提高体育教学质量的方法.doc

/ / / 独立学院，作为高等教育的重要组成部分，从1999年第一所独立学院成立以来，便迅速崛起，已经成为一支突起的异军。至2008年9月，教育部公布全国共有独立学院320所，在校生180多万人。从数字上看，已经形成了较大的规模。但独立学院作为一种新生事物，还处在自身的完善和发展中，很多东西还处在摸索中。学校的教学环境、条件及学生的个体差异，公办高校的成功经验未必适合独立学院的实际情况。很多学者的研究结果表明，目前独立学院的教学上存在教学资源短缺、人才培养目标定位不准，教学内容设置缺乏专业特色，教学方法缺乏创新等诸多问题。体育教学是学校体育中的核心问题，学校体育目标的实现和学生体育能力的提高，在很大程度上依赖体育教学的效果。如何从体育的角度突出独立学院办学特色，从而提高独立学院的整体教学质量是一个非常关键问题。Independent college, as an important part of higher education, the first independent college from 1999 since its establishment, the rapid rise, has become a vision of the army. In September 2008, the ministry of education published a total of 320 independent colleges across the country, college students more than 180, ten thousand people. Numerically, has formed a larger scale. But independent colleges as a new thing, is still in its own perfecting and developing, a lot of things still in grope. The schools teaching environment, conditions and individual differences of students, the successful experience of universities may not be suitable for the actual situation of independent college. Many scholars research results show that the independent college teaching there is shortage of teaching resources, personnel training target, teaching content set a lack of professional features, teaching methods lack of innovation, and many other problems. Sports teaching is the key problem in school sports, school sports and the improvement of students sports ability, to achieve the goal of rely heavily on physical education teaching effect. How to highlight the characteristics of independent college education from the perspective of sports, so as to improve the overall quality of teaching of the independent college is a very key issue. 1 体育教师队伍构成不合理1 PE teachers troop structure is unreasonable 体育师资状况一直是困扰独立学院健康发展的最重要因素。独立学院起步之初，师资主要依靠从母校聘请。目前，独立学院虽然逐渐扩大专职教师的数量，但体育教师队伍的构成中，仍然以兼职教师或外聘教师居多。通过调查，21所独立学院中，专职体育教师人数最多的也只有7人。显然，专职教师的数量很难完成全部的教学任务。为了弥补师资的不足，目前，独立学院主要采取三种方法，一是外聘教师，二是增加教师的课时，三是增加体育课教学班人数。而这三种方法，都从不同程度上影响体育教学的质量。Sports teachers in independent colleges has been plagued the healthy development of the most important factor. Start at the beginning of the college, teachers rely mainly on retained from the Alma mater. At present, the independent college though gradually expanding the number of full-time teachers, but the form of sports teachers, are still mostly part-time teachers and part-time teachers. Through the investigation, 21 in the independent college, the largest number of full-time physical education teachers also only seven people. Obviously, the number of full-time teachers is very difficult to complete the teaching task. In order to make up for the lack of teachers, at present, the independent college mainly adopt three ways, one is the part-time teachers, the second is to increase teachers class, 3 it is to increase the number of physical education classes. And these three methods, from different extent, affect the quality of the physical education teaching. 外聘教师有着积极的一面，可以扩大教师间的经验交流，弥补专职教师年轻经验不足的缺陷。但却存在着很大的缺点。外聘教师一般都从母体高校聘请的在职体育教师，他们两边任课，为的是多上点课，增加课时费的收入。原本教学任务就很繁重，再加上兼任的课时，使他们疲于应付，很少有时间备课。而且两个学校的学生也有着很大的差异，同样的教学方法，教学手段，课堂管理方法很难受到独立学院学生的欢迎，而且学生与外聘教师的沟通也非常困难，他们往往是上课来，下课就走，缺少对学生的课后辅导。教学质量可想而知。Part-time teachers has a positive side, between teacher can expand the exchange of experience, make up the defects of full-time teachers young and inexperienced. But there are a lot of shortcomings. Part-time teachers generally from mother in sports teachers in colleges and universities, and they both classroom and so on more class, increase the income of KeShiFei. Originally teaching task is very heavy, plus part-time hours, so that they struggle to cope with, rarely has time to lessons. And two school students also have very big difference, the same teaching method, teaching method, classroom management method is difficult to get the welcome of independent college students, and students and part-time teachers communication is also very difficult, they tend to be a class, go class, lack of students after-school tutoring. The teaching quality. 2 人才管理机制缺乏人性化，社会保障体系不健全2 talent management mechanism is lack of human nature, the social security system is not sound 目前，独立学院的专职教师实行的是岗位聘任制，在人才的管理上存在很多缺陷。一是，管理制度缺乏“以人为本”的理念，没有考虑人才的可持续发展。用人上往往是短期行为。二是激励机制不够。根据现代组织行为学理论，激励的本质是员工去做某件事的意愿，这种意愿是以满足员工的个人需要为条件。一个大学要称得上有效，就必须将教学放在中心的位置，将教师队伍稳定在教学上，使教师将更多的时间和精力用于教学。通过调查，50.8%的教师认为工资低，33.3%教师认为很低，只有15.9%的教师选择了合适，而认为工资高的则没有。