。he didnt know how he could get across the river. 我不知道他是怎么过了河的。2. 从句的语序无论原句是陈述句、一般疑问句，还是特殊疑问句，在宾语从句中一律使用陈述语序。the teacher asked if you had finished your homework. 老师问你是否做完作业了。can you tell us when the sports meeting will begin? 你能告诉我们运动会何时举行吗？3. 时态的选择(1)如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以是任何所需要的时态。i hear a new restaurant will be opened in the city next month. 我听说这个城市下个月将开一个新饭店。(2)如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用与其相应的过去的某