四级翻译20170923.docx

20170923 四级翻译立春日吃春饼称为“咬春”。汉族民间在立春这一天要吃一些春天的新鲜蔬菜，既为防病，又有迎接新春的意味。唐四时宝镜记载：“立春，食芦、春饼、生菜，号菜盘。”可见唐代人已经开始试春盘、吃春饼了。所谓春饼，又叫荷叶饼，其实是一种烫面薄饼-用两小块水面，中间抹油，擀成薄饼，烙熟后可揭成两张。春饼是用来卷菜吃的，菜包括熟菜和炒菜。Spring eat Chunbing called bite the spring. Han folk in the spring this day to eat some fresh spring vegetables, both for disease prevention, and meet the new means. Four Hokyo Tang records: the beginning of spring, fresh reed, Chunbing, lettuce, dish . The Tang Dynasty has begun to spring plate test, eat Chunbing. The so-called Chunbing, also called Lotus-Leaf-Shaped Pancake, is actually a Tangmian Griddle Cake - with two small pieces of the surface, the middle oil, roll into Griddle Cake, branded cooked after exposing two. Chunbing is used to roll the dishes, including cooked vegetables and cooking dishes.雨水的一个主要习俗是女婿去给岳父岳母送节。送节的礼品则通常是两把藤椅，上面缠着一丈二尺长的红带，这称为“接寿”，祝岳父岳母长命百岁。另外一个典型礼品就是“罐罐肉”：用沙锅炖了猪脚和雪山大豆、海带，再用红纸、红绳封了罐口，给岳父岳母送去。这是对辛辛苦苦将女儿养育成人的岳父岳母表示感谢和敬意。One of the main customs of rain is that sons go to their parents in law. Send festival gift is usually two chair, it wrapped a two foot long red belt, this is called the life, I wish the father-in-law longevity. Another typical gift is cans of meat: the casserole stew of pigs feet and the snow capped mountains, kelp and soybean, red paper, red rope sealed jar, sent to the father-in-law. This is for the hard work to bring up her daughters father in law, thank you and respect.长命百岁Many happy returns (of the day)!;life of a hundred years.;live to be a hundred;live to a ripe old age 春菜”是一种野苋菜，乡人称之为“春碧蒿”。在广西的一些地区，逢春分时节，村里很多人去采摘春菜。一般将采回的春菜与鱼片“滚汤”，名曰“春汤”。有顺口溜道“春汤灌脏，洗涤肝肠。阖家老少，平安健康。”村民还由此祈福家宅安宁，家人身壮力健。Spring vegetable is a kind of wild amaranth, which is called spring wormwood in the countryside. In some areas of Guangxi, divided into spring season, many people in the village to pick spring vegetables. The general will adopt spring vegetables and fish back to the boiling water, called spring soup. Doggerels spring decoction was dirty, washing hepatoenteral. Young and old family, safe and healthy. The villagers also prayed for peace in their homes, and their families were strong and healthy.谷雨茶也就是雨前茶，是谷雨时节采制的春茶，又叫二春茶。春季温度适中，雨量充沛，加上茶树经半年冬季的休养生息，使得春梢芽叶肥硕，色泽翠绿，叶质柔软，富含多种维生素和氨基酸，使春茶滋味鲜活，香气怡人。传说谷雨这天的茶喝了会清火、辟邪、明目等，所以南方有谷雨摘茶习俗，谷雨这天不管是什么天气，人们都会去茶山摘一些新茶回来喝，以祈求健康Guyu tea is the tea before rain, and the spring is Guyu season, also called spring two. Moderate spring temperatures, rainfall, coupled with the first half of the winter tea to recuperate, the spring shoots stout, color green, leaves soft, rich in vitamins and amino acids, make tea taste fresh, pleasant aroma.The legend of Gu Yu day tea can clear fire, evil, eyesight and other, so the South Gu Yu pick tea customs, Gu Yu this day no matter what the weather, people will go back Dasan pick some new tea to drink, to pray for health对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。ChineseDragonDragontotemworshipinChinahasbeenaroundforthelast8,000years.TheancientsinChinaconsideredthedragon(orloong)afetishthatcombinesanimalsincludingthefish,snake,horseandoxwithcloud,thunder,lightningandothernaturalcelestialphenomena.TheChinesedragonwasformedinaccordancewiththemulticulturalfusionprocessoftheChinesenation.TotheChinese,thedragonsignifiesinnovationandcohesion.