工资是人才的劳动所得，如果实际的工资标准与心理上的标准相差太大，会造成很大的失落感，极大地影响他们工作的积极性。对福利待遇35%的教师选择了低，27.0%的教师选择了很低，只有12.6%的教师选择了合适。在社会保障方面，青年教师的住房问题、退休教师的安置问题、子女入学等相关问题在独立学院也是比较突出的问题。At present, the independent college full-time teacher is a post appointment system, there are many defects in talent management. One is that management system lack of the concept of people-oriented, did not consider the sustainable development of talents. Tend to be short-term behavior of choose and employ persons. The second is incentive mechanism is not enough. According to the modern theory of organizational behavior, motivate employees to do a thing is the nature of the will, the will in order to satisfy the personal needs of employees. A university to be effective, it must put the teaching in the center position, will be stable on the teaching, teachers will give teachers more time and energy to teaching. Through the survey, 50.8% of teachers think that the wages were low, 33.3% teachers think that is very low, only 15.9% of the teachers choose the right, and that salary is not high. Salary is talent earned income, if the actual salary standard and the psychological difference is too big, will cause great loss, greatly affect their willingness to work. To benefit 35% of the teachers choose the low, 27.0% of the teachers selected is very low, only 12.6% of the teachers choose the right. In terms of social security, the housing problem in the young teachers, retired teachers and their children to school and other related problems in independent college is also a prominent problem. 3.3 学校领导的办学思想错位3.3 the school leader the school-running thoughts of dislocation 民办高校体育课教学条件相对薄弱的一个重要原因是办学者为了扩大招生数量，把有限的财力投入到专业课的建设，而相对忽视改善体育课的教学条件。首先限制体育教师的数量，压缩体育课的学时。目前辽宁省21所独立学院体育课的修学年限有17所学校是2年，学生到大三、大四后学校就没有任何形式的体育课，而纲要中规定对大学三年级以上的学生要开设选修体育课。显然，目前独立学院为了减少体育教学的投入，缩减了体育课的学时数，只完成2学年的必修体育课教学。从中我们可以看出，学校的决策者以牺牲学生的利益为代价，缩减了体育教学的成本投入。另一方面学校对体育科研经费投入甚少，对教师进修缺乏支持，在职培训缺失。独立学院专职体育教师多为刚参加工作的高校毕业生，微薄的工资收入连正常的生活开销都难以满足，更谈不上利用资金搞科研。学校和教师自身的双重因素造成独立学院科研水平普遍较低。通过调查表明，我省独立学院在此方面比较落后，忽视对教师的继续教育。任何完善的师范教育，也不可能取代教师的继续教育，体育教育的内容更新换代比其它学科频繁，体育教师承担的教学任务比其它学科繁杂，从比较的角度来看，体育教师是最离不开继续教育的教师。可见，要想从根本上提升独立学院体育教学的质量，学院领导的思想转变是关键。Private colleges physical teaching conditions are relatively weak is one of the most important reason is that the operators in order to expand enrollment, the limited resources into the course of construction, improving PE teaching conditions and relatively neglected. First, limit the number of PE teachers, PE compression of the school. At present age 21 independent institute of physical education study in liaoning province has 17 schools is 2 years, after students in junior and senior schools, there is no any form of physical education, and the outline in the regulation of university students in grades three to open elective physical education. Obviously, to reduce the number of sports teaching in independent college at present, reduces the number of school physical education only completed 2 year of compulsory physical education class teaching. From which we can see that the schools decision makers at the expense of the interests of students, reduce the cost of sports teaching. On the other hand school of sports scientific research funds invest little, teacher training is a lack of support, lack of on-the-job training. Independent college full-time physical education teachers to participate in the work of college graduates, just for meager wage income even is difficult to meet the normal living expenses, much less use of research funds. Dual factor of the schools and teachers independent college scientific research level is generally low. Independent colleges in our province through survey, relatively backward in this regard, ignore the continuing education of teachers. Any normal education, also cant replace teachers continuing education, physical education updated frequently than any other subject, the content of the physical education teachers undertake the task of teaching and complex than any other subject, from the perspective of comparison, the physical education teachers is the most is dependent on the continuing education of teachers. Visible, in order to fundamentally improve the quality of independent college sports teaching, college leadership thought transformation is the key. 提高辽宁省独立学院体育教学质量必须改善体育教师结构，从而稳定教师队伍，加大对教师生活、工作、科研、教研培训、进修等方面的支持力度，使教师安于工作，从而提高教学质量。树立以“教师为本”的管理理念。相关的管理制度要体现出对教师的劳动和成果、对教师的价值和尊严、对教师应有的权力和权益的尊重和