长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关大部分都是在明代修建的。TheGreatWallisoneofthewondersoftheworldthatcreatedbyhumanbeings!IfyoucometoChinawithoutclimbingtheGreatWall,itsjustlikegoingPariswithoutvisitingtheEiffelTower;orgoingtoEgyptwithoutvisitingthePyramids!Menoftensay,HewhodoestnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Infact,itbeganasindependentwallsfordifferentstateswhenitwasfirstbuilt,anddidnotbecometheGreatWalluntiltheQinDynasty.However,thewallweseetoday,startingfromShanhaiguanPassintheeasttoJiayunguanPassinthewest,wasmostlybuiltduringtheMingDynasty.饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括：1)擀皮、2)备馅、3)包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。DumplingsDumplingsareoneoftheChinesepeoplesfavoritetraditionaldishes.AccordingtoanancientChineselegend,dumplingswerefirstmadebythemedicalsaint-ZhangZhongjing.Therearethreestepsinvolvedinmakingdumplings:1)makedumplingwrappersoutofdumplingflour;2)preparethedumplingstuffing;3)makedumplingsandboilthem.Withthinandelasticdoughskin,freshandtenderstuffing,delicioustaste,anduniqueshapes,dumplingsarewortheatinghundredsoftimes.Theresanoldsayingthatclaims,“Nothingcouldbemoredeliciousthandumplings”.DuringtheSpringFestivalandotherholidays,orwhentreatingrelativesandfriends,Chinesepeopleliketofollowtheauspiciouscustomofeatingdumplings.ToChinesepeoplewhoshowhighreverenceforfamilylove,havingdumplingsatthemomenttheoldyearisreplacedbythenewisanessentialpartofbiddingfarewelltotheoldandusheringinthenewyear.多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。YangkoisoneoftraditionfolkdanceofHaninChina.Itisusuallyperformedinnorthernprovinces.Thedancersusuallywearcolorfulandlightcostumes,andtheperformanceispowerfulandrapid.DuringsomefestivalssuchasSpringFestival,LanteinFestival,ifpeoplehearthesoundofdrumandgong,nomatterhowcoldtheweatheris,theywillcometostreetandappreciatetheYangko.Recentyears,theoldpeopleincityofeast-northernofChinaorganizedtheteamofYangkobythemselves,theteamerskeeptheirhealthbydancingYangkothewholeyear.中国经济的高速发展，带来了消费文化的曰益流行，同时也催生了一批具有高学历，充分享受资本主义消费模式的年轻人，他们习惯于当月工资当月花。因而被称为“月光族”(themoonlightgroup)。“月光族”一词出现于20世纪90年代后期，是用来讽刺那些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fastfoodculture)的年轻人。翻译：Chinaseconomyisdevelopingveryquickly,andhasbroughtwithitacultureofconsumptionmoreprevalentwitheachpassingday.Atthesametime,ithasbroughtintobeinganeducatedgroupofyoungpeoplewhoenjoycapitalistconsumptionway.Theyreusedtospendingmoneyassoonastheygetiteverymonth,andsoarecalledt6themoon?lightgroup”.Thiswordcameintobeingduringthe1990s,tomakefunofthosebomintowealth，whohavereceivedahigheducation,andwhoap?preciatefastfoodculture.如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。Nowadays,moreandmoreuniversitystudentscomplainabouthavinggreatdifficultiesinfindingagoodjob.Thereasonsforthisphenomenonareasfollows:First,collegestudentsspendmostoftheirtimeatschoolstudyingacademicsubjectsanditisonlywhentheystartlookingforajobthattheyrealizetheylacknecessaryjobtraining.Second,competitionamonggraduateshasbecomemoreandmorefierce.Andthisresultsinadecreasedchanceforanyindividualgraduatetofindajob.Therefore,itishighlysuggestedthatcollegestudentsshoulddosomepart-timejobsintheirsparetimetoaccumulaterelevantworkingexperience.茶马古道(Tea-horseAncientRoad)两边，生活着20多个少数民族。不同的地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化，比如:大理，丽江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅鲁藏布江大峡谷和布达拉宫(PotalaPalace)。古道的两旁有庙宇、岩石壁画、骚站(post?house),古桥和木板路，还有少数民族舞蹈和民族服装。时至今天，虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了，但它的文化和历史价值仍然存在。AlongtheTea-horseAncientRoadlivedmorethan20minori?ties.Concentrationsofbeautifulandmysteriousnaturallandscapesandtraditionalculturesdevelopedinvarioussites，includingDalioldcity,Lijiangoldcity,Shangrila,YarlungZangboRiverGrandCanyon,PotalaPalace.Theroadfeaturestemples,rockpaintings,posthouses,ancientbridgesandplankroads.Itisalsohometomanynationalminoritiesandtheirdancesandfolkcustoms.Today,althoughthetracesoftheancientroadarefadingaway,itsculturalandhistoricvaluesremain.就像向中国出售商品的公司会看到收益有损失一样，中国经济 活动放缓有着世界性的影响。包括澳大利亚、巴西和东南亚在内的 其他国家近年来都看到了巨大的利润，因为中国对自然资源有需求。 中国的需求下降巳经对很多商品的价格有了影响。上周，中国财政 部长楼继伟表示,今年的经济增长可能为7%,而这不一定是“底线”。A slowdown in economic activity in China has a global impact as companies that sell to China may see revenues suffer. Countries includ?ing Australia, Brazil and others in South East Asia have seen huge profits in recent years because of Chinese demand for natural resources. The fall in demand from China has already had an impact on the prices of many commodities. Last week，Chinas Finance Minister Lou Jiwei indicated that economic growth could be 7% for the year, and that this may not be the “bottom line”中国公司想创造世界品牌，外国公司想增加在中国的销量，这些都正改变着中国的设计产业。中国制造商意识到，若他们想在本国市场脱颖而出，在外国市场崭露头角，就必须设计更好的产品。索尼这样的外国公司也开始明白，从前海外公司常把随便什么地方设计的产品拿到中国来卖，而现在，中国消费者变得更加挑剔，他们不再那样容易满足了。ChinesecompanieswanttocreateworldbrandsandtheforeigncompanieswanttoincreasethesellinginChinawhichallchangetheChinesedesignindustry.TheChinesemanufacturersrealizethattheyhavetodesignbetterproductsiftheywanttostandoutinthedomesticmarketsaswellasdistinguishthemselvesintheforeignmarkets.Previously,theoverseascaompaniesalwaystooktheproductswhichweredesignedinsomewheretoChinesemarket,butnowtheforeigncompaniessuchasSonybeginstorealizethattheChineseconsumersbecomemoreandmorefastidiousandnolongereasytobesatisfied.重阳节，由于它是在中国农历九月初九这一天，所以又被称为重九节，至今有约两千年的历史。在中国古代，重阳节是一个重要的节日，这一天要举行各种庆祝活动，如:登高、赏菊(chrysanthemum)、插茱萸(cornel)、吃重阳糕等。登髙是重阳节的主要习俗。古人认为，在这一天登高可以避祸免灾。近年来，这个古老的节日被赋予新的含义，逐渐成为开展各种敬老活动、一年一度的“老年节”。ChongyangFestival fallsontheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth,becauseofwhich itisalsonamedastheDouble-ninthFestival,whichhasahistoryofsome2,000years.AsanimportantfestivalinancientChina,ChongyangFestivalwascelebratedbyholdingvariousactivities,suchasclimbingmountains,appreciatingchrysanthemums,wearingcornelandeatingChongyangcakes.ClimbingmountainsisamajorcustominChongyangFestival.Ancientpeoplethoughtclimbingmountainsonthisdaycouldhelpthemavoidmisfortuneandpreventdisasters.Inrecentyears,anewmeaninghasbeengiventotheoldfestival，anditgraduallybecomesanannualSeniorsDay,onwhichvariousactivitiesareheldinhonorofseniorpeople.平遥位于中国山西省中部，是一个有着2700多年历史的古老城市。它是明淸时期汉族城市的一个典范。它的城墙、街道、住宅、店铺和庙宇都保留得异常完好，极富特色。同时，居住在平遥的人民依然保留着许多传统。这个与世隔绝的古城功能特殊、布局(layout)合理。城墙是由黑色的砖砌成，已经经历了600多年的风雨洗礼，一直保存完好。现在它已经成为古城的一个标志了。Pingyao is an ancient city with a history of over 2700 years, loeated in the middle pan of Shanxi Province, China. It is an outstanding example of cities of the Han nationality during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Its city walls, streets, dwelling houses, shops and temples have retained all the features to an exceptional degree. Also, many traditions are still preserved by the people living in Pingyao. The enclosed city is of distinct function and proper layout. The city wall that was built with black bricks has stood against rains and storms for over 600 years and been well preserved. Now it has bccome a symbol of the old city.据说如果地球上真有人间仙境，九寨沟(Jiuzhaigou Valley)定是其中之一。它有梦境般的风景：蓝色的湖泊、瀑布、翠绿的森林、白雪皑皑的山脉，还有藏族和羌族人民(theTibetan and Qiang peoples)的民间习俗。九寨沟不仅仅有壮观的景色，还是九个藏族村寨的居住地，还有超过220种鸟类以及许多濒临灭绝的动植物物种。它在1992年被联合国教科文组织宣布为世界文化遗产。九寨沟一年四季的美景使它成为中国最著名的景点之一。It is said that if there should be wonderlands on theearth, Jiuzhaigou Valley must be one of them. It hasdreamlike scenery, which combines bluelakes,waterfalls, verdant forests, snow-coveredmountains, and the folk customs of the Tibetan andQiang peoples. More than just spectacular scenery, Jiuzhaigou Valley is home to nine Tibetanvillages, over 220 bird species as well as a number of endangered plant and animal species.Jiuzhaigou Valley was declared a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site in 1992. It providesspectacular scenery throughout four seasons of the year, making it one of Chinas most well-known scenic sites.兵马俑(the Terracotta Army)由于它的历史意义和独特性而成为中国最知名的景点之一。秦始皇于公元前221年统一中国。他下令建造了这个军队的模型。兵马俑意义非常，因为数以百计精美的真人大小的模型代表了当时横扫中国所有其他军队的庞大军队。这个军队是统一的中国能够形成的决定性因素。兵马俑的陶俑(terracotta statues)是用来为秦始皇殉葬的，以彰显他的荣耀。The Terracotta Army is one of the most famousattractions in China because of its historicalsignificance and uniqueness.First Emperor of Qinunified China in 221 B.C.He ordered the creation ofthis model army.It is very significant becausehundreds of fine life-size models represent the army that triumphed over all other Chinesearmies at that time.The army was the decisive factor in forming a united China.The army ofterracotta statues was made to be buried with the First Emperor of Qin as a show of his glory.峨眉山(Mout Emei)是中国最著名的四大佛教名山之一，壮丽而优雅。高鸷的山峰因绿色林区点缀而美丽。峨眉山不仅美丽，而且高大，爬上山是件很困难的事，尤其是对身体不好的人来说。不过，峨眉山配有缆车(cable car),可以带你到山顶。在山顶的云雾缭绕中观看日出是非常美妙的经历。峨眉山也因其丰富的动植物资源而出名。在峨眉山，你可以见到许多珍稀濒危动植物物种。Mout Emei is one of the four most famous BuddhistMountains in China, boasting magnificence andclegance. The lofty peaks are beautifully decoratedwith green wooded areas. Besides its beauty, it is sohuge that climbing is difficult, especially for theweak. However, the mountain is equipped with cable cars to carry you to the top of themountain. Seeing sunrise over the clouds on the top of the mountain is a wonderful experience.Mout Emei is also famous for its abundant animal and plant resources. Many rare andendangered animal and plant species can be seen there.坐落于北京南部的天坛(theTempleofHeaven)是中国现存最大的古代祭祀建筑(sacrificialbuilding)群。它占地约273公顷，面积是紫禁城的三倍。天坛建于1420年，为皇帝祭天所用。它被认为是北京皇家寺庙中最神圣的建筑物。人们形容它是“建筑和景观设计相结合的杰作尽管在封建时代平民不允许进人这个巨大的公园，但现在只需很少的钱每个人都可以在这里玩一整天。TheTempleofHeaveninthesouthernpartofBeijingisChinaslargestexistingarchitecturalcomplexofancientsacrificialbuildings.Occupyinganareaofabout273hectares,itisthreetimestheareaoftheForbiddenCity.Itwasbuiltin1420foremperorstoworshiptheHeaven.TheTempleofHeavenisconsideredthemostholyofBeijingsimperialtemples.Ithasbeendescribedas“amasterpieceofcombiningarchitectureandlandscapedesign”.Althoughinfeudaltimescommonpeoplewerenotallowedtoenterthisenormouspark,nowbypayingonlyasmallfeeeveryonecanenjoyitalldaylong.中国的印章篆刻(sealcarving)始于古代，贯穿于整个秦朝。篆刻的印帝最初是作为皇帝的玉玺(imperialseal)来使用的。皇家的印章被称为玺(Xi)并且只能由皇室成员使用。秦朝之后，更多不同种类的印章出现了。它们作为个性化的印戳用于私人用途。这些非官方定制的印戳被称为印(Yin)。在唐朝，由于迷信(superstition),印章的名称被改称为宝，理由是玺的发音与另一个表示“死亡”意思的汉字类似。ChinesesealcarvingfirstappearedinancienttimesandwasusedthroughouttheQinDynasty.ItwasinitiallyemployedasanimperialsealnamedXi.Theseimperialsealcarvingswereusedonlybytheroyalty.Followingthisdynasty,moredifferentkindsofsealsappearedandwereusedbyprivatefolksaspersonalizedstamps.Thesenon-officialstampswerecalledYin.DuringtheTangDynasty,thesealswasrenamedBaoasaresultofsuperstitionsincethepronunciationofXiissimilartothatofanotherChinesecharactcrwhichmeansdeath.唐朝是中国古代最繁荣、兴旺、灿烂、光荣的时期。因此，中国人穿的传统服装就被称为“唐装(Tangsuit)”。实际上，“唐装”并不是唐朝的服装。它的起源可以追溯到清朝，由马褂(Chinesejacket)演变而来。唐装的颜色多种多样，最常见的是红色、深蓝色、金色和黑色。唐装上一种常见的设计是使用汉字来表达好运和祝福。今天，仍然有很多人会在传统的节日里穿唐装。TheTangDynastywasthemostthriving,prosperous,splendidandgloriousperiodinancientChina.Asaresult,thetraditionalclothingwornbytheChineseiscalled“Tangsuit”.Actually,Tangsuit”isnottheclothingoftheTangDynasty.ItsorigincanbetracedbacktotheQingDynasty,evolvingfromChinesejacket.Tangsuitismadeindifferentcolors,themostcommonarered,darkblue,goldandblack.OnecommondesignistheusageofChinesecharacterstoconveygoodluckandwishes.Today,therearestillmanypeoplewhowouldwearTangsuitduringtraditionalfestivals.据说在中国,蜡染(waxprinting)早在秦末或者汉初就已经出现，但它最初作为成品出现是在唐朝。蜡染是“丝绸之路”的商品之一，这些商品被出口到欧洲和其他地方。蜡染在中国是代代传承下来的。它是苗族(Miaoethnicminority)独特的绘画和手工染色工艺。作为中国最具有民族特色的艺术之一，蜡染产品的种类很多，有墙上挂饰、邮包、书包、桌套等等。ItisbelievedthatwaxprintingappearedinChinaasearlyasthelateQinorearlyHanDynasty,butitfirstoccurredasafinishedproductduringtheTangDynasty.Itwasoneof“theSilkRoadgoodsthatwereexportedtoEuropeandelsewhere.WaxprintinghasbeenpasseddownfromgenerationtogenerationinChina.ItisauniquedrawinganddyeinghandworkoftheMiaoethnicminority.AsoneofthemostcharacteristicnationalartsinChina,waxprintingproductsarevariousincludingwallhangings,letterbags,bags,table-clothesandsoon.中国因其国宝(nationaltreasure)熊猫而闻名于世。熊猫的食物竹子也深受中国人民的喜爱。中国是世界上拥有竹子最多的国家，被称为竹子的王国。竹文化长久以来深深根植于中国人的思想中。对中国人民来说，竹子是美德的象征。它反映了人的灵魂和情感。中国古代的学者对竹子非常敬重。这就解释了为什么历史上有那么多的著作和绘画都是以竹为主题的。Chinaisworldwidefamousforitsnationaltreasure,thepandas.Thepandasfood,bamboo,isalsofavoredbyChinesepeople.ItisknownastheKingdomofBamboopossessingmorebamboosthananyothercountryintheworld.BambooculturehasbeenrootedinChinesepeoplesmindsforalongtime.TotheChinesepeople,bambooisasymbolofvirtue,whichreflectspeoplessoulsandemotions.AncientChinesescholarslookedupwithgreatrespecttobamboo.Thisexplainswhytherearesomanywritingsandpaintingsdedicatedtotheplantthroughouthistory.梦文化是中国古代文化的重要组成部分。除了家喻户晓的“庄周梦蝶”，关于梦的古老传说，中国有很多。解梦在中国十分流行，其中最知名的解梦书籍当属周公解梦(DukeofZhouInterpretsDreams)。梦的意义各不相同，古人把梦当作是神的意旨。人们认为梦预示着吉兆和厄运，所以常常参照周公解梦一书来解读梦境，通过解梦来得知吉凶祸福的预兆。DreamcultureisanimportantpartofancientChineseculture.Besidesthehousehold“ZhuangZhousDreamingofBecomingaButterfly”，therearemanyoldtalesaboutdreamsinChina.DreaminterpretingisalsopopularinChina,andthemostfamousbookfo